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669 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,236 Views
25 Pages

An Assessment of Individuals’ Systems Thinking Skills via Immersive Virtual Reality Complex System Scenarios

  • Vidanelage L. Dayarathna,
  • Sofia Karam,
  • Raed Jaradat,
  • Michael A. Hamilton and ,
  • Parker Jones,
  • Emily S. Wall,
  • Safae El Amrani,
  • Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain and
  • Fatine Elakramine
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

This study utilized the application of authentic Virtual Reality (VR) to replicate the real-world complex system scenarios of a large retail supply chain. The proposed VR scenarios were developed based on an established systems thinking instrument th...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,162 Views
19 Pages

Human Resource Management in Complex Environments: A Viable Model Based on Systems Thinking

  • Mario Aguilar-Fernández,
  • Graciela Salgado-Escobar and
  • Andrés David Barragán-Hernández

14 November 2024

Developing the company’s capacity to deal with changing environments means ceasing to see processes as a traditional and linear model. Therefore, the objective of this research is to apply VSM to HRM to show its complexity. It is qualitative re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability, Complexity and Resilience: Insights from Complex Systems Approaches)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
11,392 Views
12 Pages

7 December 2020

Many authors have sought to summarize what they regard as the key features of “complexity”. Some concentrate on the complexity they see as existing in the world—on “ontological complexity”. Others highlight “cognit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systemic Thinking in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis)
  • Review
  • Open Access
288 Views
22 Pages

12 October 2026

Multicultural classrooms can be understood as complex adaptive learning environments in which cultural diversity, collaborative interaction, and systemic reasoning interact in non-linear ways. Although systems thinking, cooperative learning, and mult...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,361 Views
16 Pages

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a wicked problem that is defined by rapidly evolving and dynamic conditions, where the physical world changes (e.g., pathogens mutate) and, in parallel, our understanding and knowledge rapidly progress. Various preve...

(This article belongs to the Section Health Informatics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,166 Views
13 Pages

18 August 2020

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory is acquiring mainstream recognition in sustainable community building. In this paper, we bring the applicability of CAS theory into sharper focus, highlighting its potential for integrating complexity and adaptiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
8,812 Views
13 Pages

The multidimensionality and complexity of assuring food security in a sustainable and inclusive way requires us to think in systems. Yet, sector specific models or agricultural productivity models are not able by construction to represent the non-lin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed, Interconnected and Democratic Agri-Food Economies: New Directions in Research)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
7,541 Views
24 Pages

Development of Perceived Complex Problem-Solving Instrument in Domain of Complex Systems

  • Morteza Nagahi,
  • Alieh Maddah,
  • Raed Jaradat and
  • Mohammad Mohammadi

The ability to solve modern complex systems becomes a necessity of the 21st century. The purpose of this study is the development of an instrument that measures an individual’s perception toward solving complex problems. Based on literature and defin...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,102 Views
19 Pages

From One Cause to Webs of Causality

  • Derek Cabrera and
  • Laura Cabrera

25 June 2025

Wicked problems defy simple solutions. From climate change to mass shootings, their causes are not singular but systemic, interconnected, and often politicized. Yet in both public discourse and policy design, one-cause and root-cause thinking continu...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,122 Views
17 Pages

16 May 2022

Sustainable learning requires students to develop knowledge and skills for survival in increasingly complex and dynamic environments. The development of systems thinking skills for exploring complex dynamic systems is regarded as crucial to sustainab...

(This article belongs to the Collection Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching: Sustainable Education)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
21,428 Views
22 Pages

DSRP Theory: A Primer

  • Derek Cabrera and
  • Laura Cabrera

2 March 2022

DSRP Theory is now over 25 years old with more empirical evidence supporting it than any other systems thinking framework. Yet, it is often misunderstood and described in ways that are inaccurate. DSRP Theory describes four patterns and their underly...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
10,786 Views
21 Pages

18 August 2014

Despite many efforts to deal with the various complex issues facing our societies, plans and problem solutions are seldom long lasting, because we, as individuals, and our leaders are most likely to fall into the trap of using traditional linear thin...

(This article belongs to the Section Social Climate, Challenges, Trends, and Transitions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
9,465 Views
34 Pages

4 March 2022

In the field of systems thinking, there are far too many opinioned frameworks and far too few empirical studies. This could be described as a “gap” in the research but it is more like a dearth in the research. More theory and empirical va...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
115 Citations
28,777 Views
26 Pages

Systems Thinking: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis

  • Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain,
  • Vidanelage L. Dayarathna,
  • Morteza Nagahi and
  • Raed Jaradat

Systems thinking (ST) is an interdisciplinary domain that offers different ways to better understand the behavior and structure of a complex system. Over the past decades, several publications can be identified in academic literature, focusing on dif...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,075 Views
31 Pages

Digital Learning Hubs: Evaluating Their Role in Fostering Complex and Computational Thinking

  • Inés Alvarez-Icaza,
  • Luis Magdiel Oliva-Córdova,
  • Rasikh Tariq and
  • José Luis Martín-Núñez

19 January 2026

Digital Learning Hubs and educational repositories are key tools to offer innovative educational experiences in the context of the digital transformation of education. However, their evaluation has often been approached from fragmented perspectives,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
269 Views
22 Pages

A Scoping Review of Systems Thinking in Undergraduate STEM Education

  • Haoming Fan,
  • Kevan W. Lamm,
  • Alexa J. Lamm,
  • Catherine E. Sanders and ,
  • Katy Guthrie,
  • Pedro E. Urriola and
  • Derrick J. Coble
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

12 October 2026

Systems thinking has gained increasing visibility among contemporary STEM education as a means to prepare undergraduates to solve multifaceted challenges and understand connections across disciplines. However, the current educational field lacks a un...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Systems Thinking in Higher Education: Frameworks, Pedagogies, Interdisciplinary Practices and Challenges)
  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
15,481 Views
25 Pages

Integrating Systems Thinking and Behavioural Science

  • John A. Parkinson,
  • Ashley Gould,
  • Nicky Knowles,
  • Jonathan West and
  • Andrew M. Goodman

21 March 2025

Traditional approaches to changing health behaviours have primarily focused on education and raising awareness, assuming that increased knowledge leads to better decisions. However, evidence suggests these methods often fail to result in sustained be...

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,691 Views
23 Pages

13 November 2015

In comparison to their performance with normative standards or even simple heuristics, humans do not perform well in complex decision-making. The application of systems thinking to help people to understand and handle interdependent and complex syste...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Decision Making in Controlled Experiments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,254 Views
39 Pages

19 April 2022

The importance of perspective-taking crosses disciplines and is foundational to diverse phenomena such as point-of-view, scale, mindset, theory of mind, opinion, belief, empathy, compassion, analysis, and problem solving, etc. This publication gives...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
13,023 Views
19 Pages

2 June 2018

Holistic Management (HM) is a grazing practice that typically uses high-intensity rotation of animals through many paddocks, continually adapted through planning and monitoring. Despite widespread disagreement about the environmental and production b...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agroecology for the Transition towards Social-Ecological Sustainability)
  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,367 Views
42 Pages

25 September 2025

Framed within the lens of systems theory and sociotechnical systems thinking, this systematic review examines telehealth as a complex adaptive system and dynamic health system shaped by the interactions between interconnected technological, social, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
204 Views
26 Pages

As a falsifiable hypothesis, a set of five ontologically primitive types of pairwise interactions between sub-systems within systems are put forward as the universal building blocks for all naturally occurring systems. These interaction types are pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,962 Views
25 Pages

Investigating Systems Complexity with the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) Using Multiple Models: Introducing High School Students to Approaches in Mechanobiology

  • Amanda M. Cottone,
  • Zheng Bian,
  • Jianan Zhao,
  • Susan A. Yoon and ,
  • Talar Kaloustian,
  • Haowei Li and
  • Rebecca G. Wells
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

23 March 2026

Understanding and developing habits in complex systems thinking using STEM-integrated perspectives is essential in addressing education and workforce needs in society. In this study, we investigated a learning intervention that incorporated multiple...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Theory and Methodology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
58 Citations
19,038 Views
33 Pages

3 October 2019

With the introduction of Industry 4.0, occupational health and safety finds itself confronted with new types of hazards. Many Industry 4.0 innovations involve increased machine intelligence. These properties make socio-technical work in Industry 4.0...

(This article belongs to the Collection Occupational Health and Safety in A Changing World: Realities, Challenges and Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
10,752 Views
12 Pages

Using Systems Thinking to Illustrate Digital Business Model Innovation

  • Erdelina Kurti,
  • Sadaf Salavati and
  • Anita Mirijamdotter

3 December 2021

Digital business model innovation is discussed by bringing together systemic innovation and digital innovation. Applying the Rich Picture technique, the complexity transpiring in the digital innovation of the business models is illustrated. Further,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business Model–the Perspective of Systems Thinking and Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,288 Views
35 Pages

5 April 2022

Part-whole Systems (S) structure is foundational to a diverse array of phenomena such as belonging and containment, networks, statistics, reductionism, holism, etc. and is extremely similar if not synonymous with sets, sorts, groups, combinations and...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,357 Views
38 Pages

Although smart city strategies increasingly employ emerging technologies to improve urban services, existing research often treats these technologies in isolation from broader socio-technical systems. Similarly, urban resilience scholarship conceptua...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human, Technologies, and Environment in Sustainable Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,706 Views
42 Pages

Diverse phenomena such as feedback, interconnectedness, causality, network dynamics, and complexity are all born from Relationships. They are fundamentally important, as they are transdisciplinary and synonymous with connections, links, edges, and in...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
962 Views
28 Pages

17 July 2026

This article develops a systems-thinking framework to analyze and govern interconnections among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Contemporary policy challenges, including food insecurity, climate change, water and energy security, inequality...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Approaches to Sustainable Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,002 Views
34 Pages

23 March 2022

The transdisciplinary importance of distinctions is well-established as foundational to such diverse phenomena as recognition, identification, individual and social identity, marginalization, externalities, boundaries, concept formation, etc., and sy...

(This article belongs to the Section Complex Systems and Cybernetics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,724 Views
25 Pages

5 February 2026

This study examines the systemic impact of mobile device usage on sleep health and overall wellbeing through a systems thinking (ST) approach. By employing a systems approach, this study offers a novel contribution to this area by exploring the intri...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Theory and Methodology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
19,806 Views
17 Pages

A Theoretical Perspective on Why Socioeconomic Health Inequalities Are Persistent: Building the Case for an Effective Approach

  • Lisa Wilderink,
  • Ingrid Bakker,
  • Albertine J. Schuit,
  • Jacob C. Seidell and ,
  • Ioana A. Pop and
  • Carry M. Renders
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Despite policy intentions and many interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic health inequalities in recent decades in the Netherlands and other affluent countries, these inequalities have not been reduced. Based on a narrative literature review,...

(This article belongs to the Section Public Health Statistics and Risk Assessment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,466 Views
35 Pages

Addressing Complexity in Chronic Disease Prevention Research

  • Melanie Pescud,
  • Lucie Rychetnik,
  • Sharon Friel,
  • Michelle J. Irving and ,
  • Therese Riley,
  • Diane T. Finegood,
  • Harry Rutter,
  • Ray Ison and
  • Steven Allender
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

27 June 2023

There is wide agreement on the need for systems thinking to address complexity in chronic disease prevention but there is insufficient understanding of how such approaches are operationalised in prevention research. Ison and Straw propose that to add...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
9,138 Views
14 Pages

6 January 2021

This article deals with the role and the place of risk-based thinking in today’s occupational safety and health (OSH) systems used by mining companies. A brief survey on modern challenges and pressures affecting companies, as well as on the str...

  • Article
  • Open Access
849 Views
39 Pages

16 August 2026

Micro-credentials are reshaping higher education credentialing, yet existing models mostly link their components through one-way causality, while systems thinking pedagogy has developed largely around STEM and sustainability rather than higher educat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Systems Thinking in Higher Education: Frameworks, Pedagogies, Interdisciplinary Practices and Challenges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
714 Views
19 Pages

22 May 2026

Sustainability education increasingly centers on systems and design thinking to address complex socio-environmental challenges. While these approaches enhance reflexivity, interdisciplinarity, and problem-solving capacity, this paper argues that they...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)
  • Article
  • Open Access
56 Citations
11,508 Views
28 Pages

The new logics of competitions are mostly based on exploiting relationships to implement new mechanisms in managing Knowledge. Today, a successful company should be, lean, modular, and with a smart approach to new products development. In this contex...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 4th Industrial Revolution from Open Innovation in Manufacturing and Service Industry to Cyber-Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,886 Views
23 Pages

12 July 2025

Global refugee flows’ increasing scale and complexity pose significant challenges to national education systems. Turkey, hosting one of the largest populations of refugees and individuals under temporary protection, faces unique pressures in en...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking: Insights and Solutions to Complex Societal Challenges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,210 Views
23 Pages

This article examines the impact of applied metacognition on the development of geographical causal structures by students in the geography classroom. For that, three different metacognitive strategies were designed: a. action plan, activating meta-k...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in the Teaching and Learning of Geography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,186 Views
21 Pages

The roles of all levels of management in influencing safety, particularly in a complex work environment, are crucial. Therefore, safety managers need to develop leadership competencies (i.e., effectiveness in terms of person-oriented behaviours) to r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
589 Views
23 Pages

17 August 2026

Approximately 70% of organisational development (OD) initiatives based on methodologies such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Lean, and Six Sigma are reported to fail. Critical Systems Thinking (CST) attributes...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Systems Practice)
  • Essay
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,432 Views
17 Pages

Uniquely rooted in regenerative leadership and complemented by Complexity Leadership Theory (CLT), this conceptual essay offers a theoretical exploration of how educational institutions can act as dynamic systems that catalyze adaptive, community-led...

(This article belongs to the Section Planetary Health Education and Communication)
  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
12,814 Views
20 Pages

Increased attention on “complexity” in health systems evaluation has resulted in many different methodological responses. Theory-driven evaluations and systems thinking are two such responses that aim for better understanding of the mechanisms underl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Systems and Services)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,394 Views
17 Pages

The Path towards Evolutionary—Teal Organizations: A Relationship Trigger on Collaborative Platforms

  • Ana Moreno Romero,
  • Ángel Uruburu,
  • Ajay K. Jain,
  • Manuel Acevedo Ruiz and
  • Carlos F. Gómez Muñoz

24 November 2020

The technological challenges of the so-called fourth industrial revolution, innovative inter-organizational network relations, integration in corporate strategies of sustainability challenges, or unsatisfactory levels of staff commitment stemming fro...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sharing for Caring: On the Role of Collaborative Economy in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
8,065 Views
20 Pages

Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram

  • Irene M. W. Niks,
  • Guido A. Veldhuis,
  • Marianne H. J. van Zwieten,
  • Teun Sluijs and ,
  • Noortje M. Wiezer and
  • Heleen M. Wortelboer
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

This study demonstrates an innovative approach to capture the complexity of individual workplace well-being, improving our understanding of multicausal relationships and feedback loops involved. The literature shows that a high number of interacting...

(This article belongs to the Section Occupational Safety and Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,750 Views
34 Pages

Architectural Systemic Approach: The Serpentine Gallery 2005, a Reciprocal Frame Case Study

  • Beatriz del Río-Calleja,
  • Joaquín Grau Enguix and
  • Alfonso García-Santos

The application of the systemic approach in architecture aims to promote an integral, holistic view of the architectural design process. The literature reviewed calls for models with systemic behavior, and for these models to be applied in concrete c...

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,029 Views
24 Pages

Modelling the European Union Sustainability Transition: A Soft-Linking Approach

  • Andrea M. Bassi,
  • Valeria Costantini and
  • Elena Paglialunga

2 June 2021

The European Green Deal (EGD) is the most ambitious decarbonisation strategy currently envisaged, with a complex mix of different instruments aiming at improving the sustainability of the development patterns of the European Union in the next 30 year...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic Policies for the Sustainability Transition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,092 Views
19 Pages

Educating for Complexity: A Learning Architecture for Systems Thinking in Professional Education and Generative AI Governance

  • Liliana Pedraja-Rejas,
  • Katherine Acosta-García,
  • Emilio Rodríguez-Ponce and
  • Camila Muñoz-Fritis

7 April 2026

Professional education increasingly requires graduates to make decisions in complex systems marked by multiple stakeholders, feedback, delays, uncertainty, and unintended consequences, yet systems thinking is still often taught as a set of disconnect...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking in Education: Learning, Design and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,282 Views
17 Pages

25 October 2021

This paper presents a GIS-based method for supporting local administrations in the design of urban green areas while taking into account the complexity of the whole system. The proposed method merges the criteria of availability, accessibility, attra...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landscape Analysis, Planning and Regional Development)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,628 Views
11 Pages

11 September 2021

Despite a range of federal and state interventions to slow the spread of COVID-19, the US has seen millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Top-down mandates have been ineffective because the community spread of the pandemic has be...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Practice in Public Health)

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