The current study investigates the influence of hot rolling on the microstructure evolution of the near-surface region on AA7050 aluminum alloy and the corrosion performance of the alloy. It is revealed that hot rolling resulted in grain refinement i...
Overhead power-transmission lines are one of the most important components of modern infrastructure. Their service life is determined by the state of the near-surface defect layers (NSDLs) of wires constituting these lines. Both the structure and mic...
This paper presents the results of a study of 17%Cr-19%Mn-0.53%N high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with a 25 µm thick dispersion-hardened near-surface layer intended for orthopedic applications. It was modified using a mechanical–t...
Increasing the service life of die casting dies is an important goal of the foundry industry. Approaches are either material- or process-related. Despite new material concepts, hot work steels such as H11 are still predominantly used in the uncoated...
Knowing the vertical distribution of ambient particulate matter (PM) will help port authorities choose the optimal dust-suppression measures to reduce PM concentrations. In this study, we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess the vertical d...
The key objective of this study is to determine the effect of interphase boundaries, the formation of which is caused by the variation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 phases in lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate, on the resistance to nea...
We suggested earlier a new sustainable method for permafrost thermal stabilization that combines passive screening of solar radiation and precipitation with active solar-powered cooling of the near-surface soil layer thus preventing heat penetration...
A two-dimensional mathematical model of moist air convection in the sub-cloud and cloud layers is proposed. A theoretical analysis of the influence of near ground atmospheric parameters on the development of sub-cloud and cloud convection is provided...
In modern economic infrastructure, Al cables of overhead power transmission lines are used both without and with a steel core (respectively, all aluminum alloy conductor (AAAC) and aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) cables). In this article,...
The characterisation of fuel distribution across heterogeneous landscapes is important for wildfire mitigation, validating fuel models, and evaluating fuel treatment outcomes. However, efficient fuel mapping at a landscape scale is challenging. Fuel...
The rapid economic development in East Asia has led to serious air pollution problems in the near-surface layer. Studies have shown that there is an interaction between air pollution and the East Asian upper-level jet, which is an important weather s...
Assessment of the current state of the near-surface part of the geological environment and understanding of its layered structure play an important role in various scientific and applied fields. The presented work is devoted to the application of pha...
The adequate representation of interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere is of crucial importance in modern numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. In this context, this study examines how errors in the planetary boundary layer (PB...
Validating satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) requires resolving spatial and vertical mismatches between remotely sensed measurements and traditional in situ observations. This study evaluates the bias between infrared-based satellite SS...
This study shows the electrodeposition of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys using the advantages of a stepped direct-current deposition in a Cr(III)-containing electrolyte, and its influence on the pH value. The resulting coatings are uniform and free of microcracks,...
This work is devoted to the study of the radiation damage kinetics and subsequent embrittlement of the near-surface layer of SiC ceramics subjected to irradiation with low-energy He2+ ions. Interest in these types of ceramics is due to their great pr...
A new class of biologics is obtained using the technologically processed of antibodies (TPA), which are used as the initial substance, and their dilution at each stage is accompanied by a controlled external vibrational (mechanical) treatment. This a...
The aim of this paper is to test the previously stated hypothesis and several experimental facts about the effect of the ion flux or ion beam current under irradiation with heavy ions on the radiation damage formation in the ceramic near-surface laye...
The implantation of diamonds with helium ions has become a common method to create hundreds-nanometers-thick near-surface layers of NV centers for high-sensitivity sensing and imaging applications; however, optimal implantation dose and annealing tem...
Near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) generated by surface wind forcing are intermittently enhanced below and within the surface mixed layer. The NIW kinetic energy below the surface mixed layer varies over intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal times...
This study utilized Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite level-2 data with high-confidence cloud–aerosol discrimination (|CAD| > 70) to investigate the optical properties, vertical dist...
Mathematical modeling of the heat and mass transfer processes in the evaporating droplet–high-temperature gas medium system is difficult due to the need to describe the dynamics of the formation of the quasi-steady temperature field of evaporat...
Local acidity and electrostatic interactions are associated both with catalytic properties and the adsorption activity of various materials, and with the vital functions of biomolecules. The observation of acid–base equilibria in stable free ra...
The subsurface structure of permafrost is of high significance to forecast landscape dynamics and the engineering stability of infrastructure under human impacts and climate warming, which is a modern challenge for Arctic communities. Application of...
Surface ozone is one of six air pollutants designated as harmful by National Ambient Air Quality Standards because it can adversely impact human health and the environment. Thus, ozone forecasting is a critical task that can help people avoid dangero...
To reduce the size and cost of an integrated infrared (IR) and green airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) system, and improve the accuracy of the green ALB system, this study proposes a method to accurately determine water surface and water bottom heights...
This study investigates the change in internal stresses of ion nitrided and Cr–CrC ion-plasma-coated 20Kh13 steel samples during the incubation period of the droplet impact erosion. To obtain internal stress values, a method based on measuring...
This research investigated how changes in the composition of Nb–Ti–V–Zr-based alloys affect their resistance to radiation damage and the preservation of strength characteristics when exposed to the heavy ions Kr15+ and Xe23+. These...
Narrow layers of severe plastic deformation are often generated near frictional interfaces in deformation processes as a result of shear deformation caused by friction. This results in material behavior that is very different from that encountered in...
Dropsonde-based sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and buoyancy flux were estimated over the sea around the Korean Peninsula in 2021. During a preceding severe weather (SW) mission, a total of 243 dropsondes were released from a National Institute...
The purpose of this paper was to study the kinetics of accumulation of radiation damage in the near-surface layer of a high-entropy NbTiVZr alloy upon irradiation with heavy Kr15+ ions and fluences of 1010–1015 ion/cm2. According to the data of...
The aim of this work is to study the hydrogenation processes in lithium-containing ceramics under high-temperature irradiation. Irradiation was carried out with protons with an energy of 1 MeV and fluences of 1015–1017 ion/cm2 at irradiation te...
This paper presents simulation results of the ionization losses of incident He2+ ions with an energy of 40 keV during the passage of incident ions in the near-surface layer of alloys based on TiTaNbV with a variation of alloy components. For comparis...
Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed during the summer (13 June–20 August) of 2014 at a rural site in North China Plain. The vertical profiles of aerosol extinction (AE) in...
The evolution of the near-surface phytoplankton bloom towards a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) in mid-latitudes and subpolar regions of the global ocean is a well-known biological feature. However, our knowledge about the exact mechanism that determi...
Erecting underground structures in regions with unidentified weak layers, cavities, and faults is highly dangerous and potentially disastrous. An efficient and accurate near-surface exploration method is thus of great significance for guiding constru...
In this work, the effect of irradiation with heavy Kr15+ and Xe22+ ions on the change in the structural and strength properties of CeO2 microstructural ceramics, which is one of the candidates for inert matrix materials for dispersed nuclear fuel, is...
Due to rapid urbanization, the near-surface meteorological conditions over urban areas are greatly modulated. To capture such modulations, sophisticated urban parameterizations with enhanced hydrological processes have been developed. In this study,...
The temperature dependencies of the in-plane (
Surface waves and sea spray play a significant role in air–sea fluxes in high winds. The present study used a marine atmosphere surface layer (MASL), which couples the traditional Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, sea spray generation func...
Recently, the surfaces of concrete structures are impregnated to protect them against the environment in order to increase their durability. It is still not known how the use of these agents affects the near-surface hardness of concrete. This is espe...
Stable boundary layer height (SBLH) is an important parameter to characterize the characteristics and vertical structure of the nocturnal lower atmosphere at night. The distribution of SBLH has obvious spatial and temporal differences, and there are...
The decay of the Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) is studied using large-eddy simulations of free and advective CBLs, in which surface heat supply is suddenly cut off. After the cutoff, coherent convective circulations last about one convective time s...
This paper presents the results of investigating shallow rock mass layers with the use of electrical resistivity tomography. The aim of the study was to assess the condition of near-surface rock mass layers located above shallow mining workings of a...
Urbanization may exert a strong influence on both near-surface and atmospheric moisture. However, studies on the effect of urbanization on atmospheric moisture using remotely sensed observations have been infrequently conducted. To fill this research...
Gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer with a controllable martensite fraction has been synthesized on 316L austenitic stainless steel by means of surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) with temperature being controlled. The mean grain size...
In this study, CoCrFeMnNiW medium-entropy alloy coating on Q235 was fabricated by plasma surfacing technology. The wear performance of the prepared one-layer coating and the two-layer coating was studied by a friction and abrasion tester. The microst...
The vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in the troposphere at the Longfengshan (LFS) regional atmospheric background station (127°36′ E, 44°44′ N, 330.5 m above sea level) from 24 October 2020 to 13...
Large knowledge gaps concerning the effect of ocean surface waves on near-surface vertical distributions of temperature and humidity exist due to practical limitations and sensor fidelity challenges of direct measurements. Measurements of temperature...
The effect of a weak magnetic field (B = 0.17 T) and X-irradiation (D < 520 Gy) on the rearrangement of the defective structure of near-surface p-type silicon layers was studied. It was established that the effect of these external fields increase...
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