Impending paradoxical embolism is a rare condition defined as the presence of an entrapped thrombus through the patent foramen ovale. This diagnosis is usually made from echocardiography or a thoracic-CT scan performed in patients with suspected pulm...
We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with acute chest pain and was found to have single-vessel coronary occlusion most consistent with probable paradoxical embolism. Coronary angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the ramus...
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are increasingly used across specialties for invasive haemodynamic monitoring and for the delivery of fluids, medications, and nutritional support. Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a rare but potentially fatal complicati...
Background: The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score was developed to identify stroke-related patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2016 to 2020 National Inpatient S...
Background/Objectives: To propose criteria for retreating previously embolized PAVMs and determining the effectiveness of the criteria to prevent paradoxical embolization. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with PAVMs treated at a single HHT...
Paradoxical embolism occurs when a clot originates in the venous system and traverses through a pulmonary or intracardiac shunt into the systemic circulation, with a mortality rate of around 18%. The risk factors for arterial embolism and venous thro...
A 49-year-old woman developed acute homonymous hemianopia three days after elective surgery. Neuroimaging confirmed an embolic right occipital infarction. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated early bubble passage, and transesophageal imaging i...
At present, the patent foramen ovale (PFO) does not receive the deserved medical attention. The PFO poses a serious threat to health and even the life of mankind. The first respective case report in the medical literature dates back to the 19th centu...
Inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysms rarely occur. They are commonly detected incidentally since they present with mild or no symptoms. This was the first study to report a fatal case of a saccular IVC aneurysm with pulmonary embolism and cerebral infa...
The foramen ovale, a survival from the foetal circulation, remains patent in approx. 25% of the population, in whom it renders possible an intracardiac right-left shunt during the (short) periods when right atrial exceeds left atrial pressure. In rec...
Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is mainly performed for secondary prevention of presumed paradoxical embolism. Since a residual shunt has been associated with recurrent events, complete PFO closure is desirable. We report the first ca...
1 January 2006
The closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) remains controversial. Pros and cons for such a closure are discussed on the basis of five questions. It is concluded that a PFO closure, though feasible, can be recommended only in young patients with recu...
We report the case of a 54-year-old patient with a splenic infarction of unknown origin, recurrent transient focal neurological episodes and multiple subacute cerebral ischaemic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. During stroke work-up we performe...
Coronary artery embolism is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction, attributed to approximately 10% of all paradoxical embolisms. It is a condition that should be considered in patients who present with chest pain and have a low overall risk of...
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in roughly one quarter of adults and is over-represented among younger patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. The past decade has produced compelling evidence from randomized trials showing that PFO closure i...
Background: While obesity is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), there is some data to suggest that higher BMI is also associated with decreased all-cause mortality in patients with a pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: U...
Stroke is a rare but possible complication after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, its etiopathogenesis is far from being completely characterized. Here we report a case of stroke, with recurrent peripheral embolism after AF ablation proced...
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes and quality of life after PFO closure in patients with previous stroke/TIA of undetermined cause and in patients with other complex PFO-associated clinical conditions. Methods: Betwe...
Background and Objectives: According to guidelines, patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Paradoxial embolism from PFO-mediated right to left shunt has been described as...
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a common postnatal defect of cardiac atrial septation. A certain degree of familial aggregation has been reported. Animal studies suggest the involvement of the Notch pathway and other cardiac transcription factors (GATA...
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a condition present in 20–25% of the general population and can rarely be associated with clinical conditions such as stroke, decompression sickness, desaturation, and migraine with aura. Screening for PFO for prim...
Background: perioperative stroke is one of the major complications after surgery. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) increases the risk of stroke in non-cardiac surgery by right-to-left shunt related to intraoperative hemodynamic alterations, leading to para...
The most frequent noncardiac sources of systemic embolism are mural thrombi within proximal aneurysms, ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques, and paradoxical emboli originating from the venous side of the circulation [...]
Cervical artery dissection (CAD) and Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) are important causes of stroke in young patients. Although PFO is considered an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction in young adults with cryptogenic stroke, other concomitant...
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common cardiac abnormality with a prevalence of 25% in the general population. PFO has been associated with the paradoxical embolism causing cryptogenic stroke and systemic embolization. Results from clinical trials, m...
Ischemia, lack of blood supply, is associated with a variety of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, including acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infraction. While blood flow restoration is critical to prevent further damage, paradoxically, ra...
This review was conducted to emphasize the complex interplay between atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial infraction (MI). In type 1 (T1) MI, AF is frequent and associated with excess mortality. Moreover, AF after hospital discharge for T1MI is no...
Hemophilia patients have a deficiency in or dysfunction of clotting factors, which can lead to a bleeding tendency. However, paradoxically, some hemophilia patients may also be at an increased risk of developing thrombotic events such as deep vein th...
This review examines the intricate relationship between obesity and venous thromboembolism (VTE), highlighting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Obesity is an established independent risk factor for VTE, which in...
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disease defined by the presence of mucosal and cutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arterio-venous malformations. The latter are abnormal capillary-free direct communication...
Background: Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure has been shown to be safe and feasible with a variety of devices, and its clinical efficacy appears favourable compared with medical treatment alone. However, long-term follow-up remains lar...
Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) disease is the second most common cause of mortality in cancer patients, and evaluation and prevention of thrombosis risk is essential. VTE-associated risk varies according to the type of tumor disease. Oral cancer is th...
A 56-year old male with ischemic heart disease and an unremarkable preoperative echocardiogram underwent surgical coronary revascularization. An intraoperative post pump trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TOE) performed while the patient was being vent...
Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with cryptogenic stroke, but mechanisms beyond paradoxical embolism remain unclear. Inflammation, fibrosis-related remodeling, and nitrosative stress may contribute to vascular vulnerability in the...
Baffle leaks are a frequently encountered and often overlooked complication after the atrial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Baffle leaks are present in up to 50% of non-selected patients, and while they initially may not ca...
Background: Extremes of body weight may alter exposure to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and thereby impact clinical outcomes. This ETNA-AF-Europe sub-analysis assessed 1-year outcomes in routine care patients with atrial fibrillation a...
The patient presenting with stroke often has cardiac-related risk factors which may be involved in the mechanism of the stroke. The diagnostic assessment is predicated on recognition of this potential relationship. Naturally, an accurate history is o...
Substantial evidence from previous clinical studies, randomized trials, and patient registries confirms the existence of significant differences in cardiac morphology, pathophysiology, prevalence of specific coronary artery disease (CAD), and clinica...
(1) Background: In routine clinical practice, CHDs are occasionally diagnosed in adulthood, mostly relatively minor defects that become symptomatic later in life. Less frequently, adults may present with complex CHDs that, due to anatomical variation...
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its advanced stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), affect millions worldwide and are associated with a paradoxical hemostatic imbalance—marked by both increased thrombotic and bleeding risks—w...
Fat embolism syndrome is a devastating complication of sickle cell disease resulting from extensive bone marrow necrosis and associated with high mortality rates, while survivors often suffer severe neurological sequelae. Despite that, the syndrome r...
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease with an annual incidence of about 1/1000 persons. About every sixth patient dies within the first 30 days after diagnosis. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the first diagnostic tests perfor...
Background: The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) / high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has emerged as a marker of residual vascular risk; however, its role in patent foramen ovale (PFO)-associated cryptogenic stroke...
Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Its global burden and prevention remain incompletely defined. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PEARL-AIS) to est...
Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder associated with both venous and arterial thrombosis, most notably ischemic stroke. Patients face a high risk of recurrence, and yet optimal strategies for secondary...
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a significant cause of cardiovascular mortality, with risk stratification being critical for optimizing treatment decisions. Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system fu...