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Vaccines
Special Issues
Recombinant Vaccine for Human and Animal Diseases
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Recombinant Vaccine for Human and Animal Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 4539

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shawn Babiuk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
Interests: veterinary vaccines; lumpy skin disease; sheeppox; goatpox; African swine fever virus; Rift valley fever; peste des petits ruminants; vaccine delivery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy for controlling infectious diseases in humans and animals. Vaccines effectively control newly emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Various protein expression platforms are available to meet different vaccine needs. Research and development of these platforms is driven mainly by the production of vaccine antigens for subunit vaccine research. This Special Issue will focus on recombinant subunit antigen vaccines produced using different protein expression systems, including bacterial, insect, mammalian, and yeast. The aim is to develop vaccines to prevent diseases in humans and animals. This Special Issue is open to research articles, reviews, and brief reports on recombinant vaccines.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Shawn Babiuk
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • subunit vaccines
  • protein expression
  • synthetic biology
  • virus like particles
  • bacterial antigens
  • baculovirus antigens
  • plant antigens

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4603 KiB  
Article
M2e/NP Dual Epitope-Displaying Nanoparticles Enhance Cross-Protection of Recombinant HA Influenza Vaccine: A Universal Boosting Strategy
by Rui Liu, Lejun Yang, Jin Feng, Songchen Zhang, Liping Wu, Yingying Du, Dexin Kong, Yuhua Xu and Tao Peng
Vaccines 2025, 13(4), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040412 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 348
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing influenza virus infections. However, the continuous antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses lead to a reduced efficacy of the existing vaccines, necessitating vaccines capable of broad protection. Methods: To address this, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing influenza virus infections. However, the continuous antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses lead to a reduced efficacy of the existing vaccines, necessitating vaccines capable of broad protection. Methods: To address this, we developed a modular vaccine strategy pairing a clinical-stage adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine (SCVC101) with OMN, a heptameric nanoparticle displaying conserved influenza A virus T-cell epitopes from nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e). Results: OMN induced cross-reactive M2e-specific antibodies, binding to diverse influenza A subtypes. Critically, the co-administration of OMN with SCVC101 enhanced cellular immunity and cross-protection without diminishing HA-induced humoral responses. Conclusions: This dual-antigen delivery system enables annual HA component updates, aligned with WHO recommendations, while the conserved OMN nanoparticle acts as a universal booster, leveraging existing production infrastructure. This approach offers a promising strategy for improving the influenza vaccine’s efficacy against emerging viral variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recombinant Vaccine for Human and Animal Diseases)
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12 pages, 1335 KiB  
Article
The Salmonella Paratyphi A O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine Is Able to Induce Antibodies with Bactericidal Activity Against a Panel of Clinical Isolates
by Marika Pinto, Salvatore Durante, Martina Carducci, Luisa Massai, Renzo Alfini, Elli Mylona, Abhilasha Karkey, Stephen Baker, Francesca Micoli, Carlo Giannelli, Omar Rossi and Simona Rondini
Vaccines 2025, 13(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13020122 - 25 Jan 2025
Viewed by 960
Abstract
Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers represent a global health burden, especially in Southern Asia, exacerbated by the increase in antimicrobial resistance. While vaccines against Salmonella Typhi have been successfully introduced, a vaccine against S. Paratyphi A is not available, yet. Efforts to develop [...] Read more.
Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers represent a global health burden, especially in Southern Asia, exacerbated by the increase in antimicrobial resistance. While vaccines against Salmonella Typhi have been successfully introduced, a vaccine against S. Paratyphi A is not available, yet. Efforts to develop an effective vaccine targeting both Salmonella serovars are currently ongoing. GVGH is developing a bivalent vaccine constituted by the Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), and the Salmonella Paratyphi A O-antigen (O:2), also conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein (O:2-CRM197). In this work we have characterized a panel of S. Paratyphi A clinical isolates from endemic regions, differing in terms of their O:2 structural features. Methods: Rabbits were immunized with the S. Paratyphi A component of the vaccine candidate and the resulting sera were tested for their ability to bind and kill the isolates using flow cytometry and luminescence-based serum bactericidal assay (L-SBA). Results: The O:2-CRM197 glycoconjugate induced a functional immune response in rabbits, effectively binding and killing a diverse panel of clinical isolates. The sera demonstrated bactericidal activity independent of the O:2 structural variations, including differences in O-acetylation and glucosylation levels. Additionally, the study found that the O:2-CRM197 conjugate’s adsorption to Alhydrogel did not significantly impact its immunogenicity or bactericidal efficacy. Conclusions: The O:2-CRM197 component of the bivalent vaccine candidate shows promise in providing broad protection against S. Paratyphi A isolates, regardless of their O-antigen structural variations. The ongoing clinical studies on human sera are expected to confirm these results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recombinant Vaccine for Human and Animal Diseases)
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Review

Jump to: Research

43 pages, 4612 KiB  
Review
Protein Expression Platforms and the Challenges of Viral Antigen Production
by Jamie R. V. Sookhoo, Zachary Schiffman, Aruna Ambagala, Darwyn Kobasa, Keith Pardee and Shawn Babiuk
Vaccines 2024, 12(12), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121344 - 28 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2720
Abstract
Several protein expression platforms exist for a wide variety of biopharmaceutical needs. A substantial proportion of research and development into protein expression platforms and their optimization since the mid-1900s is a result of the production of viral antigens for use in subunit vaccine [...] Read more.
Several protein expression platforms exist for a wide variety of biopharmaceutical needs. A substantial proportion of research and development into protein expression platforms and their optimization since the mid-1900s is a result of the production of viral antigens for use in subunit vaccine research. This review discusses the seven most popular forms of expression systems used in the past decade—bacterial, insect, mammalian, yeast, algal, plant and cell-free systems—in terms of advantages, uses and limitations for viral antigen production in the context of subunit vaccine research. Post-translational modifications, immunogenicity, efficacy, complexity, scalability and the cost of production are major points discussed. Examples of licenced and experimental vaccines are included along with images which summarize the processes involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recombinant Vaccine for Human and Animal Diseases)
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