Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccination Against Cancer and Chronic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1832

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hope Cancer Center, University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX, USA
Interests: lung cancer; immunotherapy; targeted therapy

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. School of Medicine, UC Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
2. Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCI Health, 200 S Manchester Ave, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868, USA
Interests: oncology; hematology; cancer vaccine; cancer immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We welcome contributions to our upcoming Special Issue, "Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions”.

This Special Issue solicits articles that critically analyze the evolving landscape of therapeutic cancer vaccine development, focusing on solid tumors and malignant hematology. This Special Issue will explore recent research initiatives and clinical trials implementing diverse vaccination strategies. By identifying the successes and challenges within this field, this Special Issue aims to enhance our understanding of how cancer vaccines can improve treatment outcomes, whether administered alone or combined with standard of care therapy and/or immunotherapy.

This Special Issue will encompass a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, highlighting completed and ongoing clinical trials, alongside insights from recognized experts in the field. It will detail various vaccination strategies, analyze the challenges and obstacles encountered, including issues related to efficacy and the specific patient populations that may respond favorably to vaccines, and delineate future directions to overcome these challenges within cancer vaccine development.

We welcome original research articles and review papers. Potential research areas include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Therapeutic vaccines in solid tumors;
  • Therapeutic vaccines in malignant hematology;
  • Immunotherapy and cancer vaccines;
  • Cancer vaccine clinical trials.

We look forward to your valuable contributions.

Prof. Dr. Erminia Massarelli
Prof. Dr. Victoria M. Villaflor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • therapeutic cancer vaccines
  • clinical trials
  • solid tumors
  • malignant hematology
  • peptide vaccines
  • DNA vaccines
  • vector vaccines
  • dendritic cell vaccines
  • allogenic vaccines
  • mRNA vaccines

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 1185 KB  
Review
Therapeutic Vaccines for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
by Michael Baliton, Duha Alfatlawi, Shirin Attarian, Rupali Nabar and Victoria Villaflor
Vaccines 2026, 14(4), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14040321 - 3 Apr 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recent evidence demonstrates additional survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCSC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, overall outcomes remain relatively stagnant despite this significant progress. Therapeutic vaccines are [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Recent evidence demonstrates additional survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCSC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, overall outcomes remain relatively stagnant despite this significant progress. Therapeutic vaccines are a promising adjunct to existing systemic therapy strategies in HNSCC and NPC. This review aims to summarize current evidence, review ongoing studies, and discuss areas of opportunity and potential future directions of vaccine therapy in this space. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted through database searches on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were stratified by tumor type, vaccine delivery platform, and early versus recurrent metastatic (RM) disease. Results: Therapeutic vaccines in combination with ICI for HPV-associated HNSCC have shown the most promise, though modest. Vaccine delivery in HPV-negative HNSCC and NPC are still in early development. Integration of therapeutic vaccines across these tumor types is challenged by immune escape mechanisms, lack of viable targets, and tumor heterogeneity. Conclusions: Early data suggest that therapeutic vaccines in combination with ICIs may offer additional benefit in the treatment of HNSCC and NPC, especially in RM HPV-associated HNSCC. Future efforts should validate these early findings through phase 3 trials. Data regarding therapeutic vaccines combined with chemotherapy or radiation is limited but may also provide additional benefit. Full article
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