56 Results Found

In the present work, the Q345B low-alloy steel with different contents and ER309L stainless steel were melted together to obtain new alloys. The aim was to design the composition of weld metal (Q345B low-alloy steel as the base material and ER309L we...

A mathematical model was developed to describe gas–liquid flow and mixing behavior in a new bottom blown oxygen copper smelting furnace, and the model validation was carried out through a water model experiment. The effects of different nozzle...

Higher requirements for steel smelting technology have been put forward based on the increasing awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection. In the field of iron making, carbon reduction processes are often used. In this study, molt...

Electronic waste is a growing waste stream globally. With 54.6 million tons generated in 2019 worldwide and with an estimated value of USD 57 billion, it is often referred to as an urban mine. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a major component of el...

Nonferrous metal smelting is a potential emission source of trace elements. However, it is vital to identify the dominant factors in determining toxic element (TE) spatial distribution and migration behaviors. We hypothesize that soil clay is the key...

A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition...

The valorization of slag from the production of high-carbon ferrochrome is a challenge for ferrochrome producers. The recycling of high-carbon ferrochrome slag was explored through the smelting route to recover Fe–Si–Al–Cr alloys an...

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the world has grown rapidly during recent decades, and with the depletion of primary ores, there is urgent need for industries to study new sources for metals. Waste printed circuit bo...

Red mud from bauxite processing is among the large-tonnage technogenic waste that poses a significant ecological threat. At the same time, red mud serves as a raw material source for expanding the resource base for obtaining iron, rare metals, and ra...

Improper waste lead-acid battery (LAB) disposal not only damages the environment, but also leads to potential safety hazards. Given that waste best available treatment technology (BATT) plays a major role in environmental protection, pertinent resear...

In this study, the agricultural soil around Zhuzhou Smelter in Zhuzhou district, Hunan, China and Huludao Zinc Plant in Huludao district, Liaoning, China was selected as the research area to discuss the current situation of heavy metal pollution in t...

Due to the increasing demand for battery raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium, the extraction of these metals not only from primary, but also from secondary sources like spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasin...

This study presents the results of laboratory experiments on the processing of lateritic nickel ores mixed with coal and CaO, followed by the use of the obtained product for the smelting of nickel-containing ferroalloy by the metallothermic method. T...

This study covers an in-depth investigation into the properties and practicality of the utilization of up to 40% Alumina Waste Filler (AWF) as a partial Portland Cement (PC) replacement material. AWF is a by-product from the recycling of aluminium, p...

MgO addition plays an essential role in the blast furnace smelting process, including softening-melting characteristics and metallurgical properties of slag. In the present study, the effect of MgO distribution on the softening-melting characteristic...

Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved...

A coherent jet oxygen supply plays a key role in the process of electric arc furnace steelmaking: it provides the necessary oxygen for the smelting of molten steel and promotes the flow of the molten pool. Compared with coherent jets in current use,...

A large amount of carbon dust is generated in the process of aluminum smelting by molten salt electrolysis. The carbon dust is solid hazardous waste but contains a large quantity of recyclable components such as carbon and fluoride. How to recycle ca...

The copper demand and production in China are the largest in the world. In order to obtain the trends of the energy consumption and GHG emissions of copper production in China over a number of years, this paper uses a life cycle analysis method to ca...

South Dongting Lake is an essential aquatic ecosystem that receives substantial water inflows from the Xiangjiang and Zishui Rivers. However, it is significantly impacted by human activities, including mining, smelting, and farming. These activities...

Material from the electric arc furnace smelting of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash was easily converted into highly porous glass-ceramics by a combination of inorganic gel casting and sinter-crystallization at 1000 °C. In par...

Metallic materials play a vital role in the economic life of modern societies; hence, research contributions are sought on fresh developments that enhance our understanding of the fundamental aspects of the relationships between processing, propertie...

There are many advantages of the smelting of vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets by hydrogen-based shaft furnace pre-reduction and electric arc furnace process, including high reduction efficiency, low carbon dioxide emission and high recovery...

Agricultural soils near industrial parks in the Yellow River bend region face severe heavy metal pollution, posing a significant to human health. This study integrated field sampling with laboratory analysis and applied geostatistical analysis, posit...

To address the issues of low solid–liquid mixing and mass transfer efficiency and difficult real-time regulation in the resource utilization of non-ferrous metal smelting slag, this study constructs a research framework integrating Computationa...

Innovative recycling routes are needed to fulfill the increasing demand for battery raw materials to ensure sufficiency in the future. The integration of battery scrap recycling and nickel slag cleaning by reduction with methane was experimentally re...

Hydrogen-based direct reduction is a promising technology for CO2 lean steelmaking. The electric arc furnace is the most relevant aggregate for processing direct reduced iron (DRI). As DRI is usually added into the arc, the behavior in this area is o...

The valorization of aluminum dross for Al recovery was performed via its mixing with metallic copper to produce Al-Cu alloys. This approach was with the intention of establishing a new smelting process to treat the dross with Cu scrap use. To evaluat...

The loss of permeability affects the reduction of the ferrous burden in the cohesive zone of a blast furnace (BF). Vanadia–titania magnetite (VTM) burden of various chemical compositions have different metallurgical properties. The reduction and soft...

During smelting, arsenic in copper concentrates affects the product quality and causes environmental pollution. Removing arsenic minerals from copper concentrates requires environmental-friendly and cost-effective depressants for flotation separation...

In the process of producing ferroalloys, a large amount of secondary raw materials is formed, including slag, aspiration dusts and sludge. The recycling of secondary raw materials can create resources and bring environmental and economic benefits. We...

Soft soil foundations in marine environments are under coupling actions of seawater erosion and dry–wet cycles due to tides. Ferronickel slag is a solid waste produced in the smelting of ferronickel alloys. To recycle industrial solid waste and...

Lithium slag (LS), a solid waste generated during lithium smelting, exhibits significant potential for geopolymer preparation. However, the high shrinkage of lithium slag geopolymer mortar (LSGM) severely restricts its engineering application. Curren...

Copper slag (CS) is produced during the smelting process to separate copper from copper ore. The object of the experimental research is to find the optimum percentage of CS and PPF volume fraction when CS replaces fine aggregate, and PPF volume fract...

The high-temperature roasting/smelting process of copper and zinc concentrates will cause the mercury in the concentrate to evaporate into the flue gas, and most of the mercury in the flue gas will eventually enter the waste acid in its ionic form. A...

In this study, the feasibility indicators of the injection of coke breeze for blast furnaces (BFs) were tested. Experiments were conducted on the combustion behavior of coke breeze at different particle sizes, and the effects of ratio of coke breeze...

The blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) is still the main process used for the production of iron and steel in China. With the approach of the “dual carbon” target, the iron and steel industry needs to transform and upgrade to...

Cr-rich electroplating sludge (CRES) is a complicated solid waste with high contents of chromium and iron. It can be used as a main feed of the FINEX ironmaking process, which requires gas-based reduction before smelting reduction to produce molten i...

The depletion of natural resources remains a major global challenge, emphasizing the need to develop sustainable processes that enable both metal recovery and waste recycling. This study investigates the leaching of valuable metals from lead smelting...

The increase in the concentration of potentially toxic elements in farmland soil attracts more and more attention. To identify the sources of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils, 148 soil samples in Yingtan were selected as a case study,...

Every year, ceramic tile factories and the iron smelting industry produce huge amounts of waste ceramic tiles and blast furnace slag (BFS), respectively. In the field of construction materials, this waste can be used as a raw material for binders, th...

Atmospheric emission of heavy metals from different anthropogenic sources is a great concern to human beings due to their toxicities. In order to disclose the emission levels and the distribution patterns of zinc (Zn) in the modern cement industry wi...

The integration of nanotechnology across various industries has significantly enhanced product quality and manufacturing technologies for diverse materials. Within the construction sector, the adoption of nanomaterials has sparked the advent of innov...

Heavy metal pollution in soils, especially in mineral aggregation areas, presents significant sustainability challenges affecting ecosystem health and human well-being. This study conducted source apportionment and risk analysis of soil heavy metals...

Red mud, a highly alkaline industrial by-product generated during aluminum smelting, poses serious environmental risks such as soil alkalization and ecological degradation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was integrated with advance...

This research is about the utilization of two solid wastes in concrete: foundry sand from the steel smelting process and residual aggregate powder from the asphalt mix production. The solid wastes were added to concrete in contents of 0.0, 5.0, 10, 1...

Ferronickel slag is a by-product of nickel smelting that provides an abundant silica source. Based on data, every ton of nickel production is equal to eight tons of ferronickel slag production, increasing without any recycling process. It is essentia...

Co-treatment for two kinds of hazardous solid waste is an effective method to reduce cost and increase recycle efficiency of value resource. This work developed an integrated process based on capture of red mud (RM) and a one-step heat-treatment proc...

Steel slag is the waste slag generated after steel smelting, which has cementitious activity. However, untreated steel slag can damage the integrity of steel slag concrete due to its harmful expansion. This study prepared porous aggregates by mixing...

While vanadium-extracted tailings contain valuable components, their utilization is difficult due to their high sodium content. In this work, a new oxygen-pressure calcification and alkaline leaching strategy to achieve barium orthovanadate vanadium...