Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins have immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we show that Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) induces a strong proliferative response in a murine T cell clone independent of MHC class II bearing cells. SEA stimul...
NK cells (natural killer cells) being a part of the innate immune system have been shown to be involved in immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases. Previously we have shown that HINT1/Hsp70 treatment induced regulatory NK cells ameliorating experimen...
Background/Objectives: Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 is a gut symbiont with probiotic properties. L. johnsonii N6.2 delayed the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in diabetic-prone rats. The probiotic intake demonstrated immune cell modulation in he...
Although the cost allocation method does not change the total benefits of CHP, the use of various cost allocation methods generally results in significant differences in costs allocated for CHP products. In order to overcome the inadequacy of existin...
The vascular endothelium, a specialized monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs), is crucial for maintaining vascular homeostasis by controlling the passage of substances and cells. In the tumor microenvironment, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEG...
We investigated the in vitro effects of two Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). MoDCs from patients with active or treated PCM and non-PCM subjects were g...
Transcription is a dynamic process influenced by the cellular environment: healthy, transformed, and otherwise. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles reflect the collective impact of pathways modulating cell function under different conditions. In thi...
The ability of T cells to identify foreign antigens and mount an efficient immune response while limiting activation upon recognition of self and self-associated peptides is critical. Multiple tolerance mechanisms work in concert to prevent the gener...
Closed, steady or cyclic thermodynamic systems, which have temperature variations over their boundaries, can represent an extremely large range of plants, devices or natural objects, such as combined heating, cooling and power plants, computers and d...
Objectives: Reduced expression of adhesion molecules in tumor vasculature can limit infiltration of effector T cells. To improve T cell adhesion to tumor endothelial cell (EC) antigens and enhance transendothelial migration, we developed bispecific,...
The aim of this scientific research is to experimentally determine the exergy losses of a ground heat pump and further optimization for more efficient use of operating modes and improvement of individual structural elements. In addition, it is propos...
A scramjet engine consisting of several components is a highly coupled system that urgently needs a universal performance metric. Exergy is considered as a potential universal currency to assess the performance of scramjet engines. In this paper, a c...
In recent years, most cities have experienced rapid population growth. Concurrently, international policies have called for substantial reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the resilience of energy-supply systems has become more impo...
This study is focused on enhancing secondary vapor entrainment and direct-contact condensation in a water jet eductor for the purpose of developing a compact, medium-scale desalination system. It encompasses an extended investigation of an eductor as...
Infection with Leishmania amazonensis and L. mexicana may lead to diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The cure is exceptional, especially for the strange case of this lady. Case report: The patient acquired the disease in childhood and remained with les...
B lymphocytes play critical roles in the development of autoimmunity, acting as autoantibody manufacturers, antigen-presenting cells, and producers of cytokines. Pan-B cell depletion has demonstrated efficacy in treatment of many autoimmune disorders...
In 2017, the global Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI) declared Lassa virus disease to be one of the world’s foremost biothreats. In January 2018, World Health Organization experts met to address the Lassa biothreat. It was commonly recognize...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling networks serve to regulate a wide range of physiologic and cancer-associated cell processes. For instance, a variety of oncogenic mutations often lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling, thereby enh...
Background/Objectives: Tumor cells exploit a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the immune response to lung cancer. The programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis is frequently dysregulated in lung cancers with signific...
Human tumors are usually not spontaneously eliminated by the immune system and therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients with defined antigens is followed by tumor regressions only in a small minority of the patients. The poor vaccination effectiven...
Our previous genetic, pharmacological and analogue protection studies identified the glycosphingolipid, Gb3 (globotriaosylceramide, Pk blood group antigen) as a natural resistance factor for HIV infection. Gb3 is a B cell marker (CD77), but a fractio...
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG), a crucial second messenger of receptor-mediated signaling, to phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DAG and PA are bioactive molecules that reg...
Atmospheric water vapor is a critical factor influencing rainfall, snowfall, and avalanche occurrences, with its diurnal variations providing key insights into such phenomena. However, in high-altitude mountainous areas, the spatial and temporal reso...
B lymphocyte receptors are generated randomly during the bone marrow developmental phase of B cells. Hence, the B cell repertoire consists of both self and foreign antigen specificities necessitating specific tolerance mechanisms to eliminate self-re...
We developed a geometrical model to represent the thermodynamic concepts of exergy and anergy. The model leads to multi-scale energy lines (correlons) that we characterised by fractal dimension and entropy analyses. A specific attention will be paid...
The foundations of bridges and other tall buildings are often subjected to cyclic loads. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of rock–concrete composite foundations under cyclic loads. In this paper, uniaxial cycl...
Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). The α isozyme is activated by Ca2+ through its EF-hand motifs and tyrosine phosphorylation. DGKα is highly expressed in several refractory cancer cells including m...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Although traditionally viewed as primarily T-cell-driven, B cells play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. In add...
Millions globally suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The inflammatory symptoms, illness onset, recorded outbreak events, and physiological variations provide strong indications that ME/CFS, at least sometimes, ha...
Supplying electricity, heat and cold is an essential part of the development of more sustainable city districts. Previous studies have illustrated interest in using the exergy efficiency concept to decompose the problem and rank the technology combin...
24 November 2024
Lung cancer represents the most common cause of cancer-related death. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and liver metastases have worse prognosis, with an overall survival (OS) from three to six months. The majority of them have a poor...
Energy transfer operations or processes are systematically analyzed with respect to the way they can be assessed. It turns out that the energy transfer should not only be characterized by the operation or process itself but that it should be seen in...
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subset that bridge innate and adaptive immunity through recognition of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. Upon activation by ligands such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCe...
Metastasis is known as the most life-threatening event in cancer patients. In principle, the immune system can prevent tumor development. However, dysfunctional T cells may fail to eliminate the tumor cells effectively and provide additional survival...
Immune functions decline as we age, while the incidence of cancer rises. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not only revolutionized cancer therapy, but also spawned great interest in identifying predictive biomarkers, since only one t...
The characterization of the receptors negatively modulating lymphocyte function is rapidly advancing, driven by success in tumor immunotherapy. As a result, the number of immune checkpoint receptors characterized from a functional perspective and tar...
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas that can occur in any organ, most commonly the lungs. Early and accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains challenging because initial prese...
Oral immune tolerance is a physiological process to achieve tolerance against autoimmunity by oral ingestion of self-antigen(s) or other therapeutics. At the cellular level, oral tolerance suppresses autoimmune diseases by activating FoxP-positive an...
Erythroid cells are emerging players in immunological regulation that have recently been shown to play a crucial role in fetomaternal tolerance in mice. In this work, we set ourselves the goal of discovering additional information about the molecular...
Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the...
Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are congenital disorders of immune competence, which are mainly characterized by a pathological susceptibility to infection. More than 240 PID disease entities have been defined so far, accounting for a broad spectrum...
The dynamics of neutrophil transendothelial migration was investigated in a model of experimental septicopyemia. Scanning ion-conductance microscopy allowed us to determine changes in morphometric characteristics of endothelial cells during this proc...
Composite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a...
Autoreactive T cells are thought to orchestrate the onset and progression of autoimmune diabetes. Key cognate antigens of these diabetogenic T cells include hybrid insulin peptides, formed by the fusion of insulin fragments to cleavage products of ot...
The two NFAT transcription factors NFATc1 and NFATc2 are the most prominent Ca++-dependent TFs in the nuclei of activated peripheral lymphocytes. They control the activity of thousands of genes during immune responses. Although their structure and fu...
Cancer immunotherapy utilizing Vγ9Vδ2 T cells has been developed over the past decade. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted on various types of solid tumors as well as hematological malignancies. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy can...
Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5th DHC) systems offer promising approaches to decarbonizing space heating, cooling and domestic hot water supply. By using these systems, clustered buildings combined with industrial waste heat can achi...
The pathogenesis of many serious diseases, including cancer, is closely related to disturbances in the angiogenesis process. Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of tumor growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has immunosupp...
The vasculature is a key player and regulatory component in the multicellular microenvironment of solid tumors and, consequently, a therapeutic target. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), antiangiogenic treatment was approved almost 20 years ago, but ther...
Natural Killer (NK) cells are granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to recognize and kill tumor cells without undergoing clonal selection. Discovered over 40 years ago, they have since been recognized to possess both cytotoxi...
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