The running biomechanics of unstable shoes have been well investigated, however, little is known about how traditional neutral shoes in combination with unstable design elements and scientifically (bionic) designed shoes influence prolonged running b...
Cleated footwear in football increasingly incorporates sex-specific design features intended to address a clear gap in anthropometric and biomechanical differences in female athletes. However, experimental evidence evaluating how these designs may in...
13 October 2026
Background: The selection of appropriate footwear during childhood is crucial for healthy foot development, gait acquisition, and long-term musculoskeletal health. Despite the wide variety of children’s footwear available, there is no clear con...
Background: High-heeled footwear is widely used by women, yet its systemic influence on spatiotemporal gait parameters, pelvic kinematics, and propulsion across a range of heel heights remains incompletely characterised. This study aimed to quantify...
(1) Background: This study investigated the impact of different footwear conditions on the biomechanics of individuals with Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) during single-leg drop landing movements. (2) Methods: Fifteen participants with FAI and a...
In recent years, advanced footwear technology (AFT) has been shown to improve performance in long-distance road running by altering biomechanics and perceived comfort. This type of footwear is now being marketed for mountain running, although its eff...
This study’s aim was to examine the effect of non-Newtonian fluid (NN) shoe and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) shoe on human lower limb biomechanics and muscle activation during running in hot temperatures. Thirty-five men utilizing a rearfoot st...
Footwear is among the most important equipment in sports to decrease injuries and enhance performance during exercise. In this study, we investigated differences in lower extremity plantar pressure and muscle activations during jump rope activities....
Footwear geometry plays an important role in determining mechanical performance, plantar load distribution, comfort, and foot stability during gait. Understanding how constructive design parameters influence foot biomechanics is essential for develop...
Running velocity is an important methodological factor in footwear research, given its potential influence on biomechanical parameters used to evaluate shoe-specific effects. Since most previous studies have assessed footwear effects at standardized...
Soccer is the most widely practiced sport globally, but is also associated with a high incidence of lower limb injuries. Among multiple risk factors, soccer footwear represents a crucial biomechanical interface affecting traction, proprioception, and...
Background: Footwear may influence paediatric gait biomechanics, yet evidence across footwear types and barefoot conditions remains heterogeneous. This review aimed to synthesise evidence on how footwear affects gait biomechanics in children and adol...
Background/objectives: In this paper, we review and discuss epidemiological and experimental evidence on the effects of daily footwear on gait and life-long health. We consider different types of footwear, including “minimal shoes”, and t...
The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of materials and their position within the upper assembly on the behaviour of casual footwear using finite element simulation tools. The study was carried out on three models of casual footwear...
Since the introduction of advanced footwear technology (AFT) in 2017, numerous world records from 5 km to the marathon have been broken. Among these innovations, carbon-plated shoes have received particular attention. Previous research indicates impr...
Footwear properties can influence physiological and biomechanical variables, which may lead to positive changes in distance running performance. One innovative development in running shoe technology is adding carbon fiber plates to increase midsole b...
With the global rise in the prevalence of diabetes, diabetic patients need innovative footwear designs to reduce the risk of foot ulcers. This study examined the mechanical properties of diabetic shoe midsoles featuring auxetic lattice structures. Th...
Introduction: Therapeutic footwear has been often prescribed in clinical practice for accommodating foot deformities and preventing the development of ulceration, yet scientific evidence is limited and outdated. This study aimed to investigate the ef...
While design modifications present on work boots improve safety, they may not always provide optimal human performance during work tasks. Understanding the impact of these different design features on biomechanical and physiological postural control...
Background: Lacing techniques are often viewed as a functional necessity, but recent research has highlighted their role as a customization tool for foot health and comfort. This review synthesizes findings from studies examining the biomechanical ef...
Carbon plate running shoes (CPRSs) have gained widespread popularity among elite and amateur runners, representing one of the most substantial changes in running gear over the past decade. Compared to elite runners, however, amateurs run at lower spe...
This review aims to synthesize and discuss the potential effects of a stack height modification on the function of the different footwear features and their effects on running performance. Peer-reviewed studies were identified from electronic databas...
Alterations in running shoe design have been studied and used in the prevention of injury and enhancement of performance allowing running shoe companies to market to a variety of runners based on skill level, foot-strike pattern, and even sex. These...
Background: Long-distance running is popular but associated with a high risk of injuries, particularly toe-related injuries. Limited research has focused on preventive measures, prompting exploration into the efficacy of raised toe box running shoes....
This study examined the effects of minimal, maximal and conventional running footwear on tibial strains and stress fracture probability using finite element and probabilistic analyses. The current investigation examined fifteen males running in three...
The running biomechanics of running shoes have been extensively investigated. However, there is limited knowledge about the use of bionic shoes compared to neutral shoes, along with the velocities involved in their use. The aim of this study was to e...
Pressure-relieving footwear helps prevent foot ulcers in people with diabetes. The footwear design contributes to this effect and includes the insole top cover. We aimed to assess the offloading effect of materials commonly used as insole top cover....
Forefoot offloading footwear is widely used in postoperative care, trauma management, and the prevention of diabetic foot ulceration, where redistribution of plantar load must be achieved without compromising gait stability. This study evaluated plan...
(1) This study aims to enhance the precision of ergonomic fitting in traditional shoe size selection by integrating literature and measured biometric data. (2) A correlation table between biometric features and shoe models was established, which was...
Foot strike mode and footwear features are known to affect ankle joint kinematics and loading patterns, but how those factors are related to the ankle dynamic properties is less clear. In our study, two distinct samples of experienced long-distance r...
This study investigated differences in lower extremity muscle activations and vertical stiffness during a 2.2 Hz jump rope exercise with different midsole hardnesses (45, 50, 55, and 60 Shores C). Twelve healthy male participants wore customized shoe...
Lateral stepping is a motor task that is widely used in everyday life to modify the base of support, change direction, and avoid obstacles. Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) are often analyzed to describe postural preparation prior to forward...
Previous studies on gender differences in running biomechanics have predominantly been limited to joint angles and have not investigated a potential influence of footwear condition. This study shall contribute to closing this gap. Lower body biomecha...
Background: The biomechanical interaction within the foot–footwear system plays a critical role in load distribution, impact attenuation, and locomotor function. While footwear and orthoses have been widely studied, the role of socks as an inte...
Previous studies have used accelerometers with various operating ranges (ORs) when measuring biomechanical parameters. However, it is still unclear whether ORs influence the accuracy of running parameters, and whether the different stiffnesses of foo...
Children’s footwear plays an important role in the healthy growth of foot and gait development during the growing stage. This review aims to synthesize findings of previous investigations and to explore the biomechanical influences of different...
The foot deformation approach (FDA) estimates the ground reaction force (GRF) and moment (GRM) from kinematic data with practical accuracy, low computational cost, and no requirement for training data. Our previous study demonstrated practical estima...
Nowadays, footwear serves an essential role in improving athletic performance and decreasing the risk of unexpected injuries in sports games. Finite element (FE) modeling is a powerful tool to reveal the biomechanical interactions between foot and fo...
American football is the sport with the highest rates of concussion injuries. Biomedical engineering applications may support athletes in monitoring their injuries, evaluating the effectiveness of their equipment, and leading industrial research in t...
Although various sports footwear demonstrated marked changes in running biomechanical variables, few studies have yielded definitive findings on the underlying mechanisms of shoe constructions affecting running-related performance and injuries. There...
Background/Objectives: Children continually learn and develop new motor skills towards mastery, resulting in varying movement patterns at different stages of motor competence. Understanding this progression and confidently recognising development del...
Background: Running is a popular physical activity known for its health benefits but also for a high incidence of lower-limb injuries. This study examined the effects of three biomechanical interventions—cadence adjustments, footwear modificati...
In this paper, to investigate the independent effect of the construction of the forefoot carbon-fiber plate inserted to the midsole on running biomechanics and finite element simulation, fifteen male marathon runners were arranged to run across a run...
Advanced footwear technology featuring stack heights higher than 30 mm has been proven to improve running economy in elite and recreational runners. While it is understood that the physiological benefit is highly individual, the individual biomechani...
Accurate, consistent measurement of foot-ankle geometry is essential for the design and manufacture of well-fitting, functional, comfortable footwear; for the diagnosis of certain biomechanical disorders; and for consistent longitudinal monitoring an...
Background: Advanced footwear technology (AFT) has gained popularity among non-elite runners due to its potential benefits in training and competition. This study investigated the training practices and reported outcomes in non-elite runners using AF...
18 January 2023
This study examined what footwear type influenced plantar pressure and lower extremity muscle activations in jump rope training. Ten healthy physical-education graduate students participated in this study. The biomechanical parameters during the jump...
Walking, a fundamental human activity, has significant implications for health. This study aimed to determine the influence of different types of footwear (boots, running shoes, and indoor court shoes) on maximum plantar force and pressure. The sampl...
This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025101243), aimed to evaluate how specific badminton shoe design features influence lower-limb biomechanics, injury risk, and sport-specific performance. A comprehensive search in six databases yie...
Slip and fall accidents are widespread in workplaces and on walkways. Slipping is generally initiated by a sudden change in the flooring properties or due to a low available traction at the shoe–floor interface. To measure shoe-floor traction,...
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