The involvement of the brain motor system in idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear. In this paper, we question whether the functional connectivity (FC) of the central motor circuitry is abnormal in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and whether it...
Glial cells play a role in many important processes, though the mechanisms through which they affect neighboring cells are not fully known. Insights may be gained by selectively activating glial cell populations in intact organisms utilizing the acti...
Motor neuron circuitry is one of the most elaborate circuitries in our body, which ensures voluntary and skilled movement that requires cognitive input. Therefore, both the cortex and the spinal cord are involved. The cortex has special importance fo...
Motor recovery following a complete spinal cord injury is not likely. This is partially due to insurance limitations. Rehabilitation strategies for individuals with this type of severe injury focus on the compensation for the activities of daily livi...
Recently, genuine motor abnormalities have been recognized as prodromal and predictive signs of psychosis onset and progression. Therefore, physical exercise could represent a potentially relevant clinical tool in promoting the reshaping of neural co...
Background: Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive impairments, such as executive function deficits and motor delays, which can impact their academic and adaptive functioning as well as their quality of...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with progressive neurodegeneration, affecting both the cortical and the spinal component of the motor neuron circuitry in patients. The cellular and molecular basis of selective neuronal v...
The olivocerebellar circuitry is important to convey both motor and non-motor information from the inferior olive (IO) to the cerebellar cortex. Several methods are currently established to observe the dynamics of the olivocerebellar circuitry, large...
Background: Perinatal brain injury is a leading cause of developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy. However, further work is needed to understand early brain development in the presence of brain injury. In this case report, we examine the...
This study proposes a novel, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor for micro machines with wireless-driven capability. The rotor and stator each have two poles, and the stator utilizes two permanent magnets to provide the required parkin...
Long-term motor training can cause functional and structural changes in the human brain. Assessing how the training of specific movements affects specific parts of the neural circuitry is essential to understand better the underlying mechanisms of mo...
For many, in wheel motors offer a panacea for vehicle design. However history shows the delivery of an acceptable in wheel motor is a deeply challenging task which is dedicated to understanding aggressive torque and speed requirements behind demands...
Predicting and solving EMI emissions related to Common Mode (CM) ones in inverter (including pulse with modulation (PWM) inverter)-induction motor drive systems requires various frequency-dependent effects to be considered. Thus, the application of f...
The primary neural circuit affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients is the corticospinal motor circuit, originating in upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the cerebral motor cortex which descend to synapse with the lower motor neurons (LMNs...
We expanded the original behavioral Ocular Motor System (OMS) model for Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS) by incorporating common types of jerk waveforms within a unifying mechanism. Alexander’s law relationships were used to produce desired INS nul...
In this paper, we describe the multimodal MRI findings in a patient with Wilson disease and a seizure disorder, characterized by an electroclinical picture resembling juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The brain structural MRI showed a deposition of ferrom...
Motor imagery (MI) describes a dynamic cognitive process where a movement is mentally simulated without taking place and holds potential as a means of stimulating motor learning and regaining motor skills. There is growing evidence that imagined and...
The dominantly-inherited ataxias characterised by expanded polyglutamine tracts—spinocere bellar ataxias (SCAs) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and, in part, SCA 8—have all been shown to result in various degrees of c...
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a high-incidence multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics co-occurring with several diverse comorbidities, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity dis...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that is typically characterized by a range of motor dysfunctions, and its impact extends beyond physical abnormalities into emotional well-being and cognitive symptoms. The loss of...
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) has demonstrated potential to beneficially modulate spinal cord motor and autonomic circuitry. We are interested in pairing cervical TSCS with other forms of nervous system stimulation to enhance synaptic...
The control of movements is a fundamental feature shared by all animals. At the most basic level, simple movements are generated by coordinated neural activity and muscle contraction patterns that are controlled by the central nervous system. How beh...
Photobiomodulation (PBM) provides neuroprotection against dopaminergic cell death and associated motor deficits in rodent and primate models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it has not yet been tested in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model...
The cerebellum, the region of the brain primarily responsible for motor coordination and balance, also contributes to non-motor functions, such as cognition, speech, and language comprehension. Maldevelopment and dysfunction of the cerebellum lead to...
In this study, a new wireless electronic circuitry to analyze weight distribution was designed and incorporated into a chair to gather data related to common human postures (sitting and standing up). These common actions have a significant impact on...
This article presents a novel concept of the position estimator algorithm for voice coil actuators used in precision scanning applications. Here, a voice coil motor was used as an actuator and a sensor using the position estimator algorithm, which wa...
Corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) are an indispensable neuron population for the motor neuron circuitry. They are excitatory projection neurons, which collect information from different regions of the brain and transmit it to spinal cord targets, in...
The vertebrate basal ganglia play an important role in action selection—the resolution of conflicts between alternative motor programs. The effective operation of basal ganglia circuitry is also known to rely on appropriate levels of the neurot...
Ageing is accompanied by a severe muscle function decline presumably caused by structural and functional adaptations at the central and peripheral level. Although researchers have reported an extensive analysis of the alterations involving muscle int...
It has been suggested that neuroplasticity-promoting neuromodulation can restore sensory-motor pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI), reactivating the dormant locomotor neuronal circuitry. We introduce a neuro-rehabilitative approach that leverages...
The usage of BLDC motors in the low-power range is increasing rapidly in home appliances such as ceiling fans. This has necessitated the development of reliable, compact and efficient AC-DC power supplies for motor drive circuitry. This paper present...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that can significantly affect an individual’s life, causing paralysis, autonomic dysreflexia, and chronic pain. Transspinal stimulation (TSS) is a non-invasive form of neuromodulation that ac...
Background: Celiac disease (CD) may present or be complicated by neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) probes brain excitability non-invasively, also preclinically. We previously demonstrated an int...
The existing publications on the analysis of power quality indicators in modern electric power supply systems are void of a comprehensive approach to improving these indicators in power systems by implementing multipulse connections. To the authors’...
Cerebellar ataxias (CA) comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a lack of motor coordination. They are caused by disturbances in the cerebellum and its associated circuitries, so the major therapeutic goal is to...
Transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation (TSS) can be used to selectively activate motor pools based on their anatomical arrangements in the lumbosacral enlargement. These spatial patterns of spinal motor activation may have important clinical im...
Transcutaneous (TSS) and epidural spinal stimulation (ESS) are electrophysiological techniques that have been used to investigate the interactions between exogenous electrical stimuli and spinal sensorimotor networks that integrate descending motor s...
The selective degeneration of both upper motor neurons (UMNs) and lower motor neurons (LMNs) is the pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unlike the simple organisation of LMNs in the brainstem and spinal cord, UMNs are embedd...
In this research paper, a hybrid Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) tuned Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) as a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is employed to amend root mean square error (RMSE) of photovoltaic (PV) modeli...
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in physiological processes such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, and maternal and reproductive behaviors. Therefore, dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system are related to a plethor...
24 September 2021
Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) manifest with a combination of motor incoordination, cognitive, affective and recently identified social symptoms. Novel therapies aim to stop the progression of the subgroup of the degenerative ataxias, or even to cure the d...
Spinal cord injury causes critical loss in motor and sensory function. Ventral root avulsion is an experimental model in which there is the tearing of the ventral (motor) roots from the surface of the spinal cord, resulting in several morphological c...
This study evaluates the effect of combined epidural electrical stimulation (EES) applied above (C5) and below (L2) the spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8–9 combined with motor training on the restoration of sensorimotor function in mini pigs. The...
This study aimed to present a model of post-scratching locomotion with two intermixed central pattern generator (CPG) networks, one for scratching and another for locomotion. We hypothesized that the rhythm generator layers for each CPG are different...
Neuroplasticity is a robust mechanism by which the central nervous system attempts to adapt to a structural or chemical disruption of functional connections between neurons. Mechanical damage from spinal cord injury potentiates via neuroinflammation...
Objectives: With the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques, including resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has increasingly been recognized as a complex brain netwo...
In this paper, we introduce and propose a design strategy implemented to mitigate electromagnetic interface (EMI) issues arising from the switching circuitry of dishwashers, encompassing components such as inverters and switched-mode power supplies (...
An increasing number of studies suggests that a novel neuromodulation technique targeting the spinal circuitry enhances gait rehabilitation, but research on its application to stroke survivors is limited. Therefore, we investigated the characteristic...
Multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are the most common atypical parkinsonism (AP) syndromes. They are clinically characterized by varying combinations of levodopa-poorly responsive...
This study proposes Bstick, the first handheld-type haptic controller that can monitor and control the placement of five fingers in real-time using linear motors attached on the fingers. As a handheld device, it can be used with both hands, and it wa...
of 2