Pinosylvin Shifts Macrophage Polarization to Support Resolution of Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pinosylvin Enhances M2-Type Macrophage Activation in Murine J774 Cells
2.2. Pinosylvin Inhibits M1-Type Macrophage Activation in Murine J774 Cells
2.3. Pinosylvin Induces M2 Polarization Also in Human U937 Macrophages
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Compounds
4.2. Macrophage Polarization Experiments
4.3. Measurement of mRNA Levels by Quantitative RT-PCR
4.4. Measurement of Protein Levels by Western Blotting
4.5. Cytokine and Nitrite Measurements in Cell Culture Media by ELISA and Griess Method
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer/Probe | Sequence | |
---|---|---|
mArg-1 | forward | 5′-TCCAAGCCAAAGTCCTTAGAGATTAT-3′ |
reverse | 5′-CGTCATACTCTGTTTCTTTAAGTTTTTCC-3′ | |
probe | 5′-CGCCTTTCTCAAAAGGACAGCCTCGA-3′ | |
mYm1 | forward | 5′-AGTGGGTTGGTTATGACAATGTCA-3′ |
reverse | 5′-GACCACGGCACCTCCTAAATT-3′ | |
probe | 5′-AGCTTCAAGTTGAAGGCTCAGTGGCTCA-3′ | |
mGAPDH | forward | 5′-GCATGGCCTTCCGTGTTC-3′ |
reverse | 5′-GATGTCATCATACTTGGCAGGTTT-3′ | |
probe | 5′-TCGTGGATCTGACGTGCCGCC-3′ | |
hGAPDH | forward | 5′-AAGGTCGGAGTCAACGGATTT-3′ |
reverse | 5′-GCAACAATATCCACTTTACCAGAGTTAA-3′ | |
probe | 5′-CGCCTGGTCACCAGGGCTGC-3′ |
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Kivimäki, K.; Leppänen, T.; Hämäläinen, M.; Vuolteenaho, K.; Moilanen, E. Pinosylvin Shifts Macrophage Polarization to Support Resolution of Inflammation. Molecules 2021, 26, 2772. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092772
Kivimäki K, Leppänen T, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. Pinosylvin Shifts Macrophage Polarization to Support Resolution of Inflammation. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2772. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092772
Chicago/Turabian StyleKivimäki, Konsta, Tiina Leppänen, Mari Hämäläinen, Katriina Vuolteenaho, and Eeva Moilanen. 2021. "Pinosylvin Shifts Macrophage Polarization to Support Resolution of Inflammation" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2772. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092772