Engineered barrier system (EBS) has been proposed for the disposal of high-level waste (HLW). An EBS is composed of a disposal canister with spent fuel, a buffer material, backfill material, and a near field rock mass. The buffer material is especial...
Buffer material has been shown to be effective over the long term for radionuclide diffusion retardation and is used as the final artificial barrier of the multi-barrier system in the high-level waste disposal repository. The method of disposal raise...
Bentonite is used as a buffer material in most high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository designs. Smectite clay is the main mineral component of bentonite and plays a key role in controlling the buffer’s physical and chemical behaviors. Moreover,...
Chemical degradation of borosilicate glass doped with 238Pu was modelled in conditions of a failed underground radwaste repository in granite host rock with bentonite buffer material after penetration of aqueous solutions at temperature of 90 °C....
Bentonite is used as a buffer material in engineered barriers for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The buffer material will be made of bentonite, a natural clay, mixed with silica sand. The buffer material is affected by decay...
The safety and robustness of Deep Geological Repositories (DGRs) are of paramount importance for the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel from electricity generation. The introduction of a multi-barrier system, which includes the host rock form...
In a deep geological disposal system, bentonite buffer material is an important barrier used to protect the disposal canister from the inflow of groundwater and prevent the outflow of radionuclides. This study aimed to characterize the mineralogical...
Buffer material (compacted bentonite), one of the engineered barrier elements in the geological disposal of a high-level radioactive waste, develops swelling stress due to groundwater penetration from the surrounding rock mass. Montmorillonite is the...
Bentonite, a common smectite-rich buffer material, is in direct contact with corroding steel in many high-level radioactive waste repository designs. The interaction of iron with the smectite-rich clay may affect its swelling and sealing properties b...
Most safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are reliant on the swelling of bentonite in the engineered barrier system as it saturates with groundwater. Assurance of safety therefore requires effective monitoring of bentoni...
The geological containment of high-level radioactive waste has become widely accepted among international organizations, and it has been adopted by many countries as part of their national nuclear waste disposal plan. The multi-barrier system, includ...
The buffer material that makes up the geological disposal system of high-level waste swells by contact with groundwater and seals space with rock mass and fractures in rock mass. The buffer material has a function of mechanical buffer with rock press...
The final disposal of high-level nuclear waste in many countries is preferred to be in deep geological repositories. Compacted bentonites are proposed for use as the buffer surrounding the waste canisters which may be subjected to both thermal and hy...
Because of its swelling capacity, compacted bentonite clay is a suitable buffer material in deep geological repositories for high-level nuclear waste. However, this only applies if the swelling capacity is maintained. Accordingly, bentonites have to...
The swelling pressure of bentonite changes dramatically due to diffused nuclear radiation heat and underground osmosis, causing the failure of the buffer isolation layer in deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste...
The existence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk results in economic losses and public health risks. This research aims to examine the capability of bentonite to adsorb and/or eliminate AFM1 from various raw milk types. In addition, the effects of nu...
During the development of the disposal concept in a crystalline massif of the Russian Federation, a question arose regarding the selection of the most suitable types of bentonite for a buffer layer. Data on the composition, structure, surface, and ad...
Pharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for the...
The joints of buffer material composite blocks as potential weak parts in the engineering barrier system of a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository must be studied in depth. Therefore, a laboratory experiment device suitable for unsaturated c...
This study employed two thermal conductivity measuring techniques, including the needle probe-based transient needle-probe method in accordance with ASTM 5334-14 and the surface probe-based transient plane source method in compliance with ISO 22007-2...
This study explores the use of bentonite to enhance biological biogas upgrading in a bubble reactor (BR) operated under mesophilic conditions (39 ± 1 °C). The experimental setup consisted of a 2 L vertically oriented BR (height-to-diameter...
Bentonite buffers at temperatures beyond 100 °C could reduce the amount of high-level radioactive waste in a deep geological repository. However, it is necessary to demonstrate that the buffer surrounding the canisters withstands such elevated temper...
Since nuclear energy is crucial in the decarbonization of the energy supply, one hurdle to remove is the handling of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). Disposal of HLW in a deep geological repository has long been deemed a viable permanent option. I...
Compacted bentonite is envisaged as engineering buffer/backfill material in geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste. In particular, Na-bentonite is characterised by lower hydraulic conductivity and higher swelling competence and cation e...
Direct disposal of dual-purpose canisters (DPC) has been proposed to streamline the disposal of spent nuclear fuel. However, there are scenarios where direct disposal of DPCs may result in temperatures in excess of the specified upper temperature lim...
Investigation on swelling characteristics of buffer/backfill materials during hydration is an important issue in the design of artificial barriers in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal repositories. In this work, for clarifying the character...
Bentonites from the 10th Khutor deposit (Republic of Khakassia, Russia) are considered a potential buffer material for isolation of radioactive waste in the crystalline rocks of Yeniseyskiy site (Krasnoyarskiy region). This study presents the results...
The safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is a significant challenge in the nuclear industry. As the buffer backfill material for deep geological disposal engineering barriers, the shrinkage characteristics of bentonite–sand mixtu...
In recent years, the need for a safe and modern composite barrier for the prevention of groundwater contamination and the provision of geo-environmental protection has been studied together with the need of designing a low-cost and effective liner fo...
The Alternative Buffer Material ABM5 experiment is an in situ medium-scale experiment performed at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) conducted by SKB in Sweden with the aim of analysing the long-term stability of bentonites used as an enginee...
Bentonites are considered to be the most suitable materials for the multibarrier system of high-level radioactive waste repositories. Since BCV bentonite has been proved to be an ideal representative of Czech Ca-Mg bentonites in this respect, it has...
Li sorption was studied on natural bentonite, kaolin and zeolite in batch experiments at variable Li and Na concentrations (0, 1.5, 15, 150, 750 mM LiCl and 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 5 M NaCl). The solid-to-solution ratio was 1:4 and pH ranged from 2 to 10....
Interest in using clays in the diets of ruminants to improve health and performance is increasing. The microbial fermentation of 65:35 (HC) or 35:65 (HF) concentrate:forage feeds, alone or with zeolite (Z), bentonite (B), or sepiolite (S), was studie...
In deep geological disposal system designs, it is important to minimize the installation area for cost effectiveness while satisfying the thermal requirements of the systems. An effective method to reduce the installation area for the systems is to e...
Artificial and singular geochemical environments are created around the engineered barrier systems (EBS) designed to isolate high level nuclear wastes in deep geological repositories. A concrete-bentonite interface takes place within the EBS and it b...
To meet the demand for the separation of specific substances, the construction of porous composite aerogels with a high specific surface area and a strong adsorption capacity is still a challenge. Herein, a sodium alginate/bentonite composite aerogel...
The effects of rumen buffer agents on ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition were determined using in vitro and in vivo experiments in three rumen-cannulated, high-concentrate fed Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Experiment...
The present study reports on the analysis of all blocks of the ABM5 test, which is a medium scale bentonite buffer deposition test. In contrast to similar tests, the ABM5 was conducted at higher temperature (up to 250 °C). The aim of the study was to...
Investigation of the swelling pressure of buffer/backfill materials is a critical aspect in the design of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal repositories. In this study, to clarify the swelling pressure–suction relation for compacted b...
Compacted bentonite–sand mixture (CBM) is a kind of candidate buffer material of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal in many countries. It is believed that the permeability of CBM is greatly related to its microstructure. The aim of thi...
In this study, novel materials have been obtained via a dual covalent and ionic crosslinking strategies, leading to the formation of a fully interpenetrated polymeric network with remarkable mechanical performances as drug delivery platforms for derm...
The production of fraudulent goods remains widespread and economically damaging. The high value of the wine industry makes it particularly vulnerable, and a number of geochemical methods have been developed to ensure traceability and identification o...
Accurately reproducing in situ stress and seepage fields is a core prerequisite for scaled physical modelling of deep underground engineering. This study develops a novel hypergravity-based scaled physical modelling system that integrates centrifugal...
Lactic acid fermentation (LAF) is a promising low-tech approach for the stabilization and hygienization of human feces from dry toilets. However, practical implementation remains limited due to a lack of application-relevant knowledge. This study sys...
Steel slags are solid residual materials formed as by-products throughout the process of steel production within the steelmaking industry. These wastes have good physical properties such as high stiffness and friction angle for use as road fill mater...