Atmosphere, Volume 12, Issue 5

The ionospheric weather is affected not only from above by the Sun but also from below by processes in the lower-lying atmospheric layers. One of the most pronounced atmospheric phenomena is the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). Three major SSW eve...

At present, high-resolution drought indices are scarce, and this problem has restricted the development of refined drought analysis to some extent. This study explored the possibility of calculating the standardized precipitation index (SPI) with sho...

A common approach used for multi-source observation data blending is the fusion method. This study assesses the applicability of the first-generation fusion sea surface temperature (SST) product of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) in the...

This special issue, entitled Tourism Climatology: Past, Present, and Future, contains seven original articles and two review reports which tackle some of the main lines of research in the field of Tourism Climatology [...]

Winter persistent extreme cold events (WPECEs) often cause great damage to the development of economies and people’s lives. The sub-seasonal variation of the atmospheric circulation is regarded as one of important causes of extreme weather, and is ke...

Non-road equipment has been an important source of pollutants that negatively affect air quality in China. An accurate emission inventory for non-road equipment is therefore required to improve air quality. The objective of this paper was to characte...

Vegetation plays a key role in partitioning energy at the surface. Meteorological and Climate Models, both global and regional, implement vegetation using two parameters, the vegetation fraction and the leaf area index, obtained from satellite data....

This paper showed different plume behaviors of exhausts from different number of stacks of the container ship, using CFD code PHOENICS version 6.0. The plume behavior was quantitatively analyzed by mass fraction of the pollutant in the exhaust and pl...

Vinyl chloride (VC) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and inhalation is considered to be an important route of occupational exposure. In addition, increasing numbers of studies have ob...

The increasing availability of low-cost air quality sensors has led to novel sensing approaches. Distributed networks of low-cost sensors, together with data fusion and analytics, have enabled unprecedented, spatiotemporal resolution when observing t...

Rural communities in West Africa have long adopted a variety of coping and adaptation strategies to periods of climate variability and risks. These strategies have mostly been shaped by prevailing indigenous knowledge systems and shared understanding...

A relationship between the friction velocity $u_{\star }$ and mean wind speed U in a stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Arctic sea ice was considered. To that aim, the observations collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA)...

The spatial distribution of precipitation is one of the most important climatic variables used in geographic and environmental studies. However, when there is a lack of full coverage of meteorological stations, precipitation estimations are necessary...

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and rainfall data were used to model the spatial relationship between vegetation and rainfall. Their correlation in previous studies was typically based on a global regression model, which assumed tha...

With the current COVID-19 pandemic being spread all over the world, lockdown measures are being implemented, making air pollution levels go down in several countries. In this context, the air quality changes in the highly populated and trafficked Bra...

UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. ‘black light’) photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocataly...

We attempted to employ convolutional neural networks to extract visual features and developed recurrent neural networks for weather property estimation using only image data. Four common weather properties are estimated, i.e., temperature, humidity,...

Aerosols, including mineral dust, are transported from China and Mongolia to Japan, particularly in spring. It has been recognized that calcium (Ca) carbonate is the main Ca species in aerosols, which reacts with acidic species such as sulfuric and n...

Despite having contributed the least to global warming and having the lowest emissions, the African region is the most vulnerable continent to climate change impacts. To reduce the levels of risk arising from climate change, it is mandatory to combin...

2016 and 2017 were marked by strong El Niño and weak La Niña events, respectively, in the tropical East Pacific Ocean. The strong El Niño and weak La Niña events in the Pacific significantly impacted the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical...

A single particle Lagrangian Stochastic model has been developed and applied with the purpose of simulating the concentration fluctuations dispersion. This model treats concentration variance as a quantity whose motion is driven by an advection-diffu...

In Japan, various countermeasures have been undertaken to reduce the atmospheric concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). We evaluated the extent to which these countermeasures were effective in reducing PM_2.5 concentrations by analyzing the...

Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) is the key driving factor of fine-particle explosive growth (FPEG) events, which are frequently observed in North China Plain. However, the SIA simulations remain highly uncertain over East Asia. To further investiga...

To understand the characteristics of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and estimate their impact on water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in urban areas in Japan, we measured 17 organic tracers using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from particulat...

The accumulated particulate matter concentration at a given vertical column due to traffic sources in urban area has many important consequences. This task, however, imposes a major challenge, since the problem of realistic pollutant dispersion in an...

Many nontornadic supercell storms have times when they appear to be moving toward tornadogenesis, including the development of a strong low-level vortex, but never end up producing a tornado. These tornadogenesis failure (TGF) episodes can be a subst...

Arctic ozone amount in winter to spring shows large year-to-year variation. This study investigates Arctic spring ozone in relation to the phase of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)/the 11-year solar cycle, using satellite observations, reanalysis dat...

Tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring and forecast in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin remain challenging, notably because of the lack of direct observations. During the 2018–2019 cyclone season, S-1 Sentinel SAR images were acquired, as part of t...

In this paper, we present a novel defogging technique, named CurL-Defog, with the aim of minimizing the insertion of artifacts while maintaining good contrast restoration and visibility enhancement. Many learning-based defogging approaches rely on pa...

Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH₃) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poult...

The turbulence moment of order m (μ_m) is defined as the refractive index structure constant C_n² integrated over the whole path z with path-weighting function z^m. Optical effects of atmospheric turbulence are directly related to turbulence moments. To...

Solubility of transition metal compounds plays a significant role in adverse health effects because that is one of the most important factors of particulate matter bioavailability in the body. In this study, we focus on the chemical analysis of parti...

A summer field study was conducted in two university dormitories in the Tokai region of Central Japan. The study aimed at understanding the correlation between subjective thermal responses as well as whether nationality was affecting the responses. I...

Even with ever-increasing societal interest in tornado activities engendering catastrophes of loss of life and property damage, the long-term change in the geographic location and environment of tornado activity centers over the last six decades (195...

Pollutants emission, meteorological conditions, secondary formation, and pollutants transport are the main reasons for air pollution. A comprehensive air pollution analysis was conducted from the above four aspects in the autumn–winter seasons of 201...

We investigate the effects of solar forcing on the North Atlantic (NA) summer climate, in climate simulations with Earth System Models (ESMs), over the preindustrial past millennium (AD 850–1849). We use one simulation and a four-member ensemble perf...

Currently, the continuous change prediction of PM_2.5 concentration is an air pollution research hotspot. Combining physical methods and deep learning models to divide the pollution process of PM_2.5 into effective multiple types is necessary to achiev...

Studies of gross alpha and gross beta activity in road- and surface-deposited sediments were conducted in three Russian cities in different geographical zones. To perform radiation measurements, new methods were applied which allow dealing with low m...

Urban air temperature rises induced by the urban heat island (UHIE) effect or by global warming (GW) can be beneficial in winter but detrimental in summer. The SCIENCE-Outdoor model was used to simulate changes to sensible heat release and CO₂ emissi...

In this paper, using the combined observations of the NOAA 16, LANL-01A, IMAGE satellites, VLF radio wave, and ground-based riometers, we study the fluctuation of lower ionosphere-associated precipitating energetic electrons during a geomagnetic stor...

Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) is an important component of PM_2.5 which may affect air quality, climate and human health. Herein, one-year field samples of atmospheric PM_2.5 (June 2017–May 2018) were collected in northern Nanjing. Chemical cha...

The stable isotopes (²H, ¹⁸O) of precipitation change due to the sub-cloud secondary evaporation during raindrop fall. The study of the temporal and spatial variation of sub-cloud secondary evaporation and its causes by using hydrogen and oxygen stab...

Similarly to other countries, the first wave of the COVID pandemic induced a collapse of mobility in Hungary during the spring of 2020. From the environmental perspective, the obtained road traffic reduction of 20–50% could be regarded as an undesire...

Due to the exponential growth of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain (2020), the Spanish Government adopted lockdown measures as mitigating strategies to reduce the spread of the pandemic from 14 March. In this paper, we report the results of the change...

Source attribution of airborne particulate matter (PM) relies on a host of different chemical species. Organic molecular markers are a set of particularly useful marker compounds for estimating source contributions to the fine PM fraction (i.e., PM_2....

Gasoline evaporation is a potential source of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) during summer, and thus the policy of encouraging vehicles to refuel at night has been implemented to control ground-level ozone (O₃) and NMHCs. In this study, NMH...

The abnormal 2020 Meiyu season caused the worst disasters over the Yangtze River Valley in recent decades. Of these, the Sichuan Basin (SCB) and its surrounding regions were one of the most severely affected areas. Disastrous weather frequently occur...

In recent years, high fine particulate (PM_2.5) pollution episodes with high ozone (O₃) levels have been observed in Shanghai from time to time. However, their occurrence and characteristics remain poorly understood. Meanwhile, as a major precursor of...

The supersaturated condensation of atmospheric aerosol is important in the study of mechanisms of cloud condensation and even heavy air pollution. The existing technology cannot realize accurate dynamic control of wide range supersaturation, so it is...

Smoke from wildfires in Siberia often affects air quality over vast territories of the Northern hemisphere during the summer. Increasing fire emissions also affect regional and global carbon balance. To estimate annual carbon emissions from wildfires...