The effect of the parent tree on seedling recruitment has been studied in various research studies. The Janzen–Connell (JC) hypothesis states that the closer the seedlings are to the source tree, the greater the risk of mortality and/or impact...
Forest biodiversity is a key element to support ecosystem functions. Measuring biodiversity is a necessary step to identify critical issues and to choose interventions to be applied in order to protect it. Remote sensing provides consistent quality a...
Forest productivity (increment of above-ground biomass) is determined by biodiversity but also by stand structure attributes. However, the relative strengths of these drivers in determining productivity remain controversial in subtropical forests. In...
This research reviews the phenomenon of extractive deforestation as a possible trigger for cascade reactions that could affect part of the forest ecosystem and its biodiversity (surface, aerial, and underground) in tropical, subtropical, and boreal f...
A key challenge in multiple group target tracking is to maintain consistent data association in the presence of dynamic evolutions, i.e., splitting and merging. This paper proposes a Belief Propagation-based Multiple Hypothesis Tracking framework. Th...
To elucidate changes in the defensive traits of tree seedlings under global environmental changes, we evaluated foliar defensive traits of the seedlings of successional trees, such as beech, oak, and magnolia grown in a natural-light phytotron. Potte...
The vascular cambium is the main lateral meristem responsible for the secondary growth of trees. There are a number of explicit and implicit assumptions behind this statement which allow questions to be raised about the mechanism underlying the radia...
Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) plays an important role in regulating the global carbon cycle and is thus an essential component of ecosystem functioning. In the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF), studies have shown...
This paper is focused on the derivation of data-processing and majorization inequalities for f-divergences, and their applications in information theory and statistics. For the accessibility of the material, the main results are first introduced with...
The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) states that all available information is immediately reflected in the price of any asset or financial instrument, so that it is impossible to predict its future values, making it follow a pure stochastic process....
The tracking of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) is one of the vital tasks of autonomous cars. This includes estimating the positions and velocities of VRUs surrounding a car. To do this, VRU trackers must utilize measurements that are received from senso...
In this paper, we consider decision trees that use both conventional queries based on one attribute each and queries based on hypotheses of values of all attributes. Such decision trees are similar to those studied in exact learning, where membership...
In this paper, we consider decision trees that use two types of queries: queries based on one attribute each and queries based on hypotheses about values of all attributes. Such decision trees are similar to the ones studied in exact learning, where...
Conventional decision trees use queries each of which is based on one attribute. In this study, we also examine decision trees that handle additional queries based on hypotheses. This kind of query is similar to the equivalence queries considered in...
In this research, we consider decision trees that incorporate standard queries with one feature per query as well as hypotheses consisting of all features’ values. These decision trees are used to represent knowledge and are comparable to those...
Forests experience disturbances, such as fire, that affect their functioning, structure, and species composition. The objective of this work was to compare the species diversity and forest structure at sites affected by different degrees of fire seve...
The role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) in the emergence and evolution of genetic coding poses challenging questions concerning their provenance. We seek evidence about their ancestry from curated structure-based multiple sequence alignments of...
The simple leaves of deciduous forest trees in temperate zones have more irregular and asymmetric shapes than comparable non-deciduous leaves of trees in the tropics and subtropics. These shapes manifest as the irregular lobes and sinuses of temperat...
As urbanization proceeds, natural ecosystems surrounding cities are transformed, but usually some elements persist, notably trees from forest ecosystems. However, it is still unknown the extent to which isolated trees, immersed in an urban matrix, ma...
Although decades of research have typically demonstrated a positive correlation between biodiversity of primary producers and associated trophic levels, the ecological drivers of this association are poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that t...
Phylogenetic species trees typically represent the speciation history as a bifurcating tree. Speciation events that simultaneously create more than two descendants, thereby creating polytomies in the phylogeny, are possible. Moreover, the inability t...
In this work, a LIDAR-based 3D Dynamic Measurement System is presented and evaluated for the geometric characterization of tree crops. Using this measurement system, trees were scanned from two opposing sides to obtain two three-dimensional point clo...
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary...
The pandemic disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a major threat to amphibian biodiversity. For most species, the exact mechanisms of chytridiomycosis that lead to negative population dynamics remain...
The magnitude of spatial dependence on teak tree growth was examined based on a teak plantation managed by the research and development team at Sabah Softwood Berhad, Brumas camp, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. A sample of 432 and 445 georeferenced individu...
The peninsula effect is a biological diversity pattern found in peninsulas in which the number of species decreases toward the tip of the peninsula. The geometry hypothesis, as one proposed cause of the peninsula effect, attempts to predict this patt...
Incorporating insights from quantum theory, we propose a machine learning-based decision-making model, including a logic tree and a value tree; a genetic programming algorithm is applied to optimize both the logic tree and value tree. The logic tree...
Although genetic diversity within stands of trees is known to have community-level consequences, whether such effects are present at an even finer genetic scale is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that genetic variability (heterozygosity) within a...
In mountainous or hilly areas, the slope aspect affects the amount of solar radiation, with direct consequences on species distribution and tree growth. However, little is known on how the tree shape and volume allometry may be affected by contrastin...
Forest ecosystems depend on species of tree variety. Remote sensing for obtaining large-scale spatial distribution information of tree species diversity is a geoscience research hotspot to overcome the limitations of conventional tree species diversi...
Tree rings provide fruitful information on climate features driving annual forest growth through statistical correlations between annual tree growth and climate features. Indices built upon tree growth limitation by carbon sequestration (source hypot...
Suppose that G is an n-vertex tree with a path
Forest productivity (FP) depends not only on tree species diversity but also on functional traits, stand structure, and environmental factors; however, causation and relative importance remain controversial. The effects of tree species diversity (spe...
Physiological processes cause movements of tree stems and branches that occur in a circadian rhythm and over longer time periods, but there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships. We investigated the movement of...
Norway spruce trees weakened by soil drought and progressive die-off of mycorrhizas in root systems become susceptible to infection by rhizomorphs of Armillaria spp. The developing mycelium of this necrotroph induces resin channels in wood, and the i...
A new method to identify short-rotation eucalyptus plantations by exploring both the changing pattern of vegetation indices due to tree crop rotation and spectral characteristics of eucalyptus in the red-edge region is presented. It can be adopted to...
The first hypothesis of this study is to dissect the factors that impact consumers’ preference toward a specific corporate social responsibility (CSR) project via the framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The second hypothesis is...
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the non-Mendelian transfer of genetic material between organisms, is relatively frequent in prokaryotes, whereas its extent among eukaryotes remains unclear. Here, we raise the hypothesis of a possible cross-phylum HGT...
Climatic force might sharpen the latitudinal gradients of foliar nutrients directly (the Temperature–Plant Physiological hypothesis) or indirectly (either through soil nutrient, the Soil Substrate Age hypothesis, or plant functional type (e.g.,...
Globally, alpine treelines are characterized as temperature-limited environments with strong controls on tree growth. However, at local scales spatially heterogeneous environments generally have more variable impacts on individual patterns of tree gr...
White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees that are resistant or susceptible to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) attack were identified in a southern Quebec plantation. Due to high mortality-induced selective pressures imposed b...
Tree growth is under the combined influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Trees with different sizes may respond differently to these factors, implying that tree size heterogeneity may also modulate the overall growth trend. To test this hypothesis,...
The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a bark beetle that can cause extensive tree mortality of its hosts in western North America. Lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, is one of its primary and most widely distributed hosts. The insect exh...
We analyze the theoretical properties of the recently proposed objective function for efficient online construction and training of multiclass classification trees in the settings where the label space is very large. We show the important properties...
Tree recruitment is a key process underlying stand dynamics and sustainability in managed forests. Woody plant cover is known to affect the regeneration success of Pinus nigra, suggesting the existence of facilitative plant-plant interactions. The re...
Studies of biomass and carbon dynamics and community composition change after forest wind disturbance have predominantly examined trends after low and intermediate severity events, while studies after very severe wind disturbance have been few. This...
Quantifying wind loads acting on forest trees remains a major challenge of wind-tree-interaction research. Under wind loading, trees respond with a complex motion pattern to the external forces that displace them from their rest position. To minimize...
Tree-ring latewood is a key proxy for the reconstruction of climate, especially for temperature. The mechanisms of latewood formation and its responses to climates remain uncertain. Given that the tree-ring latewood of the taproot is absent belowgrou...
Scots pine is an adaptable and prevalent European tree species that grows naturally throughout Europe and has been planted in a wide range of environments. Previous studies have indicated that climatic variables affect tree-ring growth patterns in th...
Intensive cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a “zero deforestation” agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitating its f...
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