The generator matrices of polar codes and Reed–Muller codes are submatrices of the Kronecker product of a lower-triangular binary square matrix. For polar codes, the submatrix is generated by selecting rows according to their Bhattacharyya parameter,...
The amount by which the artificial neural network weights are updated during the training process is called the learning rate. More precisely, the learning rate is an adjustable parameter used in training neural networks in which small values, often...
Forward error correction (FEC) codes combined with high-order modulator formats, i.e., coded modulation (CM), are essential in optical communication networks to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication. The task of providing additional err...
The classical Sierpinski Gasket defined on the equilateral triangle is a typical example of fractals. Sierpinski-like triangles can also be constructed on isosceles or scalene triangles. An explicit formula for the intrinsic metric on the classical S...
The theory of iterated function systems (IFSs) has been an active area of research on fractals and various types of self-similarity in nature. The basic theoretical work on IFSs has been proposed by Hutchinson. In this paper, we introduce a new gener...
Satellite remote sensing (RS) is an important contributor to Earth observation, providing various kinds of imagery every day, but low spatial resolution remains a critical bottleneck in a lot of applications, restricting higher spatial resolution ana...
Homogeneous random fractals form a probabilistic generalisation of self-similar sets with more dependencies than in random recursive constructions. Under the Uniform Strong Open Set Condition we show that the mean D-dimensional (average) Minkowski co...
The coal pillar is an important structure to control the stability of the roadway surrounding rock and maintain the safety of underground mining activities. An unreasonable design of the coal pillar size can result in the failure of the surrounding r...
The transdisciplinary nature of science as a whole became evident as the necessity for the complex nature of phenomena to explain social and life science, along with the physical sciences, blossomed into complexity theory and most recently into compl...
With the use of the particle flow code in two dimensions, a fractal model is established with the number of particles of different particle fractions used as the statistics to study the fractal characteristics of particle size distribution. Numerical...
In this study, we propose an innovative concept that applies an AI-based approach using the random forest algorithm integrated with fractal and discrete wavelet transform features of nuclear chromatin. This strategy could be employed to identify subt...
This review article delves into the growing recognition of fractal structures in mesoscale phenomena. The article highlights the significance of realistic fractal-like aggregate models and efficient modeling codes for comparing data from diverse expe...
In this work, the complex geometry of beams obtained from topology optimization is characterized through the fractal dimension (FD). The fractal dimension is employed as an efficiency measure of the mass distribution in the beams, that is, the capaci...
In this paper, we present the upgraded version of RockGIS, a stochastic program for the numerical simulation of rockfalls and their fragmentation, based on a fractal model. The code has been improved to account for a range of fragmentation scenarios,...
In this paper, we present mathematical geometric models and recursive algorithms to generate and design complex patterns using fractal structures. By applying analytical, iterative methods, iterative function systems (IFS), and L-systems to create ge...
In recent years, intrinsic metrics have been described on various fractals with different formulas. The Sierpinski gasket is given as one of the fundamental models which defined the intrinsic metrics on them via the code representations of the points...
Lorenz curves are a socioeconomic method of coding the statistics of positive-valued random variables. Standing at the confluence of fractals, wealth distributions, and non-Euclidean geometry, this paper presents quadrant Lorenz curves (QLCs): Lorenz...
Accurate characterization of local ship motion remains challenging because conventional AIS trajectory analysis primarily relies on global or averaged motion descriptors that overlook short-term navigation dynamics. This research introduces a fractal...
A pseudorandom sequence is a repeatable sequence with random statistical properties that is widely used in communication encryption, authentication and channel coding. The pseudorandom sequence generator based on the linear feedback shift register ha...
The generation and organization of the invasion front shape of neoplasms is an intriguing problem. The intimate mechanism is not yet understood, but the prevailing theory is that it represents an example of morphogenesis. Morphogenesis requires the p...
The rapid growth of geographic information technologies in the field of processing and analysis of spatial data has led to a significant increase in the role of geographic information systems in various fields of human activity. However, solving comp...
We propose and implement a novel 1-bit coding metasurface that is capable of focusing and steering beam for enhancing power transfer efficiency of the electromagnetic (EM) wave-based wireless power transfer systems. The proposed metasurface comprises...
Currently, standardized classification methods of surrounding rock are relatively insufficient. The classification of surrounding rock mainly relies on the subjective judgment of technicians, leading to diverse evaluation results. This study focuses...
Background: This study aimed to develop a fully nested, information leakage-free machine-learning workflow to predict the volumetric response of meningioma to Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) from pre-treatment MRI and to compare the predictive value...
Aiming to solve the problem of the distinction of scrambled linear block codes, a method for identifying the scrambling types of linear block codes by combining correlation features and convolution long short-term memory neural networks is proposed i...
We present a combinatorial analysis of any maximal set of gate compositions parameterized over a finite alphabet which revealed an underlying fractal structure. Results are presented as global maps in the form of large 2D arrays where each row stands...
We study some fractal properties of the hereditary
We study Riemann-Lebesgue integrability for interval-valued multifunctions relative to an interval-valued set multifunction. Some classic properties of the
As the number of internet users increases so does the number of malicious attacks using malware. The detection of malicious code is becoming critical, and the existing approaches need to be improved. Here, we propose a feature fusion method to combin...
Deep learning for semantic segmentation has made significant advances in recent years, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Medical image segmentation, as a key component of healthcare systems, plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment pla...
SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) is a framework for explainable AI that makes explanations locally and globally. In this work, we propose a general method to obtain representative SHAP values within a repeated nested cross-validation procedure an...
The classification and recognition of features play a vital role in production and daily life; however, the current semantic segmentation of remote sensing images is hampered by background interference and other factors, leading to issues such as fuz...
In this review, we consider transformations of axial symmetry in metazoan evolution and development, the genetic basis, and phenotypic expressions of different axial body plans. In addition to the main symmetry types in metazoan body plans, such as r...
Complexity quantification, through entropy, information theory and fractal dimension indices, is gaining a renewed traction in psychophsyiology, as new measures with promising qualities emerge from the computational and mathematical advances. Unfortu...
The Brazilian Forest Code regulates Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR) across all federative states. These areas support the maintenance of ecological functions and are essential for biodiversity conservation and environmental...
The performance evaluation of wind power forecasting under commercially operating circumstances is critical to a wide range of decision-making situations, yet difficult because of its stochastic nature. This paper firstly introduces a novel TRSWA-BP...
Image encryption methods aim to protect content privacy. Typically, they encompass scrambling and diffusion. Every pixel of the image is permuted (scrambling) and its value is transformed according to a key (diffusion). Although several methods have...
Objective: Pediatric cancer, though less prevalent than adult malignancies, constitutes a significant public health concern due to its long-term effects on survival, development, and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate spatial patterns a...
A standard model, one of the lattice Boltzmann models for incompressible flow, is broadly applied in mesoscopic fluid with obvious compressible error. To eliminate the compressible effect and the limits in 2D problems, three different models (He-Luo...
As an important part of the urban landscape, lakes not only enhance the overall environmental quality of a city, but also strengthen the residents’ sense of well-being and cultural identity. With the acceleration of urbanization, the water qual...
Façade design has long oscillated between repetitive order and visual disorder, and computational tools now make controlled irregularity easy to generate but hard to build; comparatively few studies follow a stochastic envelope from algorithm...
The town of Guano, located in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, is a canton renowned for its concentration of cultural expressions related to traditional artisanal techniques, such as the production of garments and leather goods, tanning, textile...