Under the rubric of understanding the problem of explainability of AI in terms of abductive cognition, I propose to review the lessons from AlphaGo and her more powerful successors. As AI players in Baduk (Go, Weiqi) have arrived at superhuman level,...
Locked and unlocked strategies are at the center of this article, as ways of shedding new light on the cognitive aspects of deep learning machines. The character and the role of these cognitive strategies, which are occurring both in humans and in co...
Recently, the concept of prebiotics has been revisited to expand beyond non-digestible oligosaccharides, and the requirements for selective stimulation were extended to include microbial groups other than, and additional to, bifidobacteria and lactob...
The emergence of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) offers promising opportunities to enhance traffic control and improve overall transportation system performance. However, the complexity and dynamic nature of modern traffic networks pose signi...
Locked and unlocked strategies are illustrated in this article as concepts that deal with important cognitive aspects of deep learning systems. They indicate different inference routines that refer to poor (locked) to rich (unlocked) cases of creativ...
The game of Go was the last great challenge for artificial intelligence in abstract board games. AlphaGo was the first system to reach supremacy, and subsequent implementations further improved the state of the art. As in chess, the fall of the human...
Video games are sometimes used as environments to evaluate AI agents’ ability to develop and execute complex action sequences to maximize a defined reward. However, humans cannot match the fine precision of the timed actions of AI agents; in ga...
Computer games have been regarded as an important field of artificial intelligence (AI) for a long time. The AlphaZero structure has been successful in the game of Go, beating the top professional human players and becoming the baseline method in com...
In prior studies, desynchronization of the induced alpha band (non-phase-locked but time-locked) has been observed across various cognitive tasks. Proposed hypotheses for the cognitive role of this alpha decrement include neural activation, an inhibi...
The human brain is constantly active, even at rest. Alpha coherence is an electroencephalography (EEG) rhythm that regulates functional connectivity between different brain regions. However, the relationships between resting-state alpha coherence and...
Due to the complexity of search space and move evaluation, the game of Go has been a long-standing challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve a high level of proficiency. It was not until DeepMind proposed the deep neural network and tree...
Developing AI algorithms for the game of Go has long been a challenging task. While tools such as AlphaGo have revolutionized gameplay, their focus on maximizing win rates often leads to moves that are incomprehensible to human players, limiting thei...
Truss layout optimization under complex constraints has been a hot and challenging problem for decades that aims to find the optimal node locations, connection topology between nodes, and cross-sectional areas of connecting bars. Monte Carlo Tree Sea...
Gomoku is a two-player board game that originated in ancient China. There are various cases of developing Gomoku using artificial intelligence, such as a genetic algorithm and a tree search algorithm. Alpha-Gomoku, Gomoku AI built with Alpha-Go’s alg...
The study of intelligent game-playing has gained tremendous attention in the past few decades. The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) players (e.g., the Go player AlphaGo) has made intelligent game-playing even more prominent in both...
Recently there has been an exponential increase in the use of artificial intelligence for trading in financial markets such as stock and forex. Reinforcement learning has become of particular interest to financial traders ever since the program Alpha...
Anomaly detection research was conducted traditionally using mathematical and statistical methods. This topic has been widely applied in many fields. Recently reinforcement learning has achieved exceptional successes in many areas such as the AlphaGo...
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has attracted strong interest since AlphaGo beat human professionals, and its applications in stock trading are widespread. In this paper, an enhanced stock trading strategy called Dual Action and Dual Environment De...
In the field of cognitive science, much research has been conducted on the diverse applications of artificial intelligence (AI). One important area of study is machines imitating human thinking. Although there are various approaches to development of...
Reactive and biased human decision-making during well construction operations can result in problems ranging from minor inefficiencies to events that can have far-reaching negative consequences for safety, environmental compliance and cost. A system...
Background: Studies investigating event-related potential (ERP) evoked in a Cue-Go/NoGo paradigm have shown lower frontal N1, N2 and central P3 in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children...
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that modulates the noradrenergic activity of the locus coeruleus (LC). Yet, there is still uncertainty about the most effective stimulation and relia...
(1) Background: The Go/NoGo task and color-word Stroop task were used to investigate the effect of applying different frequency bands of neural oscillations to the lDLPFC on inhibitory control modulation. (2) Methods: Participants were randomly categ...
While the training of professional sports athletes and the factors determining sports success are based on well-established scientific research, esports training and markers of esports performance are not yet fully recognized or explored. Knowledge o...
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of 2′-FL and GOS, individually and combined, in beneficially modulating the microbial composition of infant and toddler (12–18 months) feces using the micro-Matrix bioreacto...
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of guided imagery (GI) on attentional control and cognitive performance and to explore the relationship between guided imagery, stress reduction, alpha brainwave activity, and attentional...
Response inhibition has been widely explored using the stop signal paradigm in the laboratory setting. However, the mechanism that demarcates attentional capture from the motor inhibition process is still unclear. Error monitoring is also involved in...
Since biological applications and toxicity of graphene-based materials are structure dependent, studying their interactions with the biological systems is very timely and important. We studied short-term (1, 24, and 48 h) effects of ultrapure (GO) an...
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the major liver disease worldwide and is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. As alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS) from legumes have been shown to reduce body weight and hyperp...
This study builds on the early brain dynamics work of Erol Başar, focusing on the human electroencephalogram (EEG) in relation to the generation of event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour. Scalp EEG contains not only oscillations but non-w...
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that using a new manufacturing technology to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-fortified oolong (GO) tea could relieve human stress and exert versatile physiological benefits. The purpose of this human study...
Methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GO) are suggested to be associated with the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, their peripheral levels in relation to cognitive decline and their effects on key factors in neuronal cells are poorly...
Background: Asymmetrical brain oscillations may be characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigated differences in oscillation asymmetry between individuals with PD and healthy controls and explored associations between the asymmetry...
Auditory alarms are used to direct people’s attention to critical events in complicated environments. The capacity for identifying the auditory alarms in order to take the right action in our daily life is critical. In this work, we investigate...
In isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarcted rats, garlic oil (GO) and its main ingredient, diallyl disulfide (DADS), were examined for cardioprotective effects when used with carvedilol (CAR). GO, DADS and CAR were given to rats in their respe...
Background: Nutritional supplements, such as bovine lactoferrin (bLF), have been studied for their immunomodulatory properties, but little is known of their effect on the gut microbiota composition of the elderly when supplemented alone or combined w...
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects fibroblasts via an interaction of its envelope glycoprotein gO with the cellular platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), and soluble derivatives of this receptor can inhibit viral entry. We aim...
6 March 2023
Sleep deprivation leads to reduced inhibitory control in individuals. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on inhibitory control and...
Opioid use disorder (OUD)-associated overdose deaths have reached epidemic proportions worldwide over the past two decades, with death rates for men reported at twice the rate for women. Using a controlled, cross-sectional, age-matched (18–56 y...
Much evidence shows that music training influences the development of functional brain organization and cerebral asymmetry in an auditory-motor integrative neural system also associated with language and speech. Such overlap suggests that music train...
A new Type-II generalized progressively hybrid censoring strategy, in which the experiment is ensured to stop at a specified time, is explored when the lifetime model of the test subjects follows a two-parameter alpha-power inverted exponential (Alph...
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that manifests through motor and non-motor symptoms. Understanding the alterations in brain connectivity associated with PD remains a challenge that is crucial for...
Breast milk is rich in bioactive components, especially human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are crucial for establishing gut microbiota. The 2′-FL (2-Fucosyllactose), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in breast milk, functions as a sele...
Background: Perceptual awareness refers to the conscious detection and identification of a sensory event. In electrophysiological studies, it is associated with a modality-specific negative-going event-related potential, which can be observed as earl...
Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the goose embryo transcriptome during feather development. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to find the transcriptome profiles of feather follicles from three stages of embryonic dorsal skin...
Cognitive development is defined as the capacity of a child to think, reason, and use language, which are all vital to their overall growth. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder. Though severa...
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged. Although the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the lungs, it can also affect the brain and induce neurological...
Neuronal cell death in the central nervous system has always been a challenging process to decipher. In normal physiological conditions, neuronal cell death is restricted in the adult brain, even in aged individuals. However, in the pathological cond...
The labeling-free and immobilization-free homogeneous aptamer sensor offers advantages including simple operation, low cost, and high sensitivity, demonstrating great potential in rapid detection of tumor biomarkers in biological samples. In this wor...
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