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217 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
15,894 Views
16 Pages

Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security

  • Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye,
  • Ahmad Dokoro Haruna,
  • Abdullahi Abubakar,
  • Noah Oluwatobi Akande and
  • Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani

5 December 2019

The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still bei...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,462 Views
15 Pages

5 December 2020

A novel graphene-oxide-derived material was synthesized after modification of graphene oxide with sodium hydroxide and used for the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) of different elements (Pb, Cd, Ba, Zn, Cu and Ni) prior to their determinati...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,764 Views
21 Pages

Study of Static and Dynamic Properties of Sand under Low Stress Compression

  • Vladimir Frid,
  • Stelios M. Potirakis and
  • Semen Shulov

7 April 2021

The aim of this work was to investigate a wide range of grain sizes of sand in the pre-yield regime during compression through the combined study of ultrasound (US) wave speed and acoustic emission (AE). The specific study was performed using modifie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
2,749 Views
15 Pages

19 July 2022

The incorporation of nitrogen as a second anion species into oxide glasses offers unique opportunities for modifying glass properties via changes in glass polymerization and structure. In this work, the compositional dependence of elastic properties...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
3,531 Views
14 Pages

9 September 2020

The accurate localization of an acoustic emission (AE) source is a vital aspect of AE nondestructive testing technology. A model of wave velocity attenuation caused by the extension of transmission distance is established to analyze the attenuation o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,205 Views
33 Pages

Many Internet of Things (IoT) devices use an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to secure data stored and transmitted during the communication process. The AES algorithm often suffers DC (DC) attacks. Little has been done to prevent DC atta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,828 Views
12 Pages

14 April 2023

Segregation of foreign atoms on a solid substrate in a liquid metal modifies the geometry and chemistry of the substrate surface and, correspondingly, its potency to nucleate a solid metal. We here investigate the effects of the segregation of alkali...

  • Correction
  • Open Access
1,169 Views
2 Pages

To make the sentences clearer and easier for readers to read, the grammatical format of some sentences has been modified, as follows:Change “on the prevalence of AEs and incidents” into “on the prevalence and incidence of AEs &rdquo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,993 Views
16 Pages

Acoustic Emission Study on the Damage Evolution of a Corroded Reinforced Concrete Column under Axial Loads

  • Ye Chen,
  • Shuang Zhu,
  • Shenghua Ye,
  • Yifeng Ling,
  • Dan Wu,
  • Geqiang Zhang,
  • Nianfu Du,
  • Xianyu Jin and
  • Chuanqing Fu

15 January 2021

In this paper, the damage of a reinforced concrete (RC) column with various levels of reinforcement corrosion under axial loads is characterized using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Based on the AE rate process theory, a modified damage evolut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,261 Views
19 Pages

13 December 2022

AES is the most widely used secret-key cryptosystem in industry, and determining the security of AES is a central problem in cryptanalysis. The mixture differential property proposed in Eurocrypt 2017 is an essential property to setup state-of-the-ar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,307 Views
14 Pages

24 April 2024

Prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) affects cognitive development. However, it is unclear whether prenatal AE influences the metabolic health of offspring and whether postnatal AE exacerbates metabolic deterioration resulting from prenatal AE. Choline is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
719 Views
14 Pages

Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Modified Phosphogypsum at Different Loading Rates

  • Bo Zhang,
  • Ji Zhang,
  • Qiaoli Le,
  • Duoduo Wang,
  • Jiangtao Ding and
  • Chaohua Xu

26 May 2025

Modified phosphogypsum (MPG) is a new type of solid waste, which could show unique mechanical properties in complex stress conditions. In this study, the effects of different loading rates (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 MPa/s) on the mechanical properties an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
578 Views
24 Pages

4 November 2025

The electronic effects of Lewis acids (LAs) in reducing the activation energies of Alder-ene (AE) reactions have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). To this end, the AE reactions of 2-methylbutadiene (2MBD) with formalde...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,039 Views
14 Pages

Most people have no problems when administered vaccines; however, as with all drugs, reported adverse effects (rAEs) do occur. There is a need to better understand the potential predictors of reported vaccine AEs (rVaxAEs), including modifiable (envi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,242 Views
11 Pages

Preventable Adverse Events in Obstetrics—Systemic Assessment of Their Incidence and Linked Risk Factors

  • Beate Hüner,
  • Christina Derksen,
  • Martina Schmiedhofer,
  • Sonia Lippke,
  • Wolfgang Janni and
  • Christoph Scholz

(1) Background: Adverse events (AEs) are an inherent part of all medical care. Obstetrics is special: it is characterized by a very high expectation regarding safety and has rare cases of harm, but extremely high individual consequences of harm. Howe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,589 Views
16 Pages

27 April 2022

This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,651 Views
16 Pages

An Integrated Approach to Real-Time Acoustic Emission Damage Source Localization in Piled Raft Foundations

  • Yong-Min Kim,
  • Gyeol Han,
  • Hyunwoo Kim,
  • Tae-Min Oh,
  • Jin-Seop Kim and
  • Tae-Hyuk Kwon

5 December 2020

Acoustic emission (AE) has garnered significant interest as a promising way to detect the early-stage development of internal cracks and damage in underground and geotechnical structures, associated with natural disasters. Meanwhile, AE source locali...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
2,904 Views
17 Pages

9 May 2020

This paper focuses on the fracture damage characteristics of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified SMA-13 specimens with basalt fiber under various freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. SBS-modified stone mastic asphalt (SMA)-13 specimens with basalt fiber we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
2,762 Views
15 Pages

Damage Progress Classification in AlSi10Mg SLM Specimens by Convolutional Neural Network and k-Fold Cross Validation

  • Claudia Barile,
  • Caterina Casavola,
  • Giovanni Pappalettera and
  • Vimalathithan Paramsamy Kannan

23 June 2022

In this study, the damage evolution stages in testing AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process are identified using Acoustic Emission (AE) technique and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). AE signals generated durin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,028 Views
16 Pages

Safety Profile of Biologics Used in Rheumatology: An Italian Prospective Pharmacovigilance Study

  • Maria Antonietta Barbieri,
  • Giuseppe Cicala,
  • Paola Maria Cutroneo,
  • Elisabetta Gerratana,
  • Caterina Palleria,
  • Caterina De Sarro,
  • Ada Vero,
  • Luigi Iannone,
  • Antonia Manti and
  • Edoardo Spina
  • + 3 authors

24 April 2020

Post-marketing surveillance activities are essential to detect the risk/benefit profile of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate adverse events (AEs) in patients trea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,183 Views
22 Pages

2 May 2025

A theoretical model is presented for the accurate detection of a gas leak source through a pinhole in a cylindrical storage vessel using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pinholes of various diameters ranging from 0.20 to 1.2 mm were installed as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,354 Views
12 Pages

Real-World Safety Profile of Biologics Used in Rheumatology: A Six-Year Observational Pharmacovigilance Study in the Calabria Region

  • Agnese Gagliardi,
  • Francesco Salvatore Iaquinta,
  • Rosa Daniela Grembiale,
  • Caterina De Sarro,
  • Antonio Fabiano,
  • Domenico Fraija,
  • Caterina Palleria,
  • Rossella Romeo,
  • Adele Emanuela De Francesco and
  • Giovambattista De Sarro
  • + 4 authors

Background: The introduction of biological agents into the clinical armamentarium has modified the management of moderate-severe inflammatory arthritis (IA). However, these drugs can lead to serious adverse events (SAEs) and unpredictable adverse eve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
12,194 Views
22 Pages

A Low Area High Speed FPGA Implementation of AES Architecture for Cryptography Application

  • Thanikodi Manoj Kumar,
  • Kasarla Satish Reddy,
  • Stefano Rinaldi,
  • Bidare Divakarachari Parameshachari and
  • Kavitha Arunachalam

21 August 2021

Nowadays, a huge amount of digital data is frequently changed among different embedded devices over wireless communication technologies. Data security is considered an important parameter for avoiding information loss and preventing cyber-crimes. Thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,410 Views
13 Pages

Prognostic Impact of Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Events Depends on Nutritional Status in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

  • Shoichiro Hirata,
  • Yoshiyasu Kono,
  • Emi Tanaka,
  • Masahiko Sue,
  • Yasuto Takeuchi,
  • Tomoki Yoshikawa,
  • Yoshie Maki,
  • Tomohiro Kamio,
  • Daisuke Kametaka and
  • Motoyuki Otsuka
  • + 6 authors

12 August 2025

Background: Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events (GI-irAEs) are recognized complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but their prognostic relevance and associated risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to assess whether b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,327 Views
13 Pages

Association between Adverse Events and Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

  • Shigeo Shimose,
  • Hideki Iwamoto,
  • Masatoshi Tanaka,
  • Takashi Niizeki,
  • Masahiko Kajiwara,
  • Satoshi Itano,
  • Etsuko Moriyama,
  • Tomotake Shirono,
  • Yu Noda and
  • Takumi Kawaguchi
  • + 4 authors

1 September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between adverse events (AEs) and overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo/beva). This was a multicenter study in which...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,451 Views
23 Pages

14 November 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) devices increasingly contribute to critical infrastructures, necessitating robust security measures. LoRaWAN, a low-power IoT network, employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a 128-bit key for encryption and integ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,097 Views
14 Pages

9 May 2024

This research investigates the mechanical behavior and damage evolution in cross-ply basalt fiber composites subjected to different loading modes. A modified Arcan rig for simultaneous acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was designed and manufactured t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,648 Views
14 Pages

11 December 2024

In order to investigate the mechanism of mechanical performance enhancement and the curing mechanisms of acrylate emulsion (AE) in cement and magnesium slag (MS) composite-stabilized soil (AE-C-M), this study has conducted a comprehensive analysis of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,072 Views
18 Pages

A Novel Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Formulation Mitigates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model

  • Besir Er,
  • Busra Ozmen,
  • Emre Sahin,
  • Cemal Orhan,
  • Nurhan Sahin,
  • Abhijeet A. Morde,
  • Muralidhara Padigaru and
  • Kazim Sahin

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a well-known adaptogenic herb traditionally used to enhance sleep quality and mitigate stress-induced cognitive decline. This study investigated the effects of different doses of ashwagandha root extract (AE) formu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,854 Views
16 Pages

Design and Synthesis In Silico Drug-like Prediction and Pharmacological Evaluation of Cyclopolymethylenic Homologous of LASSBio-1514

  • Lidia Moreira Lima,
  • Tiago Fernandes da Silva,
  • Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro,
  • Cristiane Aparecida-Silva,
  • Walfrido Bispo Júnior,
  • Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz,
  • Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira,
  • Gisele Zapata-Sudo and
  • Eliezer J. Barreiro

10 August 2021

Acylhydrazones are still an important framework to the design of new bioactive compounds. As treatment of chronic pain represents a clinical challenge, we decided to modify the structure of LASSBio-1514 (1), previously described as anti-inflammatory...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,253 Views
15 Pages

Course of Adverse Events during Short Treatment Regimen in Patients with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Burundi

  • François Ciza,
  • Tinne Gils,
  • Michel Sawadogo,
  • Tom Decroo,
  • Alberto Roggi,
  • Alberto Piubello and
  • Nimer Ortuño-Gutiérrez

16 June 2020

The introduction of the nine-month short-treatment regimen (STR) has drastically improved outcomes of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment. Adverse events (AE) commonly occur, including injectable-induced hearing loss. In Burundi we re...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
12,731 Views
28 Pages

Managing Select Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

  • Parneet K. Cheema,
  • Marco A. J. Iafolla,
  • Husam Abdel-Qadir,
  • Andrew B. Bellini,
  • Nazira Chatur,
  • Natasha Chandok,
  • Vikram R. Comondore,
  • Morven Cunningham,
  • Ilana Halperin and
  • Massey Nematollahi
  • + 8 authors

18 October 2024

The increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across cancer programs has created the need for standardized monitoring and management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Delayed recognition without appropriate treatment can have serio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
7,332 Views
18 Pages

21 May 2018

The acoustic emission (AE) method is useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite structures due to its high sensitivity and real-time capability. The main challenge, however, is how to classify the AE data into different failure mechan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,892 Views
11 Pages

Biologics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Practice: A Calabria (Southern Italy) Prospective Pharmacovigilance Study

  • Martina Tallarico,
  • Caterina Palleria,
  • Livia Ruffolo,
  • Rocco Spagnuolo,
  • Maria Diana Naturale,
  • Adele Emanuela De Francesco,
  • Caterina De Sarro,
  • Rossella Romeo,
  • Rita Citraro and
  • Giovambattista De Sarro
  • + 5 authors

Background: The use of immune-modifying biological agents has markedly changed the clinical course and the management of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Active post-marketing surveillance programs are fundamental to early recognize expected and u...

  • Guidelines
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,003 Views
12 Pages

A Guide to Implementing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors within a Cancer Program: Experience from a Large Canadian Community Centre

  • Parneet K. Cheema,
  • Marco A. J. Iafolla,
  • Massey Nematollahi,
  • FeRevelyn Berco,
  • Deepanjali Kaushik,
  • Priscilla Matthews,
  • William R. Raskin,
  • Kirstin A. Perdrizet,
  • Shaan Dudani and
  • Henry J. Conter
  • + 4 authors

4 February 2022

The increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors across cancer programs has created the need for standardized patient assessment, education, monitoring, and management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). At William Osler Health System in Bramp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,113 Views
17 Pages

29 September 2021

Many hacking incidents are linked to work files because most companies work with them. However, a variety of file encryption and decryption methods have been proposed. Existing file encryption/decryption technologies are under threat as hacking techn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,827 Views
17 Pages

13 May 2019

Leak detection and location in a gas distribution network are significant issues. The acoustic emission (AE) technique can be used to locate a pipeline leak. The time delay between two sensor signals can be determined by the cross-correlation functio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,756 Views
8 Pages

Comparison of Safety and Vector-Specific Immune Responses in Healthy and HIV-Infected Populations Vaccinated with MVA-B

  • Elvira Couto,
  • Vicenç Diaz-Brito,
  • Beatriz Mothe,
  • Alberto C. Guardo,
  • Irene Fernandez,
  • Ainoa Ugarte,
  • Flor Etcheverry,
  • Carmen E. Gómez,
  • Mariano Esteban and
  • Lorna Leal
  • + 6 authors

7 November 2019

There are few studies comparing the safety and immunogenicity of the same HIV immunogen in healthy volunteers and HIV-infected individuals. We analyzed demographics, adverse events (AEs), and immunogenicity against vaccinia virus in preventive (RISVA...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2,483 Views
10 Pages

Background: Spasticity, a hallmark of quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), severely impacts mobility and quality of life. While exercise is known to enhance fitness and motor function in individuals with CP, its specific efficacy in reducing upper extre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,785 Views
11 Pages

15 December 2022

Phosphorus is one of the main causes of water eutrophication. Hard biochar is considered a promising phosphate adsorbent, but its application is limited by its textural properties and low adsorption capacity. Here, an adhesion approach in a mixed sus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,410 Views
9 Pages

What Should General Practice Trainees Learn about Atopic Eczema?

  • Deepani Munidasa,
  • Antonia Lloyd-Lavery,
  • Susan Burge and
  • Tess McPherson

12 February 2015

Effective atopic eczema (AE) control not only improves quality of life but may also prevent the atopic march. The Royal College of General Practitioners’ (RCGP) curriculum does not currently provide specific learning outcomes on AE management. We ai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,928 Views
16 Pages

Statistical and Clustering Analysis of Safety Profiles of FDA-Approved Protein Kinase Inhibitors

  • Ioana Lavinia Radulian,
  • Georgiana Nitulescu,
  • Anca Zanfirescu and
  • George Mihai Nitulescu

17 December 2024

Protein kinases are vital regulators in cell biology, modifying protein functions through phosphorylation. Protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs), which impede these kinases’ activities, have broadened their therapeutic scope from cancer treatment to...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,735 Views
15 Pages

Adverse Events Reporting Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials of COVID-19 Vaccine Using the CONSORT Criteria for Reporting Harms: A Systematic Review

  • Cindra Tri Yuniar,
  • Bhekti Pratiwi,
  • Ardika Fajrul Ihsan,
  • Bambang Tri Laksono,
  • Iffa Risfayanti,
  • Annisa Fathadina,
  • Yeonseon Jeong and
  • Eunyoung Kim

17 February 2022

Background: Assessing the quality of evidence from vaccine clinical trials is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and further enhance public acceptance. This study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the quality of harm r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,328 Views
18 Pages

Therapeutic Modifications without Discontinuation of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Therapy Are Associated with Favorable Overall Survival and Time to Progression in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • Takayuki Tokunaga,
  • Masakuni Tateyama,
  • Yasuteru Kondo,
  • Satoshi Miuma,
  • Shiho Miyase,
  • Kentaro Tanaka,
  • Satoshi Narahara,
  • Hiroki Inada,
  • Sotaro Kurano and
  • Yasuhito Tanaka
  • + 6 authors

2 March 2023

We retrospectively evaluated the impact of therapeutic modifications of atezolizumab (Atezo) plus bevacizumab (Bev) therapy (Atezo/Bev), including the interruption or discontinuation of both Atezo and Bev, and the reduction or discontinuation of Bev,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
22,987 Views
17 Pages

Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry

  • Michael K. Appenteng,
  • Ritter Krueger,
  • Mitch C. Johnson,
  • Harrison Ingold,
  • Richard Bell,
  • Andrew L. Thomas and
  • C. Michael Greenlief

Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) are naturally occurring plant molecules (nitrogenous plant secondary metabolites) which consist of an aglycone and a sugar moiety. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from these compounds following enzymatic hydrolysis cau...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,481 Views
12 Pages

Multimarker Approach to Identify Patients with Coronary Artery Disease at High Risk for Subsequent Cardiac Adverse Events: The Multi-Biomarker Study

  • Georgiana-Aura Giurgea,
  • Katrin Zlabinger,
  • Alfred Gugerell,
  • Dominika Lukovic,
  • Bonni Syeda,
  • Ljubica Mandic,
  • Noemi Pavo,
  • Julia Mester-Tonczar,
  • Denise Traxler-Weidenauer and
  • Mariann Gyöngyösi
  • + 5 authors

15 June 2020

In our prospective non-randomized, single-center cohort study (n = 161), we have evaluated a multimarker approach including S100 calcium binding protein A12 (S100A1), interleukin 1 like-receptor-4 (IL1R4), adrenomedullin, copeptin, neutrophil gelatin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,431 Views
19 Pages

12 December 2024

Damage in composite laminates evolves through complex interactions of different failure modes, influenced by load type, environment, and initial damage, such as from transverse impact. This paper investigates damage growth in cross-ply polymeric matr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,233 Views
19 Pages

Autoencoder-Based Extrasystole Detection and Modification of RRI Data for Precise Heart Rate Variability Analysis

  • Koichi Fujiwara,
  • Shota Miyatani,
  • Asuka Goda,
  • Miho Miyajima,
  • Tetsuo Sasano and
  • Manabu Kano

7 May 2021

Heart rate variability, which is the fluctuation of the R-R interval (RRI) in electrocardiograms (ECG), has been widely adopted for autonomous evaluation. Since the HRV features that are extracted from RRI data easily fluctuate when arrhythmia occurs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,898 Views
16 Pages

A Low-Overhead Countermeasure against Differential Power Analysis for AES Block Cipher

  • Muhammad Asfand Hafeez,
  • Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi ,
  • Hassan Tariq,
  • Amer Aljaedi,
  • Asfa Javed and
  • Adel R. Alharbi

3 November 2021

This paper presents the employment of a DPA attack on the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standardized AES (advance encryption standard) protocol for key retrieval and prevention. Towards key retrieval, we applied the DPA attack...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,209 Views
14 Pages

24 October 2018

The wetting and nonwetting fluid saturations in porous reservoirs always change during long-term injection and production. The fracture process zone (FPZ) is a prominent feature in the rock fracture process. If the FPZ properties are influenced by po...

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