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Vaccines
Special Issues
The Development of mRNA Vaccines
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The Development of mRNA Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Nucleic Acid (DNA and mRNA) Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2080

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Minghui Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: infectious disease; mRNA vaccine; coronavirus; immunology; adjuvant
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuming Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
Interests: vaccine; virus–host interactions; antiviral immunity; coronavirus; enterovirus
Dr. Bo Hu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: nucleic acid therapeutics; lipid nanoparticle; targeting delivery; cancer; immunoregulation; vaccines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

mRNA vaccines have emerged as a transformative platform in modern medicine, demonstrating remarkable success in combating infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and RSV. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in mRNA vaccine research, encompassing a wide range of applications, from infectious disease prevention to tumor immunity. Topics of interest include innovative mRNA delivery systems that enhance stability and efficiency, novel vaccine designs targeting emerging pathogens and cancer antigens, and the development of next-generation adjuvants to optimize immune responses. Additionally, we welcome studies addressing manufacturing scalability, regulatory challenges, and strategies to broaden mRNA vaccine accessibility. By showcasing cutting-edge research, this Special Issue seeks to advance the field and inspire new approaches to address global health challenges.

Dr. Minghui Yang
Dr. Yuming Li
Dr. Bo Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticle delivery system
  • mRNA vaccines
  • infectious disease
  • tumor immunity
  • adjuvant

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3801 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Twelve-Month Storage Stability Studies of a Lyophilized Rabies mRNA Vaccine
by Chen Chen, Dandan Ling, Kai Ji, Liang Tang, Xiaojing Zhang, Xishan Lu, Xuemei Leng, Changyao Tan, Hongchao Wu, Wenqiang Pang, Quanren He, Jerry Zhang, Peng Gao, Xiaotao Wang, Linhui Wang and Bo Ying
Vaccines 2025, 13(7), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13070743 - 10 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background: Many new mRNA-based vaccine candidates in liquid mRNA-LNP formulations are under development; however, their stability limitations necessitate frozen storage, posing a significant challenge for long-term storage and transportation. Methods: In this study, an mRNA-LNP rabies vaccine, ABO1005, was prepared, freeze-dried and stored [...] Read more.
Background: Many new mRNA-based vaccine candidates in liquid mRNA-LNP formulations are under development; however, their stability limitations necessitate frozen storage, posing a significant challenge for long-term storage and transportation. Methods: In this study, an mRNA-LNP rabies vaccine, ABO1005, was prepared, freeze-dried and stored at 2–8 °C for 12-month storage stability evaluation. The immunogenicity, vaccine potency (the NIH method), and protective efficacy of ABO1005 were assessed in mice or dogs and compared to a commercialized inactivated vaccine. Results: Research conducted in mice indicated that the lyophilized vaccine exhibited comparable immunogenicity to its liquid form counterpart. Furthermore, the vaccine candidate elicited a robust humoral response lasting at least 175 days, and the specific antibody titers were not affected by the pre-administration of hyperimmune serum. In comparison to the commercialized inactivated vaccine (HDCV or PVRV), ABO1005 elicited significantly higher levels of humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccine potency testing (NIH) revealed that the potency of ABO1005 at 15 μg/dose was 8.85 IU/dose, which is substantially higher than the standard required for the lot release of rabies vaccines for current human use. In a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) study in Beagle dogs, the lyophilized vaccine provided 100% protection for dogs following a two-dose regimen (D0-D7), whereas commercially approved inactivated vaccine offered 83% protection. After storage at 2–8 °C for 12 months, no notable changes were observed in the particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and integrity of mRNA or in the immunogenicity of the lyophilized vaccine. Conclusions: This study successfully developed a formulation and process of freeze-drying for a rabies mRNA vaccine, paving the way for future lyophilized mRNA vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of mRNA Vaccines)
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23 pages, 4903 KiB  
Article
Highly Effective mRNA-LNP Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Multiple Models
by Huarong Bai, Xueliang Yu, Yue Gao, Qin Li, Baigang Wen and Rongkuan Hu
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060625 - 10 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background: The transmembrane fusion (F) protein of RSV plays important roles in RSV pathogenesis as it mediates the fusion between the virus and the target cell membrane. During the fusion process, the F protein transits from a metastable state (prefusion, preF) to a [...] Read more.
Background: The transmembrane fusion (F) protein of RSV plays important roles in RSV pathogenesis as it mediates the fusion between the virus and the target cell membrane. During the fusion process, the F protein transits from a metastable state (prefusion, preF) to a stable state (postfusion, postF) after the merging of the virus and cell membranes. The majority of highly neutralizing antibodies induced by natural infection or immunization target the preF form, which makes it the preferred antigen for vaccine development. Methods: Here, we designed an effective RSV mRNA vaccine, STR-V003, consisting of mRNA encoding preF protein in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The immunogenicity, protection efficacy and toxicity were measured in multiple animal models. Results: STR-V003 demonstrated robust immunogenicity in both mice and cotton rats, inducing high levels of neutralizing antibodies and RSV preF-specific IgG antibodies and significantly reducing the RSV viral loads in the lung and nose tissue of challenged animals. In addition, STR-V003 did not show significant enhancement of lung pathology without causing vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). The repeated dose general toxicology studies and local tolerance studies of STR-V003 were evaluated in rats and non-human primate (NHP). Conclusions: STR-V003 demonstrates a favorable safety profile and induces robust protective immunity against RSV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of mRNA Vaccines)
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