Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive met...
The implication of the heterogeneous spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Macs) has been an important area of investigation over the last decade. The polarization of Macs alters their functional phenotype in response to their surroundi...
The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic...
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activ...
Sex differences in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease are well established, but the effects of sex hormones on macrophage polarization and pro-atherogenic functions are not well described. We hypothesize that sex hormones direc...
Allergy is a type 2 immune reaction triggered by antigens known as allergens, including food and environmental substances such as peanuts, plant pollen, fungal spores, and the feces and debris of mites and insects. Macrophages are myeloid immune cell...
Macrophages play a central role in orchestrating inflammation and immune responses, with their polarization states (M1 or M2) exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-cancer functions. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a...
Macrophages are vital regulators of the host defense in organisms. In response to different local microenvironments, resting macrophages (M0) can be polarized into different phenotypes, pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2), and perform dif...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic joint diseases worldwide, which causes a series of problems, such as joint pain, muscle atrophy, and joint deformities. Benefiting from some advances in the clinical treatment of OA, the qualit...
Cellular cross-talk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by exosomes is known to promote tumor progression. Tumor promoting macrophages with an M2 phenotype are suppressors of anti-tumor immunity. However, the impact of tumor-derived exosomes in m...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The increased prevalence rate and mortality due to CVDs, despite the development of several approaches for prevention and...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes immune cell infiltration, notably macrophages. The role of macrophages in GBM progression is influenced by their polarization state, which...
Pinosylvin is a natural stilbenoid found particularly in Scots pine. Stilbenoids are a group of phenolic compounds identified as protective agents against pathogens for many plants. Stilbenoids also possess health-promoting properties in humans; for...
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as a result. Myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to the detrimental impact of cardiovascular disease....
Celiac Disease (CD) represents an autoimmune disorder triggered by the exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent studies suggest the involvement of macrophages in CD pathogenesis. Macrophages are immune cells, present as pro-i...
To diminish heart failure development after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several preclinical studies have focused on influencing the inflammatory processes in the healing response post-AMI. The initial purpose of this healing response is to cle...
Macrophages, pivotal components of the immune system, orchestrate host defense mechanisms in humans and mammals. Their polarization into classically activated macrophages (CAMs or M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs or M2) dictates dist...
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a familiar and destructive clinical condition characterized by progressive, swift and impaired pulmonary state. It leads to mortality if not managed in a timely manner. Recently the role of imbalanced macrophage...
Background: The aim of this study was to decide the role of the polarization of macrophages regulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Firstly, the secretor...
Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of macrophage polarization on chondrocyte injury in osteoarthritis and the protective effect of apigenin on chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Method: Primary chondrocytes wer...
Macrophages and microglia are implicated in several diseases with divergent roles in physiopathology. This discrepancy can be explained by their capacity to endorse different polarization states. Theoretical extremes of these states are called M1 and...
Macrophages are crucial not only for initiation of inflammation and pathogen eradication (classically polarized M1 macrophages), but also for inflammation inhibition and tissue regeneration (alternatively polarized M2 macrophages). Their polarization...
Tissue regeneration and remodeling involve many complex stages. Macrophages are critical in maintaining micro-environmental homeostasis by regulating inflammation and orchestrating wound healing. They display high plasticity in response to various st...
Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in animal models is not as obvious in humans, and the separating line between M1...
Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the progression of inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how redox signals regula...
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression and immune regulation. As one of the most important components of the tumor microenvironment, macrophages have become a new therapeutic target for inhibiting tumor progression. Des...
The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and migration of macrophages, which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in Akt isoforms or modulation of the Akt activity levels in macrophages significantly...
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, immune cells, and fibrotic tissue within the arterial wall. Among the immune cells that drive this process, macrophages play a central role by mediating bo...
The host immune response plays a central role in determining biomaterial performance, particularly through early macrophage activation dynamics at the tissue–biomaterial interface. This study evaluated the response of THP-1-derived human macrop...
The tumour microenvironment is the surrounding of a tumour, including blood vessels, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, the extracellular matrix and immune cells, especially neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages. In a tumour setting, macrophage...
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary disease with high mortality associated with inflammation. During the development of ALI/ARDS, macrophages usually polarize toward M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages, promo...
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with poor survival rates of late-stage disease. While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has transformed treatment for mismatch repair-deficient...
Fever-range hyperthermia (FRH) is utilized in chronic disease treatment and serves as a model for fever’s thermal component investigation. Macrophages, highly susceptible to heat, play a pivotal role in various functions determined by their pol...
Rather than primary solid tumors, metastasis is one of the hallmarks of most cancer deaths. Metastasis is a multistage event in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor survive in the circulation and disseminate to distant sites. According to...
Two main types of macrophages (Mφ) include inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. These cells can be obtained in vitro by polarization of monocytic cell lines using various stimuli. Since there is currently no consensus on the...
Background/Objectives: Wilms’ tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal tumor in childhood, and although survival rates are high, a subset of patients with high-risk disease remain prone to treatment resistance and relapse. Increasing evide...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the major leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a progressive and irreversible respiratory condition characterized by peripheral airway and lung parenchymal inflammation, accompanied by fibrosis, emphy...
Macrophage polarization has become increasingly important for the improvement of the biocompatibility of biomaterials. In this study, we coated Ti discs with phospholipids (phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine [4:1 mole/mole]) by evaporating the so...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles that contain proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and other molecules, which are widely present in biofluids throughout the body. As a key mediator of intercellular commu...
Macrophages have critical contributions to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, for example, bowel disease and obesity, respectively. However, little is known about the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in macrophage-mediated inflam...
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies-mediated platelet destruction, a prevalence of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype and an elevated T helper 1 and T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th1/Th2) ratio, resu...
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials influence macrophage polarization during bone healing. However, the effect of the crystal phase of CaP materials on the immune response of bone remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the crystal phases of CaP...
Macrophage polarization and infiltration to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determining factor for tumor progression. Macrophages are polarized into two states—M1 (pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic and stimulated by LPS or IFN-γ) and...
Background: Immunomodulatory properties of bisphosphonates (BP) are suggested to contribute to the development of medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Furthermore, bisphosphonate-derived immune modulation might contribute to the an...
Macrophage polarization is influenced by lipids, which also exert significant control over macrophage functions. Lipids and their metabolites are players in intricate signaling pathways that modulate macrophages’ responses to pathogens, phagocy...
Macrophages accumulate in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during hypertension and may contribute to hypertension-associated inflammation. Exercise has shown beneficial effects on hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms by which the activated immune...
Background: Azithromycin (AZM) is widely being used for treating patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) following clinical trials demonstrating improved lung function and fewer incidents of pulmonary exacerba-tions. While the precise mechanisms remain...
The attention on orthopedic biomaterials has shifted from their direct osteogenic properties to their osteoimmunomodulation, especially the modulation of macrophage polarization. Presently, advanced technologies endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), interacting with cancer cells and other components to promote tumor growth. Given the influence of TAMs on tumor progression and resistance to therapy, regu...
Cellular heterogeneity in immune responses helps us fight diverse pathogenic threats. Here, we present a resource-constrained, optimization-based flux-allocation paradigm by which phenotypic heterogeneity emerges in macrophage polarization. We build...
of 38