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  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,906 Views
18 Pages

As the spiritual homeland marker of modern urbanites, ancient villages have grown into popular tourist attractions. However, the existing literature lacks a conceptually valid and psychometrically sound scale to measure the existential value of ancie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,056 Views
23 Pages

Spatio-Temporal Features and Influencing Factors of Homesteads Expansion at Village Scale

  • Jie Zhang,
  • Shengping Liu,
  • Zijuan Zhao,
  • Bin Li,
  • Beilei Fan and
  • Guomin Zhou

1 October 2022

The current research on the change of homesteads has rarely combined spatial information, and no expansion research has been found with a scale as detailed as the level of the homestead plots. Understanding the changing rules of homesteads expansion...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,928 Views
19 Pages

21 June 2024

In the global context of rural development in developing countries, the integration of digital technology into agriculture has emerged as a pivotal strategy for modernizing rural areas and boosting agricultural productivity. A focal point of policy i...

(This article belongs to the Section Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,136 Views
22 Pages

31 January 2020

Rural livelihoods, which are basic human activities, have long interacted with the environment. In light of the complexity of the human–environment system, more interdisciplinary analyses from geographical, environmental, and social sciences ar...

(This article belongs to the Section Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,005 Views
30 Pages

21 December 2025

Rural development significantly contributes to global carbon emissions. While China’s dual-carbon goals are critical for global climate mitigation, surging rural emissions and regional disparities challenge their realization. Implementing villa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Focused Land Use Strategies: Pathways to Climate Resilience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,242 Views
19 Pages

Absolute poverty has historically been solved in China, and the focus on poor areas has shifted to addressing relative poverty. To realize the organic combination of the rural revitalization strategy and relative poverty governance, multi-dimensional...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
721 Views
26 Pages

3 March 2026

Examining the spatial differentiation and constraining factors of rural resilience at the micro-scale is essential for navigating compounded risks and unbalanced urban–rural development. The study takes 170 villages in Qianshan City, Anhui Prov...

(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,488 Views
22 Pages

30 July 2023

Building sustainable communities is always related to the occupants’ physical and psychological safety, environmental security and human settlements inclusivity, etc. The interfaces of Chinese urban villages have shown features that are irregul...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,292 Views
20 Pages

The Lost View: Villager-Centered Scale Development and Validation Due to Rural Tourism for Traditional Villages in China

  • Yanan Li,
  • Muhammad Azzam Ismail,
  • Asrul Aminuddin,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Kaiyun Jiang and
  • Haowei Yu

19 March 2025

Traditional villages are the convergence points for rural tourism and cultural heritage, with their uniqueness deriving from their enduring cultural genes. Villagers serve as the continuators of traditional villages, the transmitters of cultural heri...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leisure for Sustainable Future: Exploring Sustainable Environmental Leisure Activities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,067 Views
24 Pages

9 January 2026

Urban villages (UVs) are widespread in rapidly urbanizing regions, but their fine-grained delineation from high-resolution remote sensing imagery remains a challenge due to complex spatial textures and ambiguous boundaries. To address this issue, thi...

(This article belongs to the Section AI Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
599 Views
28 Pages

Village-Scale Winter Wheat Yield Prediction in Coastal Saline–Alkali Farmland Using a Three-Stage Fusion XGBoost Framework and SHAP

  • Wenxi Jia,
  • Jingzhao Lu,
  • Qizhan Yang,
  • Yuhang Xie,
  • Xing Cao,
  • Yuqing Pan,
  • Qianjian Xu,
  • Yapeng Zhou,
  • Jun Zhao and
  • Yueguo Zhang
  • + 3 authors

6 July 2026

Accurately estimating village-level winter wheat yield in coastal saline–alkali farmland is challenging because this region has strong spatial differences and multiple environmental stresses. In this study, Huanghua City, Hebei Province, was se...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Agriculture and Vegetation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,454 Views
17 Pages

7 August 2023

Non-grain production of cultivated land (NGPCL) is an essential factor that affects food security and sustainable agricultural development. Due to the large population and limited land area present in China, cultivated land resources are more extensi...

(This article belongs to the Section Land – Observation and Monitoring)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,057 Views
19 Pages

5 March 2023

Improving the sense of community (SOC) in Chinese traditional villages is crucial to preventing population loss and conserving the cultural heritage of China’s rural areas. These factors are important components of China’s rural revitaliz...

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Landscape in Rural Areas: Theories, Strategies, and Practices)
  • Article
  • Open Access
500 Views
36 Pages

11 May 2026

Against the backdrop of two-way urban–rural flows and the development of rural tourism, public space in peri-urban plain-type villages now carries multiple functions at the same time, including everyday life, visitor stay, and spatial display....

(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,780 Views
19 Pages

In recent years, rural return has emerged as a significant trend in China, largely driven by central and local government policies promoting rural revitalization and urban-to-rural migration. This study aims to explore the impact of rural return on t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewal Design and Challenge of Urban and Rural Livable Environments in the Age of Population Shrinkage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,737 Views
18 Pages

Suitability Evaluation of Tea Cultivation Using Machine Learning Technique at Town and Village Scales

  • Wenwen Xing,
  • Cheng Zhou,
  • Junli Li,
  • Weiyin Wang,
  • Jingchi He,
  • Youjun Tu,
  • Xiu Cao and
  • Yunhua Zhang

25 August 2022

Suitability evaluation of tea cultivation is very important for improving the yield and quality of tea, which can avoid blind expansion and achieve sustainable development; however, to date, relevant research at town and village scales is lacking. Th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Ecological Remediation and Farming Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,022 Views
36 Pages

28 July 2025

Nomadic heritage villages constitute significant material cultural heritage. Under China’s cultural revitalization and rural development strategies, these villages face spatial degradation driven by tourism and urbanization. Current research pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Buildings and Cities: Integrated Research on Smart Strategies for Renewal and Resilience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,451 Views
25 Pages

Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Analysis of Terrain–Resilience Coupling in Mountainous Traditional Villages: A Case Study of the Qinba Mountains, China

  • Yiqi Li,
  • Peiyao Wang,
  • Binqing Zhai,
  • Daniele Villa,
  • Spinelli Luigi,
  • Chufan Xiao,
  • Chuhan Huang,
  • Yishan Xu and
  • Lorenzi Angelo

21 November 2025

Mountainous traditional villages represent unique socio-ecological systems that have evolved through centuries of adaptation to complex topographies and multi-hazard environments. Understanding their terrain–resilience coupling mechanisms is es...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,581 Views
21 Pages

5 February 2025

The development of inner harbors has been accompanied by the destruction of natural landscapes, which in turn has led to numerous ecological problems. However, the temporal and spatial relationships between changes in the inner harbor landscape and e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,845 Views
25 Pages

Rural livelihood change has great influence on the scale, structure, and morphology of rural settlement land use, thus bringing new challenges to rural revitalization and settlement reconstruction. Sihe village of Tongwei County in mid-Gansu loess hi...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,269 Views
18 Pages

Exploration of Informal Farmland Leasing Mode: A Case Study of Huang Village in China

  • Tingting Fang,
  • Yuefei Zhuo,
  • Cifang Wu,
  • Yihu Zhou,
  • Zhongguo Xu and
  • Guan Li

21 May 2022

How to effectively promote the large-scale and market-oriented farmland leasing process in China is one of the most important practical issues concerning the current academic circle and decision makers. However, restricted by the current situation of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Rural Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,209 Views
21 Pages

“Food Village”: An Innovative Alternative Food Network Based on Human Scale Development Economic Model

  • Giordano Stella,
  • Biancamaria Torquati,
  • Chiara Paffarini,
  • Giorgia Giordani,
  • Lucio Cecchini and
  • Roberto Poletti

17 May 2022

Although the different alternative food networks (AFNs) have experienced increases worldwide for the last thirty years, they are still unable to provide an alternative capable of spreading on a large scale. They in fact remain niche experiments due t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in the Food System: Exploring the Future of Food)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,341 Views
19 Pages

28 September 2023

The basic information survey on homesteads requires understanding the shape of homesteads, and the shape of the homesteads based on the spatial location can reflect information such as their outline and regularity, but the current shape classificatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Associated Artificial Intelligence in Agricultural Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
6,132 Views
23 Pages

In-Season Diagnosis of Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status in Smallholder Farmer Fields Across a Village Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Remote Sensing

  • Zhichao Chen,
  • Yuxin Miao,
  • Junjun Lu,
  • Lan Zhou,
  • Yue Li,
  • Hongyan Zhang,
  • Weidong Lou,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Krzysztof Kusnierek and
  • Changhua Liu

9 October 2019

Improving nitrogen (N) management of small-scale farming systems in developing countries is crucially important for food security and sustainable development of world agriculture, but it is also very challenging. The N Nutrition Index (NNI) is a reli...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
5,628 Views
22 Pages

Assessing Risk and Prioritizing Safety Interventions in Human Settlements Affected by Large Wildfires

  • Sandra Oliveira,
  • Ana Gonçalves,
  • Akli Benali,
  • Ana Sá,
  • José Luís Zêzere and
  • José Miguel Pereira

6 August 2020

The large wildfires of June 2017 disturbed many communities in central Portugal. The civil parish of Alvares was severely affected, with about 60% of its area burnt. Assessing the risk of large wildfires affecting local communities is becoming increa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engaging Land Owners to Reduce Wildfire Risk at Landscape Level)
  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
5,090 Views
21 Pages

Traditional Village Building Extraction Based on Improved Mask R-CNN: A Case Study of Beijing, China

  • Wenke Wang,
  • Yang Shi,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Lujin Hu,
  • Shuo Li,
  • Ding He and
  • Fei Liu

18 May 2023

As an essential material carrier of cultural heritage, the accurate identification and effective monitoring of buildings in traditional Chinese villages are of great significance to the sustainable development of villages. However, along with rapid u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of UAV Platforms for Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Surveying)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,827 Views
19 Pages

In the field of environmental health risk assessment and management research, heavy metals in soil are a constant focus, largely because of mining and metallurgical activities, and other manufacturing or producing. However, systematic vulnerability,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health and Environmental Exposure Assessment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,336 Views
27 Pages

27 February 2025

Traditional villages are intricate socio-spatial systems shaped by multi-scalar interactions encompassing natural, cultural, and hierarchical dimensions. Despite their significant cultural and ecological value, conventional unit-based conservation me...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Strategic Replanning and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,041 Views
16 Pages

16 August 2022

Ecological zoning and green–development assessment at the village–town scale in China are significant tasks for sustainable planning in China. In this study, we build an index system to calculate the eco–environmental vulnerability...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Rural Transformation under Rapid Urbanization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,375 Views
23 Pages

7 August 2024

Amid unprecedented challenges to protect arable land, China’s permanent capital farmland (PCF) has played a crucial role in grain production. However, a clear legal and physical boundary between PCF and arable land seems to be unable to stop th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Food Security in China's Urbanizing Regions: Problems and Possibilities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,456 Views
14 Pages

Atmospheric Hg Levels in Tree Barks Due to Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining Activity in Bunut Seberang Village in Indonesia

  • Azhary Taufiq,
  • Melya Riniarti,
  • Endang Linirin Widiastuti,
  • Hendra Prasetia,
  • Slamet Budi Yuwono,
  • Ceng Asmarahman and
  • Tedy Rendra

15 April 2022

Mercury (Hg) is a useful heavy metal; however, it is toxic to both humans and the environment. Tree bark is an excellent bioindicator, which has been proven to be effective in studying the level of atmospheric Hg contamination. This study aimed to de...

(This article belongs to the Topic Air Pollution – An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Problem of Air Pollution and Improvement of Air Quality)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,365 Views
25 Pages

Failure Impact Assessment for Large-Scale Landslides Located Near Human Settlement: Case Study in Southern Taiwan

  • Ming-Chien Chung,
  • Chien-Hsin Chen,
  • Ching-Fang Lee,
  • Wei-Kai Huang and
  • Chih-Hao Tan

In 2009, Typhoon Morakot caused over 680 deaths and more than 20,000 landslides in Taiwan. From 2010 to 2015, the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs identified 1047 potential large-scale landslides in Taiwan, of which 103 m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Civil Engineering: from Sustainable Materials to Sustainable Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
813 Views
27 Pages

19 February 2026

Digital village (DV) construction is the core driving force for high-quality development of the rural economy, and is a key strategy for achieving coordinated progress in urban development and rural revitalization. This study empirically analyzes the...

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Economics, Policies and Rural Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
409 Views
27 Pages

25 June 2026

Traditional Chinese villages are important carriers of rural heritage, collective memory, vernacular landscapes, and living cultural traditions. However, rapid urbanization, agricultural modernization, climate change, and tourism development have inc...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
745 Views
30 Pages

27 May 2026

Traditional villages represent vital living heritage in China. We develop a multi-scale eco-coupling framework integrating GIS spatial analysis and 3D laser scanning to analyze the natural and social environment, spatial patterns, and architectural f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,821 Views
20 Pages

Modeling of a Village-Scale Multi-Energy System for the Integrated Supply of Electric and Thermal Energy

  • Nicolo Stevanato,
  • Lorenzo Rinaldi,
  • Stefano Pistolese,
  • Sergio Luis Balderrama Subieta,
  • Sylvain Quoilin and
  • Emanuela Colombo

23 October 2020

Energy system models for off-grid systems usually tend to focus solely on the provision of electricity for powering simple appliances, thus neglecting more energy-intensive and critical needs, such as water heating. The adoption of a Multi-Energy Sys...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2020)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,103 Views
17 Pages

25 January 2025

Despite extensive research on what draws people to urban streets, most existing insights originate from Western contexts, offering limited perspectives from wider urban contexts. This study addresses this gap by examining everyday street activities i...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural-Urban Interaction in Terms of the Spatial Pattern and Local Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
530 Views
46 Pages

A Multi-Source UAV Framework for Courtyard-Scale Visual–Material Integrity Assessment in Mountain Traditional Villages

  • Xiao Rong,
  • Hao Jing,
  • Binqing Zhai,
  • Andi Dwi Atmoko,
  • Chuhan Huang,
  • Yishan Xu and
  • Barbara Galli

8 September 2026

Landscape character change in mountain traditional villages is difficult to assess from a single perspective because roof-material replacement, material–color deviation, and visual exposure vary under complex terrain and settlement configuratio...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,372 Views
30 Pages

31 July 2025

Traditional Chinese villages, which have long supported villagers’ comfort level of daily activities, are increasingly affected by global climate change and rural reconstruction, prompting growing research interest in their outdoor microclimate...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges in Sustainable Urban, Rural and Regional Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
14,916 Views
23 Pages

The Role of Transdisciplinary Approach and Community Participation in Village Scale Groundwater Management: Insights from Gujarat and Rajasthan, India

  • Basant Maheshwari,
  • Maria Varua,
  • John Ward,
  • Roger Packham,
  • Pennan Chinnasamy,
  • Yogita Dashora,
  • Seema Dave,
  • Prahlad Soni,
  • Peter Dillon and
  • Pratap Rao
  • + 14 authors

11 November 2014

Sustainable use of groundwater is becoming critical in India and requires effective participation from local communities along with technical, social, economic, policy and political inputs. Access to groundwater for farming communities is also an emo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policy and Economics of Managed Aquifer Recharge and Water Banking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,069 Views
26 Pages

19 February 2025

Yu’nan County is located in the Pacific Rim geological disaster-prone area. Frequent landslides are an important cause of population, property, and infrastructure losses, which directly threaten the sustainable development of the regional socia...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,189 Views
16 Pages

20 September 2022

Climate change has gradually become a great challenge for heritage conservation. This study demonstrated that a hierarchal strategy corresponding to the scale of climate or weather date can be an alternative approach to making heritage conservation m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
570 Views
65 Pages

22 June 2026

An earthquake lethality model was employed to assess the casualty distribution in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces, taking into account the ground motion acceleration with different 50-year exceedance probabilities. When the probability is 63%,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Technologies in Geotechnical Engineering and Geological Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,435 Views
20 Pages

8 January 2022

Under the background of urban–rural integration, balanced development between urban and rural areas has been increasingly advocated. Rural population loss (RPL) is not only due to the laws of social and economic development but also the compreh...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Land Use and Sustainable Urban Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,544 Views
15 Pages

30 November 2020

Using field survey data gathered from seven villages in Youxi County in southern China and a list of famous and ancient trees and groves, this study explored the cultural roots and ecological interpretations of village fengshui forests. The results s...

(This article belongs to the Section Forest Economics, Policy, and Social Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,205 Views
32 Pages

30 August 2025

Urban-to-rural migration is reshaping vernacular villages through transformations in both architectural form and everyday life. This study focuses on three villages in Zhejiang Province, China, and their migrants from urban areas, investigating&mdash...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewal Design and Challenge of Urban and Rural Livable Environments in the Age of Population Shrinkage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,029 Views
21 Pages

30 November 2022

To promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, China has adopted a hybrid strategy of urbanization and rural village renewal. Due to the large development differences between villages, choosing appropriate strategies is significant...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Evolution of the Land Use Structure of Rural Settlements)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,607 Views
24 Pages

31 October 2025

As tourism increasingly drives the revitalization of traditional villages, rural spaces are undergoing a transformation from functional living areas to spaces for cultural display and leisure. This shift has amplified the spatial usage discrepancies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,074 Views
18 Pages

30 March 2023

How to recognize the land use change in urban villages during dynamic transformation in Haidian District, Beijing, has become a hot topic with the promotion of urban renewal. The GF-1 high-resolution remote sensing images of 2013, 2015, and 2020 were...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Applications for Interaction between Urbanization and Eco-Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
84 Citations
7,415 Views
21 Pages

16 November 2020

Traditional villages are important carriers of traditional cultural heritage, and they have strong historical, cultural, aesthetic and tourism value for all countries and the international community. In China, the number of traditional villages is cu...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Contexts and Urban-Rural Interactions)

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