An active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is any substance in a pharmaceutical product that is biologically active. That means the specific molecular entity is capable of achieving a defined biological effect on the target. These ingredients need to...
Bioavailability is an important biopharmaceutical characteristic of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that is often correlated with their solubility in water. One of the methods of increasing solubility is freeze drying (lyophilization). The a...
Aquaculture offers a promising source of economic and healthy protein for human consumption, which can improve wellbeing. Viral diseases are the most serious type of diseases affecting aquatic animals and a major obstacle to the development of the aq...
Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental i...
This mini-review focuses on the various roles that ionic liquids (ILs) play in the development and applications of biopolymer-based drug delivery systems (DDSs). Biopolymers are particularly attractive as drug delivery matrices due to their biocompat...
Pharmaceutical eutectics are solid mixtures, where the crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are finely divided in the phase-separated microstructures. The size reduction makes the eutectic formation a viable option to improve the diss...
The in-process inspection procedure is one of the critical operations in the active pharmaceutical ingredients manufacturing process. This study aims to improve the performance of the IPI service system in terms of three main criteria, namely service...
Achieving homogeneity and reproducibility in the size, shape, and morphology of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles is crucial for their successful manufacturing and performance. Herein, we describe a new method for API particle engineer...
Background/Objectives: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a commonly used pharmaceutical excipient. At present, the catalytic potential of MCCs for the degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has not been paid adequate attention. Thi...
The increasing occurrence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in water systems coupled with their recalcitrance to conventional water treatment methods calls for research into more eco-friendly and cost-effective curbing media. Mesoporous cas...
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) extracted and isolated from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are of interest for drug development due to their wide range of biological activities. However, the overwhelming majority of APIs in TCMs (T-API...
A novel method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the identification and quantification of four potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) in the active pharmaceutical ingredients of TSD-1, a...
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is used as diagnostic biomarker for inflammation/infection. In this work, 10 ionic liquids (ILs) and 11 ionic liquids active pharmaceutical ingredients (ILs-APIs) were tested to evaluate the inhibition effect on the ac...
Background/Objectives: Among different milling techniques, spiral air jet milling can produce finer particles without the use of solvents or additives, thereby improving the bioavailability and content uniformity of the final dosage form. However, mi...
A worldwide crisis with nitrosamine contamination in medical products began in 2018. Therefore, trace-level analysis of nitrosamines is becoming an emerging topic of interest in the field of quality control. A novel GC-MS method with electron ionizat...
A new universal HPLC-DAD method has been developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of thirteen active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): ramipril, lisinopril, enalapril; atenolol, metoprolol; losartan, candesartan; rosuvastatin, ato...
Product safety is important for medicines. For drugs on the market, it must be demonstrated that the levels of toxic contaminants are below the permitted limits. These impurities are used as reagents or are generated during synthesis. N-bromosuccinim...
The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of lung tissue-derived diploid progenitor cell applications, ranging from historical biotechnological substrate functions for vaccine production and testing to current investigations around po...
Human fetal progenitor tenocytes (hFPT) produced in defined cell bank systems have recently been characterized and qualified as potential therapeutic cell sources in tendon regenerative medicine. In view of further developing the manufacture processe...
In this work, active pharmaceutical ingredients release from aerogel particles and active pharmaceutical ingredients transportation processes were investigated. Experimental studies were carried out on the release of various types of active pharmaceu...
The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to bein...
Crystal morphology plays a critical role in the processability and physicochemical behavior of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Manipulating crystal morphology involves consideration of crystallization conditions such as temperature, supersaturatio...
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particle size distribution is important for both downstream processing operations and in vivo performance. Crystallization process parameters and reactor configuration are important in controlling API particle s...
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides of natural origin that were discovered more than 100 years ago. The peculiar cone-like conformation of the sugar ring, expressing a lipophilic cavity and a hydrophilic external surface, allows these sub...
A sensitive and simple HPLC/UV method has been developed and validated for the determination of two potential genotoxic impurities, namely methyl p-toluenesulfonate (MPTS) and ethyl p-toluenesulfonate (EPTS) at trace levels in Pemetrexed sodium API....
A perspective on the use of heterogeneous catalysis to drive the waste-to-pharma concept is provided in this contribution based on the conversion of furanics to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The provided overview of the concept in this pe...
This article explores the emerging field of nanomedicine as a drug delivery system, aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients in medicinal plants. The traditional methods of applying medicinal plants present sev...
The development of innovative forms of combination drugs is closely related to the invention of the multilayer tablet press, polymers for pharmaceutical applications, the hot-melt extrusion process, and 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry. How...
Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to ena...
Administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) through the skin, by means of topical drug delivery systems, is an advanced therapeutic approach. As the skin is the largest organ of the human body, primarily acting as a natural protective...
Background: The use of medication in pediatrics, children aged 0–5 years, was explored so as to identify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) suitable for inkjet printing on a plain orodispersible film (ODF) formulation in a pharmacy. Metho...
The spectrophotometric methods of determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredients meloxicam and nimesulide were reviewed and a simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of these active pharmaceutical ingredients in industrial e...
Pharmaceutical scientists have researched the potential of secondary metabolites biosynthesized by microorganisms as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for the treatment of cancer. Ideally, these APIs should possess anticancer bioactivity that...
The development of efficient adsorbents for sustainable adsorption processes is required in environmental studies. Here, we propose using carbonized Ailanthus altissima leaves as a novel adsorbent, derived from invasive species that threaten biodiver...
There is a need for fast and reliable quality and authenticity control tools of pharmaceutical ingredients. Among others, hormone containing drugs and foods are subject to scrutiny. In this study, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and THz imaging are appl...
This study explores the effect of physical aging and/or crystallization on the supersaturation potential and crystallization kinetics of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Spray-dried, fully amorphous indapamide, metolazone, glibencl...
In this work, a hybrid MPC (model predictive control)-PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control system has been designed for the continuous purification and processing framework of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The specific unit oper...
Background: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing is an important segment of the Indian pharma industry. India ranks third in terms of volume of medicines produced, and is a major global supplier of generic medicines. However, India de...
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) provide an effective approach to overcome the poor solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients and can facilitate their uniform distribution within hydrogel matrices. Although ASDs are well recognized in or...
Japanese pharmaceutical cosmetics, often referred to as quasi-drugs, contain skin-lightening active ingredients formulated to prevent sun-induced pigment spots and freckles. Their mechanisms of action include suppressing melanin production in melanoc...
Nowadays, many commercial drugs have poor solubility and bioavailability. Cocrystals are formulated to modulate active pharmaceutical ingredients’ properties with improved solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability compared to their pristine indivi...
Dermal or transdermal patches are increasingly becoming a noteworthy alternative as carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which makes their detailed physicochemical evaluation essential for pharmaceutical development. This paper demo...
Application of ultrasound during crystallization can efficiently inhibit agglomeration. However, the mechanism is unclear and sonication is usually enabled throughout the entire process, which increases the energy demand. Additionally, improper opera...
Industrial discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the environment in some middle- and low-income countries is not sufficiently regulated. The phytotoxicity of metronidazole (FLAGYL)—one of the most commonly used over the counter (...
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) during the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often causes agglomeration and other quality issues in crystal products; thus, it should be avoided if possible. However, LLPS in the crystal...
7 September 2021
To explore long-term changes in intra and inter-class choices between generic compounds, this paper investigates the market trends of two antihypertensive drug classes that have closely related pharmacological mechanisms—angiotensin convertase enzyme...
The present study aimed to evaluate the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from different pharmacological classes in a compounded oral suspending vehicle. Oral suspensions of amoxicillin trihydrate (50 mg/mL), clozapine (25 mg/mL),...
Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reage...
Pharmaceutical and veterinary products are a class of contaminants of emerging concern, and their presence in the environment is due to continuous and incorrect disposal. Environmental scientists have been accumulating data on their adverse effects o...
Agglomeration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets can lead to decreased bioavailability in some enabling formulations. In a previous study, we determined that crystalline APIs can be detected as agglomeration in tablets formulated w...
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