Diacylglycerol Kinases: Regulated Controllers of T Cell Activation, Function, and Development
1
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2
Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(4), 6649-6673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046649
Received: 1 February 2013 / Revised: 7 March 2013 / Accepted: 14 March 2013 / Published: 26 March 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signalling Molecules and Signal Transduction in Cells)
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG), a crucial second messenger of receptor-mediated signaling, to phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DAG and PA are bioactive molecules that regulate a wide set of intracellular signaling proteins involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Clear evidence points to a critical role for DGKs in modulating T cell activation, function, and development. More recently, studies have elucidated factors that control DGK function, suggesting an added complexity to how DGKs act during signaling. This review summarizes the available knowledge of the function and regulation of DGK isoforms in signal transduction with a particular focus on T lymphocytes.
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Keywords:
diacylglycerol kinase; DGK; signal transduction; T cells; iNKT cells; anergy; tumor immunity
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
MDPI and ACS Style
Joshi, R.P.; Koretzky, G.A. Diacylglycerol Kinases: Regulated Controllers of T Cell Activation, Function, and Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 6649-6673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046649
AMA Style
Joshi RP, Koretzky GA. Diacylglycerol Kinases: Regulated Controllers of T Cell Activation, Function, and Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(4):6649-6673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046649
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoshi, Rohan P.; Koretzky, Gary A. 2013. "Diacylglycerol Kinases: Regulated Controllers of T Cell Activation, Function, and Development" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, no. 4: 6649-6673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046649
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