2026 April - 81 articles
Background: Despite the introduction in 2017 of mandatory vaccination for the hexavalent and the measles–mumps–rubella–varicella vaccines, childhood vaccination coverage in Sicily (Italy) remains below the recommended and safety thr...
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease-related death globally. Most TB vaccine strategies have focused on conventional CD4 T cell responses, but to date, these have failed to deliver durable sterilizing protection. Donor unrestr...
Background: COVID-19 remains a substantial public health challenge in the Netherlands. Next-generation COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-1283, is approved in the European Union, with potential for higher relative vaccine efficacy compared with originally licens...
Objective: Influenza and pertussis vaccines are recommended during pregnancy; however, uptake remains insufficient in many European countries, increasing the risk of preventable infections. Recent recommendations for maternal respiratory syncytial vi...
Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major concern in public health, given its role as a persistent sexually transmitted infection and a causative agent of non-cancerous and cancerous lesions (neoplasms). The increasing in...
Background: Sustaining measles elimination in the post-elimination era presents increasing challenges due to global resurgence and waning vaccine-induced immunity. We aimed to evaluate epidemiological trends, vaccination strategies, and population im...
Background/Objectives: Influenza remains a primary cause of severe illness and death in adults over 60. In this group, immunosenescence and existing health conditions make infections more dangerous and traditional vaccines less effective. The MF59-ad...
Background: During the flu season, there is an increase in absenteeism due to illness, a drop in productivity, and a greater risk of the virus spreading among workers. Thus, the Italian Ministry of Health recommends vaccination for essential service...
Background: Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections and chronic airway disease, despite its clinical importance, no licensed vaccine is available, largely due to the extensive genetic and anti...
Background: Patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis experience a high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, and vaccine hypo-responsiveness is a key contributor. Uraemic toxins and gut dysbiosis are potential causes of hypo-responsiveness....
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, seniors, and immunocompromised individuals, contributing substantially to the global disease burden. Given the limited preventiv...
Respiratory infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need to better understand host defense mechanisms in the respiratory tract. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have challenged the tra...
One of the most critical aspects of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) and post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is the presence of autoantibodies. These autoantibodies are directed against various receptors in the autonomic and cardiovas...
Background/Objectives: Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, yet nationally representative data from Central Asia are scarce. Evidence on the multidimensional structure of vaccination attitudes and their social pa...
Background/Objectives: Meningococcal disease is primarily caused by serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y. Current US vaccination recommendations include routine serogroup A/C/W/Y (MenACWY) vaccination (ages 11–12 and 16 years) and a two-dose, 0-, 6-mon...
Background/Objectives: Reports on seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) coverage in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries showed lower than targeted coverage among high-risk populations both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent COVID-1...
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the Omicron LP.8.1 variant-adapted BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (LP.8.1-adapted BNT162b2). Methods: This analysis is part of an ongoing phase 3 open-label study evaluating the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerabil...
Background: Despite the effectiveness of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the genetic variability of the viral target has led to the emergence of variants capable of evading vaccine-induced protection. To ensure broader and more durable protection, we in...
Background/Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a leading cause of serious hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, with limited treatment options, especially for immunocompromised and critically ill patients. No lice...
Background/Objectives: Our previous study demonstrated that while the third SARS-CoV-2 booster effectively enhanced immunity against the Delta subvariant, its protection declined over time. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the humoral and cel...
Background/Objectives: Poorly soluble aluminium (Al) compounds have successfully been used for decades as adjuvants in vaccines, enabling an effective immune response. Yet the safety of Al exposure from vaccines is consistently questioned, especially...
Background: Since China incorporated the hepatitis B vaccine into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2002, the first cohort of infants to receive the full vaccination series has now reached college age. As vaccine-induced antibodies gradua...
Background: The steady increase in allergic diseases among children has coincided with increased global vaccination coverage and the expansion of routine childhood immunization programs. This has contributed to the widespread belief that there is a p...
Background/Objectives: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that, either acting alone or in concert with other bacterial or viral pathogens, is a major cause of the canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) complex in dogs....
Background: The 2024/25 influenza season in Hungary experienced a major surge in cases, the largest since the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in primary care settings among adults and vaccination target groups, an...
Background: Influenza causes substantial morbidity in young children, particularly those aged 6–35 months. In this age group, optimisation of vaccine dose regimens remains important to ensure adequate immunogenicity while maintaining acceptable...
Background: Parents serve as the primary decision-makers for childhood vaccination while also making decisions regarding their own vaccination, yet vaccination decision drivers are typically studied separately by vaccine type or target population. Me...
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) constitute a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it remains uncertain whether long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores sufficient immune competence to support robus...
Background/Objectives: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a major infectious disease of cattle caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2). Current inactivated and live attenuated vaccines provide incomplete cross-genotype...
Background: Annual influenza vaccination is a WHO-recommended strategy for preventing seasonal influenza and its associated severe complications in older adults. Nevertheless, influenza vaccine effectiveness is often reduced in the elderly population...
Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent severe disease in children, but high costs limit access. PCV10-SII (PNEUMOSIL), a 10-valent PCV prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, offers a cost-effective alternativ...
Background/Objectives: Prevention of virus-related cancers is a multifaceted process shaped by vaccination and public awareness. This study assessed awareness of virus–cancer relationships and willingness to vaccinate against a cancer-associate...
Background/Objectives: Sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonotic subcutaneous fungal infection with limited therapeutic options, highlighting the need for improved immunomodulatory strategies. CTLA-4 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that negatively re...
As a major source of animal protein, pork production is directly related to food safety [...]
Viral infections remain among the most persistent and evolving threats to global health [...]
Background: Understanding diverse psychological factors is crucial for promoting vaccination. This study focuses on psychological factors influencing HZ vaccination attitudes and intentions among older adults who have not yet received the HZ vaccine...
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine, underscoring the urgent need for the development of safe and effective vaccines. Objective:...
Background/Objectives: Cyclic dinucleotide stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have emerged as potential agents in cancer immunotherapy, but their clinical applications are limited by relatively poor pharmacokinetic properties. Methods: A...
Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Nigeria. In 2023, the Government of Nigeria, with support from Gavi and partners, introduced the single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine through a phas...
Vaccine performance in livestock and poultry often varies under field conditions. Conventional explanations, such as handling errors, cold-chain failures, or antigen mismatch do not fully account for inconsistent immunogenicity and durability. Increa...
Background/Objectives: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), involving subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) administration of the culprit allergen, is the only treatment capable of modifying the natural course of allergic diseases, and provides lasting b...
Background: Pertussis and influenza immunization during pregnancy protects both mother and infant through transplacental transfer of antibodies. However, global vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains suboptimal. Aim: This systematic review...
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted both the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines and the structural challenges associated with their supply chains. Unlike traditional vaccine platforms, mRNA vaccines depend on highly specialized raw materials, in...
Background: Liberia modernized vaccination data systems in 2023–2025 by piloting a District Health Information System (DHIS2)-based Digital Vaccination Registry (Electronic Immunization Registry, EIR) to address the limitations of paper-based w...
Background: Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease that causes approximately 59,000 human deaths worldwide each year. Current inactivated rabies vaccines require multiple doses and are associated with high costs. The full-length rabies virus glyco...
Background and Objectives: Recent evidence demonstrates additional survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCSC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, overall o...
Background: Childhood vaccination remains the cornerstone of public health strategies, substantially reducing global morbidity and mortality, yet suboptimal uptake persists in many settings. In South Africa, the challenge is evident, with persistent...
Dengue fever (DF) is an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Nearly 4 billion people worldwide are at risk of infection, and the 2024 epidemic reached an u...
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Egypt, yet pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are not included in the national immunization program. Recent commitments to domestic vaccine manufa...
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and poses a substantial disease burden to infants, older adults, and immunocompromised populations. Methods: In this study, a recombinant vaccinia...
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