Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists are important drugs in our armamentarium of treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, they have effects...
Background: Guidelines differ with regard to indications for initial combination pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of (i) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor combination therapy in treatment-na...
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, whether SGLT2 inhibito...
Patients with diabetes mellitus can experience hyperglycemia, which affects brain function and produces cognitive impairment or neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is an important cause of cognitive dysfunction. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2...
SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) block renal glucose reabsorption. Due to the unexpected beneficial observations in type 2 diabetic patients potentially related to increased natriuresis, SGLT2i are also studied for heart failure treatment. This study aimed...
Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical course and outcomes of DKA in T2DM patients who received treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors versus those who did not. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on T2DM patients who were admitted to the...
Background and Objectives: SGLT2 inhibitors are foundational in heart failure therapy, yet their impact on left ventricular (LV) remodeling immediately following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains less defined. This study evaluated the association...
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new glucose-lowering agents that have been proven to be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. However, the possible protective effects of car...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an uncontrolled increase in blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in cells of various tissues. Vascular complications in T2DM have an inflammatory nature. Drugs with different mechanisms of ac...
Background/Objectives: Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiorenal outcomes in patients with diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Their association with perioperative outcomes after major cardiac procedures r...
Background/Objectives: Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control, yet the specific biological pathways potentially linking SGLT2 inhibitor exposure to cardiovascular outc...
Background and Objectives: Patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain at high risk for adverse outcomes despite successful procedures. Sodium–glucose cotrans...
Background/Objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide well-established cardiovascular and renal benefits in heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although emerging trials suggest pote...
Background: The impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) on the right ventricular (RV) systolic function using advanced echocardiographic analysis among outpatients with heart failure...
Background: Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of their glucose-lowering and cardioprotective effects. However, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) is an unco...
Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in the setting of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), chronic viral hepatitis, advanced fibrosis,...
Background and Objective: To compare longitudinal changes in serum C-peptide during dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor versus sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes and to evaluate whether baseline C-p...
Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may have anti...
Much of the patient data recorded in electronic health records is stored as unstructured free text. Extracting medication information from such data is essential, particularly for antidiabetic drugs such as sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2...
Selective sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in large-scale clinical trials. The exact mechanism of action is currently unclear. T...
Background/Objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are increasingly used for heart failure and chronic kidney disease beyond type 2 diabetes, increasing exposure among people without diabetes. Ketoacidosis is a recognized compli...
Background: Hyperuricemia has long been linked to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), although the role of serum uric acid (sUA) reduction in kidney preservation remains uncertain. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key contributors to the development and progression of DKD, making them potential targets for therapeut...
Background and Objectives: Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion, but the relationship between glycosuria and findings supporting urinary tract infection (UTI) remains unclear. We evaluated associa...
Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have proven beneficial in chronic heart failure (HF) across a wide range of left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs). Emerging data suggests that these benefits may extend to acute...
Background: Decreased insulin clearance could be a relatively upstream abnormality in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Previous studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) increases insu...
Background: Heart failure patients are frequently prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors, but the incremental real-world benefit of adding GLP-1 receptor agonists is uncertain. Methods: A retrospective propensity-matched cohort study was conducted using the Tri...
Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) have been linked to a considerable reduction in cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise molecular mechanisms are still elusive. We aimed to evaluate the eff...
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) exert significant cardiovascular and heart failure benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and can help reduce cardiac arrhythmia incidence in clinical practice. However, its effect on regu...
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently coexist in older adults. Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended for renal and heart protection, yet their use in routine care r...
This paper presents a review of studies on SGLT protein inhibitors, based on literature published between 2000 and 2025, sourced from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The individual isoforms of SGLT proteins are briefly...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are gaining ground as standard therapy for heart failure with a class-I recommendation in the recently updated heart failure guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology. Different gliflozins ha...
Background/Objectives: The rising global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) demands multifaceted and more effective treatment strategies beyond monotherapy to achieve optimal metabolic control. The study aimed to evaluate the integrated effect...
A relationship between metabolic disorders and hyperuricemia is well established. The nature of the relationship—risk factor, causal agent, or byproduct—remains unclear. Recent studies of sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL...
Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment. SGLT2 inhibitors (Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Sotagliflozin) are newer hypoglycemic agents with many pleiotropic effects. I...
The sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin is increasingly used in the treatment of diabetes and heart failure. Dapagliflozin has been associated with reduced incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in clinical trials. We hypot...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have a variety of cardiovascular and renoprotective effects and have been developed as novel agents for the treatment of heart failure. However, the beneficial mechanisms of SGLT2i on cardiac tissue...
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, also called gliflozins or flozins, are a class of drugs that have been increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their glucose-lowering, cardiovascular (CV)...
Background/Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexists with heart failure (HF) and can complicate the interpretation of symptoms, biomarker profiles, and clinical deterioration. Its prognostic significance at the time of s...
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Glycemic and blood pressure (BP) control are important but not sufficient to attenuate the incidence and progression of DN. Sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2...
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have substantially reshaped the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), owing not only to their glucose-lowering properties but also to their consistent cardiovascular and renal protectiv...
Recent clinical studies have revealed the treatment of diabetic patients with sodium glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitors to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. Using nicotinamide and streptozotocin (NA/STZ) -treated ApoE KO mice, we...
Diabetes is a complex global healthcare burden involving multiple organ systems with its prevalence on the rise. SGLT2 inhibitors enhance glucose excretion. The objective of our literature review was to determine the association between cutaneous adv...
Background: This retrospective study evaluated the short-term effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin on laboratory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over six months. Methods: Data were obtained from electronic health reco...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral glucose-lowering agents. Apart from their glucose-lowering effects, large clinical trials assessing certain SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed cardiac and renal protective effects...
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antihyperglycemic agents by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Besides improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, they also have add...
Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), originally developed for type II diabetes mellitus, have recently been approved for the treatment of heart failure in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients due to their significant cardiovascular...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, initially developed for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, have demonstrated substantial renal and cardiovascular protective effects across various chronic kidney diseases (CKD), including glomeru...
Globally, diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of kidney disease, with a critical percent of patients approaching end-stage kidney disease. In the current era, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as phenomenal agents in h...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects nearly 7% of the world’s population and is a significant contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Historically, the pharmacologic therapy of cardiovascular disease has centered...
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