Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) archetypes extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/Albedo product over the global Earth Observing System Land Validation Core Sites can be used to simplify...
Many previous studies have attempted to extract prior reflectance anisotropy knowledge from the historical MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) product based on land cover or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data....
Surface albedo measures the proportion of incoming solar radiation reflected by the Earth’s surface. Accurate albedo retrieval from remote sensing data usually requires sufficient multi-angular observations to account for the surface reflectanc...
Understanding the variations in the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and albedo over snow surface under various conditions is important for interpreting the surface–atmosphere processes of the cryosphere, and the kernel-dr...
As the inherent attribute of land cover, anisotropy leads to the heterogeneity of directional reflection; meanwhile, it creates the opportunity for retrieving characteristics of land surface based on multi-angle observations. BRDF (Bidirectional Refl...
The Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 (HLS) project aims to generate a seamless surface reflectance product by combining observations from USGS/NASA Landsat-8 and ESA Sentinel-2 remote sensing satellites. These satellites’ sampling characteristics provid...
The leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important Earth surface parameters used in the modeling of ecosystems and their interaction with climate. Numerous vegetation indices have been developed to estimate the LAI. However, because of the effect...
Optical wavelength satellite data have directional reflectance effects over non-Lambertian surfaces, described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The Sentinel-2 multi-spectral instrument (MSI) acquires data over a 20.6° fi...
Traditional non-destructive measurement of surface roughness exploits complete data of bidirectional reflective distribution function (BRDF). The instrument is normally bulky and the process should be conducted off-line, hence it is time-consuming. I...
The surface scattering property is one of the important indicators of the optical properties of metal materials, which is of great significance for the development, processing, and application of optical devices. The bidirectional reflection distribu...
The surface of a complex material with a periodic structure is equivalent to the surface of a uniform material, and the measurement and data processing methods for the equivalent optical BRDF of a solar panel based on a large-scale spot are proposed....
Multi-angle remote sensing observations play an important role in the remote sensing of solar radiation absorbed by land surfaces. Currently, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VII...
Surface albedo, as a key parameter determining the partition of solar radiation at the Earth’s surface, has been developed into a satellite-based product from various Earth observation systems to serve numerous global or regional applications....
The Long Term Data Record (LTDR) project has the goal of developing a quality and consistent surface reflectance product from coarse resolution optical sensors. This paper focuses on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) part of the re...
The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is important for estimating the physical properties of a surface in remote sensing. In the laboratory, the BRDF can be estimated quickly and accurately using a goniometer, but it is very diff...
The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is a critical spatial distribution parameter in the quantitative research of remote sensing and has a wide range of applications in radiometric correction, elemental inversion, and surface fe...
The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of soils is frequently assumed to be Lambertian in remote sensing applications, even though many soils are observed to have a distinct backscatter. This is largely due to the difficulty of ob...
In rugged terrain, the accuracy of surface reflectance estimations is compromised by atmospheric and topographic effects. We propose a new method to simultaneously eliminate atmospheric and terrain effects in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images based...
Multi-angular remote sensing plays a critical role in the study domains of ecological monitoring, climate change, and energy balance. The successful retrieval of the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and albedo from multi...
The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of iridescent (or goniochromatic) surfaces may vary notably with both spectral and angular variables, and, therefore, finite spectral bandwidth and collection solid angles inherent to any mea...
Airborne hyper-spectral imaging has been proven to be an efficient means to provide new insights for the retrieval of biophysical variables. However, quantitative estimates of unbiased information derived from airborne hyperspectral measurements prim...
In the solar reflective band, an on-board calibration method based on a solar diffuser (SD) can realize full aperture, full field of view, and end-to-end absolute radiometric calibration of optical remote sensors. The SD’s bidirectional reflect...
We used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, processed by the multi–angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm, to investigate the sensitivity of seven vegetation indices (VIs) to bidirectional refle...
This paper presents a modified Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model based on the Cauchy–Lorentz distribution that accurately characterizes the reflected energy distribution of typical materials, such as metals and coatin...
Recently, much attention has been given to using geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) meteorological satellite data for retrieving land surface parameters due to their high observation frequencies. However, their bidirectional reflectance distribution fun...
Bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF) defines anisotropy of the surface reflection. It is required to specify the boundary condition for radiative transfer (RT) modeling used in aerosol retrievals, cloud retrievals, atmospheric model...
The original kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models were developed based on soil-vegetation systems. To further improve the ability of the models to characterize the snow surface scattering properties, a snow kern...
The optical properties of materials are essential for computer-based lighting simulation and computer vision tasks. They are commonly described by a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). This paper proposes a hypernetwork-based arch...
Methods that link different models for investigating the retrieval of canopy biophysical/structural variables have been substantially adopted in the remote sensing community. To retrieve global biophysical parameters from multiangle data, the kernel-...
With the rapid development of hyperspectral applications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the traditional assumption that ground objects exhibit Lambertian reflectance is no longer sufficient to meet the high-precision requirements for quantita...
High-resolution sensor Surface Reflectance (SR) data are affected by surface anisotropy but are difficult to adjust because of the low temporal frequency of the acquisitions and the low angular sampling. This paper evaluates five high spatial resolut...
A land-cover-based linear BRDF (bi-directional reflectance distribution function) unmixing (LLBU) algorithm based on the kernel-driven model is proposed to combine the compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) reflectance with the moderate resolu...
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging provides the ability to obtain high-resolution images at a lower cost than satellite imagery and aerial photography. However, multiple UAV images need to be mosaicked to obtain images of large areas, and the resu...
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of using bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) signatures captured by multi-angle observation data to enhance land cover classification and retrieve vegetation architectures. Considering...
With the growing global emphasis on space resources, the significance of space detection and surveillance technologies has escalated. Currently, space-based optical surveillance stands as the primary means for acquiring information on space objects....
A monthly mean land and snow Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) atlas for visible and near infrared parts of the spectrum has been developed for Radiative Transfer for Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational...
Row crops are regarded as a transitional type between continuous and discrete vegetation. Previous studies idealized row crops as periodic hedgerows with rectangular cross-sections. However, these models relied on oversimplified assumptions, failing...
Virtual plant models combined with ray-tracing simulations are an established tool for evaluating plant–light interactions. Current approaches often simplify leaf surface properties by assuming diffuse reflectance behavior, despite experimental...
Aerodynamic roughness (AR) is an important parameter that influences the momentum and energy exchange between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. In this study, profile wind data observed during the vegetation growing period (April–September) in...
The Day–Night Band (DNB) imaging sensor of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) adds nighttime monitoring capability to the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 20 weathe...
Imaging scatterometry is a method for determining the reflection distribution based on bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements. However, it has a well-known limitation that results obtained by imaging scatterometry for sma...
The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is usually used to describe the reflectance anisotropy of a non-Lambertian surface and estimate surface parameters. Among the BRDF models, the kernel-driven models have been extensively used...
Measurements of solar radiation reflected from Earth’s surface are the basis for calculating albedo, vegetation indices, and other terrestrial attributes. However, the “bi-directional” geometry of illumination and viewing (i.e., the Bi-directional Re...
The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument (GMI), on board the Chinese Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite, provides rich observation data for the global remote sensing of atmospheric CO2. To meet the high-precision satellite retrieval needs of atmospheric CO2...
Forest-canopy height is an important parameter for the estimation of forest biomass and terrestrial carbon flux and climate-change research at regional and global scales. Currently, various methods combining Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data w...
With the development of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) multiangle and multispectral observation, whether bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models are applicable to high spatial resolution has become the focus of researchers. Howe...
Multi-angular remote sensing observation contains crucial information on forest structure parameters. Here, our goal is to examine the ability of multi-angular indices, which are constructed by the typical-angular reflectances in red and NIR bands fr...
The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) defines the anisotropy of surface reflectance and plays a fundamental role in many remote sensing applications. This study proposes a new machine learning-based model for characterizing the B...
BRDF estimation aims to characterize the anisotropic behaviour of the observed surface, which is directly related to the type of surface. BRDF theoretical models are then used in the normalization of the satellite-derived observations to virtually re...
Tropical deep convective clouds (DCC) are an excellent invariant target for vicarious calibration of satellite visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) solar bands. The DCC technique (DCCT) is a statistical approach that collectively analyzes all identi...
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