To address the challenges posed by increased power consumption in traditional active relays and the difficulties associated with countering channel fading for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs), we propose a dual-mode relay (DMR). This relay can...
The proper utilization of road information can improve the performance of relay-node selection methods. However, the existing schemes are only applicable to a specific road structure, and this limits their application in real-world scenarios where mo...
The signal quality in high-bandwidth free space optical (FSO) systems deteriorates due to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors. Employing techniques such as adaptive transmission and relay selection (RS) can mitigate their effects. This paper a...
In order to analyze the relay action process from an imaging perspective and further investigate the bounce phenomenon of relay contacts during the contact process, this paper utilizes a high-speed shooting platform to capture images of relay action....
Relay protection equipment is important to ensure the safe and stable operation of power systems. The risks should be evaluated, which are caused by the failure of relay protection. At present, the fault data and the fault status monitoring informati...
Magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) systems with multi-relay coupling structures can significantly extend the transmission distance. However, system performance is highly sensitive to the spatial positions and coupling cond...
This paper investigates adaptive power splitting (PS) for amplify-and-forward (AF) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) relay systems operating over independent Rayleigh fading channels. Unlike conventional PS schemes optimize...
In order to meet the demand for large-scale device access in Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and to overcome the problem that some resources are wasted due to the use of single decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF) collaboration...
Maintaining reliable communication while ensuring collision-free motion is a central challenge for mobile relay robots operating in indoor disaster environments, where abrupt non-line-of-sight (NLOS) degradation and narrow structural bottlenecks can...
Task scheduling in data relay satellite networks (DRSNs) is subject to dynamic disruptions such as resource failures, sudden surges in task demands, and variations in service duration requirements. These disturbances may degrade the performance of pr...
Post-disaster rescue scenarios often involve complex and variable terrains, imposing heterogeneous mobility requirements on different transport modes. Single-type vehicles face challenges in independently completing comprehensive rescue tasks. This s...
This paper proposes an adaptive protection scheme (APS) based on the original heap-based optimization (HBO) and a modified HBO (MHBO). APS is used to solve protection relays coordination problems that include directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) as...
In this paper, we analyze the performance of a dual-hop cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system with beamforming under different adaptive transmission techniques over
Maintaining proper operation of adaptive protection schemes is one of the main challenges that must be considered for smart grid deployment. The use of reliable cyber detection and protection systems boosts the preparedness potential of the network a...
As a cellular network of the fifth generation (5G) is commercialized, mobile devices and data throughput have rapidly increased. According to the spatial density for communication increases, the nodes of cell are overloaded. Therefore, the heterogene...
To meet the increased customer demands, microgrid evolved. The structure of microgrid changes dynamically due to the intermittent nature of renewable-based generation, status of the distributed generator and opening of breakers for fault/maintenance....
The inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER) in Microgrids (MGs) comes at the expense of increased changes in current direction and magnitude. In the autonomous mode of MG operation, the penetration of synchronous distributed generators (DGs)...
Underwater wireless networking is an emerging field for exploration and monitoring, enabling real-time data transmission and communication with both static sensors and submersibles. Current approaches mostly focus on utilizing acoustic waves. The use...
The accelerating integration of inverter-based resources (IBR) and distributed generation (DG)—with IBR penetration now exceeding 40% in many distribution networks and fault-current contribution curtailed to 1.0–1.5 p.u. versus 5–10...
The relay coordination problem is of dire importance as it is critical to isolate the faulty portion in a timely way and thus ensure electrical network security and reliability. Meanwhile a relay protection optimization problem is highly constraint a...
In this paper, we consider a novel cooperative underlay cognitive radio network based on non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) with adaptive relay selection and power allocation. In secondary networks, dedicated relay assistance and user assistanc...
The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network is visualized to offer many types of services with low latency requirements in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, the computational capabilities of IoT nodes are not enough to process complex tasks...
Introducing collaborative relay and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) techniques into a cognitive wireless network, named the SWIPT-enabled cognitive relay network (CRN), is considered a promising approach to deal with insu...
Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the emerging technologies for 4G/5G applications. Cooperative relay communications and network coding are some techniques that helped in enhancing the CR applications. This paper considers a primary broadcasting system...
Efficient and scalable quantum key scheduling remains a critical challenge in trusted-relay Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks due to imbalanced key resource utilization, dynamic key consumption, and topology-induced congestion. This paper prese...
The goal of this review paper will be to address complex optimization functions in the area of overcurrent relay optimization, to inspect and valorize their objectives and to critically examine their application in real distribution networks. Special...
Conventional protection schemes in the distribution system are liable to suffer from high penetration of renewable energy source-based distributed generation (RES-DG). The characteristics of RES-DG, such as wind turbine generators (WTGs), are stochas...
AC microgrids with high penetration of inverter-based distributed energy resources (IBDERs) introduce major protection challenges due to reduced fault current levels, bidirectional power flows, and control-dependent fault behavior. Under these condit...
The drastic consequences of emergencies force us to look for ways to increase the stability of the device operation at overhead power transmission lines (OHPTL). It can be achieved by developing new algorithms for determining the protection operation...
In this research paper, an adaptive and intelligent protection scheme is developed that brings selectivity and sensitivity to the conventional overcurrent relays considering the changes in grid topologies, changes in grid operation modes, and changes...
Guaranteeing the effective coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) within microgrids (MGs) is a complex nonlinear problem due to bidirectional power flows, varying fault current levels, and the need for adaptive operation across multip...
Grid-following photovoltaic (PV) inverters inject fault currents whose magnitude and phase are set by the control mode active during the disturbance, so directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) settings coordinated for one inverter response can miscoordi...
This work proposes a smart protection system for microgrids, which relies on an adaptive metaheuristic for the automatic calculation of optimal settings for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). The adaptive fuzzy directional bat algorithm (AFDBA)...
Generally, the fault current supplied by inverter-based renewable energy sources (IBRES) and electrical storage systems (ESS) is about 1.2 to 2 times their rated current and much lower than synchronous generators because the former acts as a current...
Energy imbalance and costly long-distance communication remain limitations of chain-based routing in energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. Energy imbalance is still a problem even though PEGASIS reduces transmission distance through chain-base...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)—through a surgically implanted electrode to the subthalamic nucleus (STN)—has become a widely used therapeutic option for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and other neurological disorders. The standa...
A significant challenge for designing a coordinated and effective protection architecture of a microgrid (MG) is the aim of an efficient, reliable, and fast protection scheme for both the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. To this end, b...
The integration of distributed generation (DG) into a distribution network changes the network’s topology. Three-stage current protection for a radial distribution network cannot meet the requirements of relay protection for a distribution netw...
This paper investigates two-phase non-orthogonal decode-and-forward (DF) relaying for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) over fading channels. The source transmits in both phases, while the relay forwards the decoded informa...
This study investigates the electromagnetic performance of two carbon fiber monopole antennas integrated into a UAV copter frame, with emphasis on design adaptation, impedance matching, and propagation behavior. A comprehensive experimental campaign...
Energy harvesting (EH) is an emerging technology for enabling sustainable wireless communication in sixth-generation (6G) networks, particularly for energy-constrained network nodes that are difficult to maintain or recharge. In this paper, we propos...
This paper presents cooperative transmission (CT), where multiple relays are used to achieve array and diversity gains, as an enabling technology for Internet of Things (IoT) networks with hardware-limited devices. We investigate a channel coding aid...
Integration of distributed generators (DGs) into a distribution network (DN) can cause coordination challenges of overcurrent relays (OCRs) because of different fault-current contributions of DGs as well as the directional change in fault currents. T...
This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme (APS) for solving the coordination problem that deals with coordination directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays second zone time, in relation to coordination with DOCRs. The coordin...
This paper investigates the problem of coordinated resource allocation for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to address the scarcity of communication resources in disaster-affected areas. UAVs carrying modules of free space optical (FSO) and r...
Modulation categorization, which is a significant duty performed by smart receivers, is critical for applications in both the military and civilian sectors. This research topic has been intensively investigated for single-hop wireless communications....
In this paper, we study a cognitive relay Internet of Things (IoT) network aided by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple antennas. The UAV performs relaying for secondary communication under stringent interference constraints impos...
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, distributed generation, and advanced control technologies has transformed microgrids into complex, dynamic systems that pose significant challenges for protection coordination. This paper presen...
The development of modern power systems is directly related to changes in the traditional principles of management, planning, and monitoring of electrical modes. The mass introduction of renewable energy sources and control devices based on power ele...
The renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) implementation in power systems has been an active research area during the last few decades due to several environmental, economic and political factors. Although the integration of DG offers ma...
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