Height detection of a low elevation angle target is crucial in radar applications. Due to the presence of the multiple path reflections, elevation angle estimation is difficult with conventional narrowband radar waveforms. The reflection ground area...
For the DOA (direction of arrival) estimation of a low-elevation-angle target under the influence of a multipath effect, this paper proposes a DOA estimation method based on CAE (convolutional autoencoder) and CNN (convolutional neural network). The...
It is challenging to estimate the elevation angle of low-altitude targets due to the multipath effect. Various signal processing techniques have been proposed to mitigate these effects, including the use of multi-frequency signals as opposed to singl...
In a low-angle tracking situation, estimating the elevation angle is challenging due to the entrance of the multipath signals in the antenna’s main lobe. In this article, we propose two methods based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and frequency...
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D)-subspace-based azimuth angle, elevation angle, and range estimation method with auto-pairing is proposed for frequency-modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) radar with an L-shaped array. The proposed method is d...
This paper addresses the problem of the two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D DOA) estimation of low-elevation or non-low-elevation targets using L-shaped uniform and sparse arrays by analyzing the signal models’ features and their mapping t...
This study addresses the problem of accurately predicting azimuth and elevation angles of signals impinging on an antenna array employing Machine Learning (ML). Using the information obtained at a receiving system when a transmitter’s signal hi...
This paper proposes a solution for merging the measurements from two perpendicular profiling sonars with different beam-widths, in the context of underwater karst (cave) exploration and mapping. This work is a key step towards the development of a fu...
It is essential to accurately estimate rainfall to predict and prevent hydrological disasters such as floods. In this paper, an electromagnetic wave rain gauge system and a method to estimate average rainfall using the system’s multiple elevati...
Gesture recognition technology has been quickly developed in the field of human–computer interaction. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is popular in gesture recognition because of its notable spatial resolution. This work propose...
Coordinated positioning based on direction of arrival (DOA)–time difference of arrival (TDOA) is a research area of great interest in beyond-visual-range target positioning with shortwave. The DOA estimation accuracy greatly affects the accurac...
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for conformal arrays is challenging due to non-omnidirectional element patterns and shadow effects. Conical conformal array (CCA) can avoid the shadow effect at small elevation angles. So CCA is suitable for DOA...
In this paper, the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with parallel linear arrays is addressed. Two array manifold matching (AMM) approaches, in this work, are developed for the incoherent and coherent signals, resp...
To reduce the influence of gain-phase errors and improve the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, a robust sparse Bayesian two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation method with gain-phase errors is proposed for L-shaped sensor arrays. The...
We consider the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of the frequency hopping (FH) signal. The frequency hopping (FH) signal has been widely used for communication to control UAVs. Since the frequency of the FH signal is continuously changing, a mis...
This paper investigates the estimation of parameters—including the elevation angle, azimuth angle, polarization auxiliary angle, polarization phase difference, frequency and range of near-field sources in a Polarimetric Uniform Linear Array (P-...
High-precision two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation is an important mean of millimeter-wave radar for accurate target location. Aiming at the problems such as limited antenna aperture, signal coherence, and a few snapshots in mill...
This paper proposes an underwater broadband target depth estimation method based on the multipath arrival structure in medium and short-range deep-sea environments. The proposed approach involves separating the multipath rays arriving at the vertical...
Sensor arrays are gradually becoming a current research hotspot due to their flexible beam control, high signal gain, robustness against extreme interference, and high spatial resolution. Among them, spherical microphone arrays with complex rotationa...
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) presents unique challenges in terms of localization techniques. While three-dimensional (3D) environments offer extra challenges to enhanced accuracy and realism,...
Due to its widespread application in communications, radar, etc., the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal has become increasingly urgent in the field of localization. Under uniform circular array (UCA) and near-field conditions,...
The range between a sensor and the target, the incidence angle, and the target reflectance, are known factors that can influence the intensity values of LiDAR data and consequently, its use in many applications. However, very few studies have provide...
A spherical antenna array (SAA) is the configuration of choice in obtaining an antenna array with isotropic characteristics. An SAA has the capacity to receive an electromagnetic wave (EM) with equal intensity irrespective of the direction-of-arrival...
This paper presents an efficient two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method, termed as decoupled projected atomic norm minimization (D-PANM), to solve the angle-ambiguity problem. It first introduces a novel atomic metric via p...
The super dual auroral radar network (SuperDARN) is an important tool in the remote sensing of ionospheric potential convection in middle and high latitudes, and also a major source of elevation data detection. A reliable elevation angle helps estima...
Forest canopy height (FCH) is a key parameter for estimating forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon storage. The integration of GEDI relative height products and single-angle imagery has been widely applied in FCH estimation. However, GEDI geolo...
In this paper, we combine the acoustic vector-sensor array parameter estimation problem with the parallel profiles with linear dependencies (PARALIND) model, which was originally applied to biology and chemistry. Exploiting the PARALIND decomposition...
The turbulent energy dissipation rate (EDR) is a quantitative measure of turbulence intensity, and it is widely used across various fields. Accurate estimation of EDR using Doppler lidar depends on the choice of estimation technique and scanning stra...
A high-accuracy algorithm is presented for the localization of mixed incoherent near-field and far-field narrow-band sources under uniform circular array (UCA). Herein, considering that it is difficult to classify the mixed sources, we first decouple...
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) provide essential position, velocity, and time (PVT) information worldwide. Accurate evaluation of GNSS signals and receiver performance requires realistic simulation environments, particularly for the carr...
The angle of arrival (AOA) is widely used to locate a wireless signal emitter in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization. Compared with received signal strength (RSS) and time of arrival (TOA), AOA has higher accuracy and is not sensitive to the t...
As an emerging technique for detection, electromagnetic vector sensor multiple-input multiple-output (EVS-MIMO) radar has attracted extensive interest recently. This paper focuses on the coherent targets issue in EVS-MIMO radar, and a spatial smoothi...
Songbirds are one of the study targets for both bioacoustic and ecoacoustic research. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of robot audition techniques to understand the dynamics of forest bird vocalizations in a soundscape measured in azimuth...
The elevation angle influence on coastal GNSS-R ocean code-based altimetry for GPS signals (L1 C/A and L5) and BDS B1 signals is investigated, and the corresponding correction method is presented. The study first focuses on the coastal ocean altimetr...
To reduce the negative effect on sound source localization when the source is at an extreme angle and improve localization precision and stability, a theoretical model of a three-plane five-element microphone array is established, using time-delay va...
In this paper, we assess, in the framework of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, the accuracy of GNSS propagation delays corresponding to the Saastamoinen zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) model and the Vienna Mapping function VMF1/V...
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation methods are highly versatile and find extensive applications in satellite communication. DoA methods are employed across a range of orbits, from low Earth orbits (LEO) to geostationary Earth orbits (GEO). They se...
In very-high-frequency (VHF) radar, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance of low-angle targets tracking is strongly affected by the multipath phenomenon. Especially in the complex terrain conditions, the multipath echo comes from a re...
Multi-dimensional parameters joint estimation of multi-targets is introduced to implement super-resolution sensing in range, velocity, azimuth angle, and elevation angle for frequency-modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) radar systems. In this paper,...
In the visible light positioning (VLP) system, the received signal strength (RSS) algorithm has a better signal noise ratio performance than the time difference of arrival (TDOA) algorithm, while the RSS algorithm needs to work under the condition th...
As large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations continue to expand, the potential of their signal strength for positioning applications should be fully leveraged. For high-precision angle of arrival (AOA) estimation, current spectrum search algor...
Obtaining good measurement performance with meter wave radar has always been a difficult problem. Especially in low-elevation areas, the multipath effect seriously affects the measurement accuracy of meter wave radar. The generalized multiple signal...
The anomalous propagation conditions, particularly the tropospheric ducts, severely impact the regular operation and performance evaluation of radio devices in the atmospheric boundary layer. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the regional distrib...
At L-band (1–2 GHz), and particularly in microwave radiometry (1.413 GHz), vegetation has been traditionally modeled with the τ-ω model. This model has also been used to compensate for vegetation effects in Global Navigation Satellite...
mmWave radars play a vital role in autonomous systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), ground station control and monitoring systems. The challenging task when using mmWave radars is to estimate the accurate...
Aiming at the requirements of rapidity, high precision, and robustness for the longitudinal trajectory control of the receiver aircraft in autonomous aerial refueling, a direct lift control (DLC) strategy that integrates incremental nonlinear dynamic...
To address scale-like errors in local point clouds caused by pitch angle errors in unmanned aerial vehicle-borne LiDAR bathymetry (UAV-ALB) systems, this study proposes a correction method based on scanline keypoint constraints. First, the point clou...
Benefits from the modernized US Global Positioning System (GPS), the revitalized Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and the newly-developed Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and European Galileo, multi-constellation...
The degree of freedom (DOF) is an important performance metric for evaluating the design of a sparse array structure. Designing novel sparse arrays with higher degrees of freedom, while ensuring that the array structure can be mathematically represen...
This paper presents an estimation based backstepping like control law design for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to track a moving target in 3-D space. A ground-based sensor or an onboard seeker antenna provides range, azimuth angle, and elevation a...
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