The thermally driven wind over mountainous terrains challenges the estimation of CO2 exchange between forests and the atmosphere when using the eddy covariance technique. In this study, the wind regimes were investigated in a temperate deciduous fore...
Although accurate quantification of forest soil CO2 emissions is critical for improving global carbon cycle models, traditional chamber and gradient methods often underestimate fluxes under windy conditions. Based on long-term field observations in a...
It is very challenging to capture the drag effects for the computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations of the urban canopy wind environment. This study proposed a novel canopy drag coefficient model for accurate analysis of the urban wind envi...
This paper investigates the aerodynamic behavior of Basil (i.e., Ocimum basilicum) and Mentuccia (i.e., Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze), emphasizing the impact of plant structure on drag force. In this paper, the drag coefficient is assessed for the...
Forecasting fire growth, plume rise and smoke impacts on air quality remains a challenging task. Wildland fires dynamically interact with the atmosphere, which can impact fire behavior, plume rises, and smoke dispersion. For understory fires, the fir...
Hurricane Maria crossed Puerto Rico with winds as high as 250 km/h, resulting in widespread damages and loss of weather station data, thus limiting direct weather measurements of wind variability. Here, we identified more than 155 million trees to es...
Wind erosion is a typical issue for stone carvings in northwest China caves, and windbreaks such as shelterbelts have proven to be effective in mitigating wind erosion. This study has the main purpose of examining the effect of shelterbelts on allevi...
Low-coverage line-belt-pattern protective forests offer significant advantages in terms of wind and sand control measures. It is important to study the windbreak effectiveness of sand-fixing forests with different spacing for the construction and opt...
Trees play a crucial role in the water, carbon and nitrogen cycle on local, regional and global scales. Understanding the exchange of momentum, heat, water, and CO 2 between trees and the atmosphere is important to assess the impact of drough...
In the process of plant protection for fruit trees using rotary-wing UAVs, challenges such as droplet drift, insufficient canopy penetration, and low agrochemical utilization efficiency remain prominent. Among these, the uncertainty in the spatio-tem...
A model for the simulation of wind flow in complex terrain is presented based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. For the description of turbulence, the standard k-ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε, and...
In this study, large-eddy simulation was employed to investigate the influence of the forest canopy on wind turbine wakes. Nine forest case studies were carried out with different vertical distributions of leaf area density (LAD) and values of leaf a...
Rainfall partitioning, a crucial process in shaping the local hydrological cycle, governs canopy interception and subsequent soil water recharge. While canopy structure and meteorological conditions fundamentally regulate this process, the role of pl...
In forest ecosystems, natural and anthropogenic disturbances alter canopy structure, understory vegetation, amount of woody debris, and the properties of litter and soil layers. The magnitude of these environmental changes is context-dependent and de...
Turbulent flows over forest canopies have been successfully modeled using Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). Simulated winds result from the balance between a simplified pressure gradient forcing (e.g., a constant pressure-gradient or a canonical Ekman ba...
The flow over densely forested terrain under neutral and non-neutral conditions is considered using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Results are validated against data from a site in Northeastern France. It is shown...
The aim of this study was to observe soil erosion by wind, depending on the soil physical properties, climatic conditions, and plant canopy, for three representative soil series in the reclaimed tidal flats. Soil samples were collected from the Ap ho...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are widely used as remote sensing platforms to effectively monitor agricultural conditions. The wind field generated by the rotors in low-altitude operations will cause the deformation of rice crops, and may affect the...
Horizontally averaged wind profiles inside the urban canopy are used in many studies and numerical models. The existing analytical models are only applicable to a small range of aspect ratios and mostly neutral atmospheric conditions due to their und...
This study presents a systematic optimization framework of 3HW36 Mountain Orchard Rail-Mounted Wind-Driven Plant Protection Equipment through integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind field validation, and field experiments. The CFD model d...
Micrometeorological measurements were used to evaluate heat and water vapor to describe the transpiration (Ev) and soil evaporation (Es) processes for wide and narrow runoff strips under in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) system. The resulting sigm...
Large scale coherent structures in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are known to contribute to the power generation in wind farms. In order to understand the dynamics of large scale structures, we perform proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) ana...
In order to improve the level of the urban living environment and improve the comfort level of the microclimate, this paper investigates and simulates numerically the influence on the wind environment of different tree species in various tree array l...
The suitability of airflow velocity in airborne spraying operations in orchards is mostly evaluated on the basis of inlet and outlet based on the airflow velocity at the canopy. However, the airflow velocity required to penetrate into the inner layer...
We develop a new model for urban wind corridors analysis and detection of urban wind ventilation potential based on concepts and principles of network theory. Our approach is based solely on data extracted from spatial urban features that are easily...
Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of forest disturbances globally, including windthrow, which poses substantial risks for both forest productivity and ecosystem stability. Rapid and precise assessment of wind-induced tree dama...
Changes in canopy structures caused by harvesting and regeneration practices can significantly alter the wind environment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the wind patterns influenced by seed tree arrangements for predicting seed dispersal b...
High-precision differential air pressure measurements were conducted in the below-canopy space of a Scots pine forest and in the forest soil to investigate small air pressure fluctuations and their effect on soil gas flux. In addition to air pressure...
This paper reports statistical relationships between measured airflow, air pressure fluctuations, and the wind-induced motion of planted Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.). The results presented illustrate the potential of low-cost, ground-based...
Analysing the penetration and droplet deposition characteristics in the canopy of fruit trees is critical for optimising the operational parameters of air-assisted spraying equipment, achieving precise application of chemicals, and improving the effe...
Electrostatic spraying systems can improve the pesticide application efficiency by enhancing droplet deposition and coverage within crop canopies. This study evaluated the droplet size spectra and charge-to-mass ratio (CMR) of five electrostatically...
In order to mitigate the impact of particulate pollutants in Nanjing Sample Industrial Park, it is imperative to simulate the wind field and pollutant dispersion inside the park. Therefore, a CFD-DPM study was employed to simulate the wind field and...
Strawberry is a widely cultivated cash crop in China. In order to control pests and diseases on strawberries, there must be sufficient deposits on the abaxial surfaces of the leaves. Air-assisted technology can effectively increase the deposition on...
Precision pesticide application mainly relies on canopy volume, resulting in varied application effectiveness across different density areas of orchard trees. This study examined pesticide application effectiveness based on the spray wind, canopy vol...
The downwash airflow generated by the rotors can enhance the penetration of pesticide droplets, allowing them to penetrate deeper into the canopy and more comprehensively control pests. Downwash air will produce a “wind vortex” in plant c...
Solving the hydrodynamical equations in urban canopies often requires substantial computational resources. This is especially the case when tackling urban wind comfort issues. In this article, a novel and efficient technique for predicting wind veloc...
Crown fire hazard assessment and behavior prediction in dwarf pine (Pinus pumila) forests are dictated by the amount of canopy fuel available, topography, and weather. In this study, we collected data on CFL (available canopy fuel load), CBD (canopy...
Future wind power developments may be located in complex topographic and harsh environments; forests are one type of complex terrain that offers untapped potential for wind energy. A detailed analysis of the unsteady interaction between wind turbines...
Forest plantations, particularly high-density planted stands, are considered to be more prone to wind damage compared to naturally regenerated stands. The wind resistance (mechanical stability) of plantations can, however, be improved by close-to-nat...
Air-assisted spraying is the primary method of plant protection in orchards, and precision spraying according to the canopy characteristics of fruit trees can reduce waste and pollution due to pesticide drift. To facilitate targeted pesticide applica...
Mangrove forests have unique ecosystem functions and services, yet the coastal mangroves in tropics are often disturbed by tropical cyclones. Hurricane Maria swept Puerto Rico and nearby Caribbean islands in September 2017 and caused tremendous damag...
Canopy–atmospheric water vapor output resistance (gs) is a key parameter in researching forest canopy transpiration. It is important for quantifying the water vapor exchange in forest ecosystems. However, the method by which gs is determined ha...
Shelterbelts provide essential protection against wind erosion and soil degradation, as well as protection for fruit-bearing plants and crops from strong winds. Enhancing their sheltering capabilities requires optimizing their pattern and orientation...
Landscape heterogeneity shapes species distributions, interactions, and fluctuations. Historically, in dry forest ecosystems, low canopy cover and heterogeneous fuel patterns often moderated disturbances like fire. Over the last century, however, inc...
Quantifying the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as deforestation, forest fires and vegetation thinning among others on net ecosystem—atmosphere exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat—is an important aspect in the cont...
Widely distributed across Quebec, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) is highly vulnerable to wind damage. The harsh winter conditions, freezing temperatures, and snow pose an additional risk. It is important to find the mechanical loads experience...
A high-resolution large eddy simulation (LES) of wind flow over the Oklahoma City downtown area was performed to explain the effect of the building height on wind flow over the city. Wind flow over cities is vital for pedestrian and traffic comfort a...
Pollination is essential for producing temperate-zone tree fruits like apples (Malus × domestica). While traditionally considered insect-dependent, this view may result from orchard designs tailored to European honeybees. Previous research show...
A thorough exploration of the micrometeorological aspects influencing canopy temperature in contrasting wheat cultivars can unveil the specific mechanisms of adaptation to heat stress. However, information on wheat microclimates in hot environments f...
To address uneven airflow distribution and pesticide deposition coverage in orchard pesticide application, we developed a double-flexible duct spraying device. Utilizing FLUENT 2022 software for airflow field simulation, we analyzed various structura...
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