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9,701 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
Symmetry2026, 18(2), 255;https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18020255 
(registering DOI)

30 January 2026

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a complex technological domain that demands high levels of realism and interactivity. At the core of this immersive experience lies a broad spectrum of mathematical modeling techniques. This survey explores how mat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,120 Views
21 Pages

19 May 2024

The integration of culture and tourism has become an important factor in the development of the cultural tourism industry, and a quantitative measure of the degree of integration is important for understanding and promoting the high-quality developme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,751 Views
34 Pages

18 April 2024

The development of intelligent transportation technology has provided a significant impetus for autonomous driving technology. Currently, autonomous vehicles based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) employ motion control strategies based on sampling t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
725 Views
19 Pages

23 October 2025

As ergonomic and user-centered kitchen design gains importance, integrating built-in appliances such as refrigerators has become common in modern households. However, spatial misalignment and circulation conflicts often disrupt kitchen routines. This...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,636 Views
13 Pages

This manuscript explores the integration of spatial reasoning into K-12 education through the lens of Joyce VanTassel-Baska’s Integrated Curriculum Model (ICM) and a talent development approach. It emphasizes the significance of nurturing spati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
654 Views
17 Pages

15 September 2025

Although the impact of spatial resolution on river flow simulation has been examined in several studies, unresolved uncertainties remain regarding parameter sensitivity and the applicability of different routing models. This study investigated the re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,212 Views
31 Pages

24 July 2022

Accessibility is the ease of reaching opportunities (goods, services, activities, and destinations). Accessibility of desirable locations such as households and commercial locations, is typically scaffolded by land use patterns and transportation inf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,710 Views
15 Pages

21 June 2024

Chromium (Cr) contamination is widely distributed in agricultural soil and poses a threat to agricultural sustainability. Developing integrated models based on soil survey data can be an effective measure to accurately predict the spatial distributio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,054 Views
22 Pages

11 August 2025

Gas hydrate-bearing sediments in marine environments represent both a future energy source and a geohazard risk, prompting increasing international research attention. In the Shenhu area of the South China Sea, a large volume of drilling and laborato...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,481 Views
29 Pages

4 July 2025

Amid intensifying global climate anomalies and accelerating urban expansion, land use systems have become increasingly dynamic, complex, and uncertain. Accurately predicting and scientifically evaluating the evolution of land use patterns is essentia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,143 Views
12 Pages

5 January 2019

With the rapid growth of renewable energy generation, it has become essential to give a comprehensive evaluation of renewable energy integration capability in power systems to reduce renewable generation curtailment. Existing research has not conside...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,354 Views
19 Pages

31 March 2025

The goal of “double carbon” puts forward higher requirements for the control of transport carbon emissions, and the exploration of transport carbon emission modelling driven by big data is an important attempt to reduce carbon accurately....

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,171 Views
26 Pages

18 June 2023

The coupling and coordination of digital economy and urban–rural integration can help narrow the urban–rural gap and help realize comprehensive modernization. Based on the data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, the index systems...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
4,872 Views
23 Pages

3 April 2020

With the speedy growth of economic development, the imbalance of energy supply and demand pose a critical challenge for the energy security of our country. Meanwhile, the increasing and excessive energy consumption lead to the greenhouse effect and a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,110 Views
40 Pages

11 May 2025

Based on data from 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022, this paper employs the Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the effect of integration development of digital intelligence on the quantity and quality of green technology innovation and its region...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,109 Views
19 Pages

13 January 2021

This paper develops a reliable deep-learning framework to extract latent features from spatial properties and investigates adaptive surrogate estimation to sequester CO2 into heterogeneous deep saline aquifers. Our deep-learning architecture includes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,141 Views
23 Pages

2 November 2025

Rural revitalization relies on both industrial upgrading and cultural reinvigoration. Tea-culture–tourism integration has been regarded as a potentially effective route for advancing rural revitalization, yet its interactive relationship and dy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
610 Views
18 Pages

3 December 2025

As the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang still faces problems such as unbalanced development in the process of urban–rural integration, accompanied by the increasingly prominent imbalance between population flow and land resour...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
925 Views
24 Pages

3 July 2025

The imbalance between urban and rural development has become a global structural problem that needs to be solved urgently. In this context, the tourism industry, with its strong correlation and cross-regional integration characteristics, provides a k...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,008 Views
16 Pages

The representations of space and time are fundamental issues in GIScience. In prevalent GIS and analytical systems, time is modeled as a linear stream of real numbers and space is represented as flat layers with timestamps. Despite their dominance in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,910 Views
24 Pages

29 April 2023

This article concerns the identification of connections between the energy intensity of rail transport and spatial integration (convergence processes in the EU and spatial proximity) and the economic situation of countries that are in international e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,559 Views
16 Pages

Multi-Building Energy Forecasting Through Weather-Integrated Temporal Graph Neural Networks

  • Samuel Moveh,
  • Emmanuel Alejandro Merchán-Cruz,
  • Maher Abuhussain,
  • Saleh Alhumaid,
  • Khaled Almazam and
  • Yakubu Aminu Dodo

While existing building energy prediction methods have advanced significantly, they face fundamental challenges in simultaneously modeling complex spatial–temporal relationships between buildings and integrating dynamic weather patterns, partic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,663 Views
20 Pages

The development of contemporary commercial districts has profoundly influenced the high-quality growth of urban space, social vitality, and public well-being. Based on the SOR (stimulus–organism–response) theoretical model, this study int...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,594 Views
24 Pages

15 February 2018

Rainfall stations of a certain number and spatial distribution supply sampling records of rainfall processes in a river basin. Uncertainty may be introduced when the station records are spatially interpolated for the purpose of hydrological simulatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,351 Views
15 Pages

18 May 2020

Integrated assessment modeling at a higher spatial scale is a prerequisite for deriving region-specific implications from the model. The Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) was chosen for GCAM-Korea, a detailed integrated assessment model (IAM) of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
129 Citations
7,439 Views
23 Pages

11 May 2018

The primary objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence metro-bikeshare ridership from a spatial perspective. First, a reproducible method of identifying metro-bikeshare transfer trips was derived using two types of smart-card d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
155 Views
22 Pages

A Study on the Development and Applicability of a Landscape Planning Model Platform

  • Jin-Young Park,
  • Hyun-Ju Cho,
  • Jin-Hyo Kim and
  • Jung-Hwa Ra

15 January 2026

This study aims to establish an integrated landscape planning model and explore its applicability through the convergence of digital twin technology. The primary goal is to address the fragmented implementation of landscape policies and to provide a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,390 Views
19 Pages

18 April 2019

Multifunctional zoning is the primary basis for developing differentiated spatial planning systems and management policies of territorial spaces. The purpose of the paper is to generate an integrated multifunctional zoning scheme of the territorial s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
252 Views
23 Pages

31 December 2025

Although the literature is rich in studies of indoor thermal comfort, there is a lack of research on outdoor thermal comfort, despite its importance in response to global warming and the rise of urban heat islands. Physics models addressing spatial (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,213 Views
23 Pages

IWRM Incorporating Water Use and Productivity Indicators of Economic Clusters Using a Hydro-Economic SDSS

  • Gerald Norbert Souza da Silva,
  • Márcia M. G. Alcoforado de Moraes,
  • Laíse Alves Candido,
  • Carlos Alberto G. de Amorim Filho,
  • Nilena B. M. Dias,
  • Marcelo Pereira da Cunha and
  • Lourdinha Florêncio

IWRM should include the integration of management instruments towards intersectoral efficient water allocation. A platform linking economywide and network-based models, available from a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), was used to analyze allo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,696 Views
19 Pages

Assessing Geographic Overlap between Zero-Dose Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis Vaccination Prevalence and Other Health Indicators

  • Emily Haeuser,
  • Jason Q. Nguyen,
  • Sam Rolfe,
  • Olivia Nesbit,
  • Nancy Fullman and
  • Jonathan F. Mosser

5 April 2023

The integration of immunization with other essential health services is among the strategic priorities of the Immunization Agenda 2030 and has the potential to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health service delivery. This study a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,104 Views
19 Pages

Agent-Based Spatial Dynamic Modeling of Diatraea saccharalis and the Natural Parasites Cotesia flavipes and Trichogramma galloi in Sugarcane Crops

  • Rayanna Barroso de Oliveira Alves,
  • Diego Bogado Tomasiello,
  • Cláudia Maria de Almeida,
  • David Luciano Rosalen,
  • Luiz Henrique Pereira,
  • Hernande Pereira da Silva and
  • Cesar Leandro Rodrigues

23 July 2024

In recent years, sugarcane production areas in Brazil have experienced a slower evolution in productivity, and one of the reasons for this is related to the increase in phytosanitary problems, such as the presence of pests. Nevertheless, limited atte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,890 Views
31 Pages

23 February 2024

The network trend of isolated communities adds urgency to accelerate the deployment of community integrated energy systems (CIES). CIES effectively combines and optimizes multiple energy systems, leveraging their complementarity for efficient utiliza...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,020 Views
25 Pages

12 August 2025

Improving agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) plays a critical role in fulfilling agriculture sustainable development goals (SDGs). China’s agriculture-led Rural Industrial Integration (RII) seeks to synergize rural industrialization with agricul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,146 Views
29 Pages

17 September 2024

Accurate forecasting of high-resolution particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels is essential for the development of public health policy. However, datasets used for this purpose often contain missing observations. This study presents a two-stage approa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,166 Views
28 Pages

13 June 2025

Economic decarbonization has gained attention as a viable way to achieve carbon neutrality without sacrificing high-quality economic development. Regional integration (RI), technological innovation (TI), and the digital economy (DIE) are important de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,114 Views
29 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation and Predictors of Unsuppressed Viral Load among HIV-Positive Men and Women in Rural and Peri-Urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

  • Adenike O. Soogun,
  • Ayesha B. M. Kharsany,
  • Temesgen Zewotir,
  • Delia North,
  • Ebenezer Ogunsakin and
  • Perry Rakgoale

Unsuppressed HIV viral load is an important marker of sustained HIV transmission. We investigated the prevalence, predictors, and high-risk areas of unsuppressed HIV viral load among HIV-positive men and women. Unsuppressed HIV viral load was defined...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,310 Views
18 Pages

21 December 2022

China has achieved success in implementing the rural revitalization strategy and promoting the development of new urbanization. However, there are still many problems in the research and implementation on urban–rural integration development, su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,955 Views
20 Pages

This research deals with the problem of agricultural land market efficiency using the spatial market integration concept as well as the present value (PV) model. Empirically, it aims to test the convergence of agricultural land prices across Polish p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
5,171 Views
12 Pages

30 October 2018

Metro-bikeshare integration is considered a green and efficient travel model. To better understand bikeshare as a feeder mode to the metro, this study explored the factors that influence the activity spaces of bikeshare around metro stations. First,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
11,128 Views
23 Pages

20 November 2023

This article presents an argument for the enhanced utilisation of urban morphology in urban design, drawing inspiration from space syntax theory and methodologies, advocating for the integration of social, economic, and cultural considerations alongs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,205 Views
23 Pages

Accurate and up-to-date data on built-up areas are crucial for urban planning, disaster management, and sustainable development, yet Romania still lacks a unified, official database. In this study we integrated the three widely used global data sourc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,227 Views
24 Pages

6 February 2025

In recent years, there appears to be a notable transition towards preserving heritage on a regional scale, aiming to promote the authenticity and integrity of traditional settlements. The complex natural topography of these settlements, along with th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,841 Views
29 Pages

9 March 2023

As the primary solution to the issue of high passenger traffic in urban areas, rail transit has a significant impact on the structural form of cities and regional development. Additionally, it has varying degrees of a premium effect on land value aro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,011 Views
23 Pages

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-I: Identification of Needs and Solutions

  • Jun She,
  • Anouk Blauw,
  • Lauri Laakso,
  • Baptiste Mourre,
  • Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth and
  • Henning Wehde

The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in European seas is accompanied by many challenges, including efficient and safe operation and maintenance, environmental protection, and biodiversity conservation. Effective decision-making for indus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,377 Views
16 Pages

10 November 2022

Performance-based navigation (PBN) operations based on the required navigation performance (RNP) operations are the trend for civil aviation in the future. In order to further ensure the safety and efficiency of civil aviation operation, RNP will tra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,713 Views
16 Pages

Seamless Integration of Rainfall Spatial Variability and a Conceptual Hydrological Model

  • Yan Zhou,
  • Zhongmin Liang,
  • Binquan Li,
  • Yixin Huang,
  • Kai Wang and
  • Yiming Hu

23 March 2021

Rainfall is an important input to conceptual hydrological models, and its accuracy would have a considerable effect on that of the model simulations. However, traditional conceptual rainfall-runoff models commonly use catchment-average rainfall as in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,038 Views
23 Pages

25 August 2021

The integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) provides a fast and effective method for marginal inference in Bayesian hierarchical models. This methodology has been implemented in the R-INLA package which permits INLA to be used from within R st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
98 Citations
8,063 Views
27 Pages

A Novel Integrated Approach of Relevance Vector Machine Optimized by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Spatial Modeling of Shallow Landslides

  • Dieu Tien Bui,
  • Himan Shahabi,
  • Ataollah Shirzadi,
  • Kamran Chapi,
  • Nhat-Duc Hoang,
  • Binh Thai Pham,
  • Quang-Thanh Bui,
  • Chuyen-Trung Tran,
  • Mahdi Panahi and
  • Lee Saro
  • + 1 author

25 September 2018

This research aims at proposing a new artificial intelligence approach (namely RVM-ICA) which is based on the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) and the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling. A Geograp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,098 Views
18 Pages

29 November 2024

Studying the impact and mechanism of market integration on air quality is significant for promoting continuous improvement of air quality and green development. This article selects panel data from provinces in China from 2014 to 2021, uses a dynamic...

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