89 Results Found

The genus Gymnodinium contains more than 230 extant species, approximately 30% of which have not been reported since their original description. Approximately eight Gymnodinium species have been reported or described in the coastal waters of China. T...

The dinoflagellate genus Karlodinium J. Larsen is well known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs), some of which can produce karlotoxins or other ichthyotoxins and thus cause fish-killing events. Among the 16 currently accepted species of Karlodinium...

With the advancement of cotton mechanized topping technology, deep learning-based methods for detecting cotton apical buds have made significant progress in improving detection accuracy. However, existing algorithms generally suffer from complex stru...

The outer blood retina barrier (oBRB) formed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is critical for maintaining retinal homeostasis. Critical to this modified neuro-epithelial barrier is the presence of the tight junction structure that is formed at...

The geometry, energy and electron density properties of the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes between cyclic (Py-M)₃ (M = Au, Ag and Cu) and halide ions (F⁻, Cl⁻ and Br⁻) were studied using Møller Plesset (MP2) computational methods...

Plasma membrane (PM) lipid composition and domain organization are modulated by polarized exocytosis. Conversely, targeting of secretory vesicles at specific domains in the PM is carried out by exocyst complexes, which contain EXO70 subunits that pla...

Caries is the most common cause of pulp-periapical disease. When the pulp tissue involved in caries becomes irreversibly inflamed and progresses to necrosis, the treatment option is root canal therapy because the infected or non-infected necrotic pul...

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial blight of rice, with outbreaks occurring in most rice-growing countries. Thus far, there is no effective pesticide against bacterial blight. Chaperones in bacterial pathoge...

Glycans, as the most peripheral cell surface components, are the primary candidates to mediate the initial steps of cell recognition and adhesion via glycan–glycan binding. This molecular mechanism was quantitatively demonstrated by biochemical and b...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination widely occurs in various feed ingredients and food crops, potentially posing a serious health threat to animals. In this research, 1260 juvenile grass carp were separately fed with seven distinct experimental diets (0...

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common inflammatory condition of the periapical tissues, most often associated with persistent endodontic infection. Conventional two-dimensional radiography may underestimate AP because of anatomical superi...

The Crumbs complex has prominent roles in the control of apical cell polarity, in the coupling of cell density sensing to downstream cell signaling pathways, and in regulating junctional structures and cell adhesion. The Crumbs complex acts as a cond...

The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and X-ray crystal structure of a newchiral triosmium alkylidyne carbonyl cluster, (R,S)-[Os₃(μ-H)₂(CO)₉{μ₃-CPPh₂(η⁵-C₅H₄)Fe(η⁵-C₅H₃(PPh₂)CH(Me)NMe₂)}] (1) are described. Compound 1 crystallizes in thenon-...

Lateral organ initiation at the shoot apical meristem involves complex changes in growth rates and directions, ultimately leading to the formation of leaves, stems and flowers. Extensive molecular analysis identifies auxin and downstream transcriptio...

The oviductal fimbria is the first extraovarian anatomical structure that the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) encounters, and is sensitive to sex hormone changes. The morphology, glycan pattern, expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), estradiol...

Understanding the processes that occur during the redox transformations of complexes coordinated by redox-active apical ligands is important for the design of electrochemically active compounds with functional properties. In this work, a detailed ana...

Changes in structural and functional neuroplasticity have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a critical regulatory molecule of lipid homeostasis in the brain. Recently, our findi...

This study investigates the intricate composition and spatial distribution of tight junction complex proteins during early mouse neurulation. The analyses focused on the cranial neural tube, which gives rise to all head structures. Neurulation brings...

Background and Objectives: The anatomically demanding structure of curved root canals increases the technical difficulty of retreatment procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the retreatment efficacy of various rotary and reciprocating instruments...

Sperm elongation and nuclear shaping in Drosophila largely depends on the microtubule cytoskeleton that in early spermatids has centrosomal and non-centrosomal origins. We report here an additional γ-tubulin focus localized on the anterior pole...

The search for mononuclear lanthanoid-based single-ion magnets (SIMs) has increased the interest in some coordination environments with low coordination numbers, in combination with an axial symmetry, as they could maximize the anisotropy of complexe...

Up-to-date in vitro and in vivo preclinical models expressing the patient-specific cancer lineage responsible for CRC and its metastatic behavior and responsiveness to therapy are needed. Exosomes’ role in tumorigenesis and the metastatic proce...

The mammalian oviduct is a highly specialized structure where fertilization and early embryonic development occur. Its mucosal epithelium is involved in maintaining and modulating a dynamic intraluminal fluid. The oviductal epithelium consists of cil...

The tridentate ligand N,N-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethane (L) has been prepared in one step by condensation of two equivalents of 1-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole with one equivalent of 2-aminoethanol. This reaction is...

The fine structure of the female reproductive organs of the diving beetle Scarodytes halensis has been described, with particular attention to the complex organization of the spermatheca and the spermathecal gland. These organs are fused in a single...

The synthesis, structural, and magnetic characterization of a novel neutral copper(II) hexanuclear complex [Cu₆(en)₄(OCH₂CH₂O)₂(pyox)₄]·3eg·en·12H₂O (1) was investigated [en = ethylenediamine, eg = ethylene glycol, and H₂pyox = 4...

In 2009, apicortin was identified in silico as a characteristic protein of apicomplexans that also occurs in the placozoa, Trichoplax adhaerens. Since then, it has been found that apicortin also occurs in free-living cousins of apicomplexans (chromer...

The teeth, made up of hard and soft tissues, represent complex functioning structures of the oral cavity, which are frequently affected by processes that cause structural damage that can lead to their loss. Currently, replacement therapy such as endo...

Three metal complexes of mefenamato ligand 1 were synthesized: [Co₂(mef)₄(EtOH)₂(H₂O)₄]: 2; [Co(mef)₂(MeOH)₄]∙2MeOH: 3; and [Ni(mef)₂(MeOH)₄]∙2MeOH: 4. Their compositions and properties were investigated by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absor...

The process of protonation of [2,6-B₁₀H₈O₂CCH₃]⁻ was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The most suitable conditions for protonation of the derivative [2,6-B₁₀H₈O₂CCH₃]⁻ were found. The process of protonation was carried...

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a unique epithelium, with major roles which are essential in the visual cycle and homeostasis of the outer retina. The RPE is a monolayer of polygonal and pigmented cells strategically placed between the neuror...

Four ligands based on the 2-tert-butyl-4-X-6-{Bis[(6-methoxy-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenol unit are synthesized: X = CHO (HL^CHO), putrescine-pyrene (HL^pyr), putrescine (HL^amine), and 2-tert-butyl-4-putrescine-6-{Bis[(6-methoxy-pyridin-2-y...

Vasopressin-dependent trafficking of AQP2 in the renal collecting duct is crucial for the regulation of water homeostasis. This process involves the targeting of AQP2 to the apical membrane during dehydration as well as its removal when hydration lev...

Two Cu(II) complexes, 1 and 2, with tridentate Schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde and histamine HL1 or 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine HL2, respectively, were obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic (UV-...

Protein–protein docking is a cornerstone of computational structural biology, yet its reliability for large, multimeric assemblies remains uncertain. Standard workflows typically include geometry optimization or molecular dynamics equilibration...

The transcytosis of lipids through enterocytes occurs through the delivery of lipid micelles to the microvilli of enterocytes, consumption of lipid derivates by the apical plasma membrane (PM) and then their delivery to the membrane of the smooth ER...

The molecular chaperone GroEL is designed to promote protein folding and prevent aggregation. However, the interaction between GroEL and the prion protein, PrP^C, could lead to pathogenic transformation of the latter to the aggregation-prone PrP^Sc for...

TPPP (tubulin polymerization promoting protein)-like proteins contain one or more p25alpha (Pfam05517) domains. TPPP-like proteins occur in different types as determined by their length (e.g., long-, short-, truncated-, and fungal-type TPPP) and incl...

The CCT/TRiC complex is a type II chaperonin that undergoes ATP-driven conformational changes during its functional cycle. Structural studies have provided valuable insights into the mechanism of this process, but real-time dynamics analyses of mamma...

Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is...

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from electron microscopy (EM) datasets is a widely used tool that has improved our knowledge of synapse ultrastructure and organization in the brain. Rearrangements of synapse structure following maturation and i...

The crystal structures of two azobenzene derivative Schiff base metal complexes (new C₄₄H₄₀CuN₆O₂ of P-1 and known C₄₄H₃₈MnN₆O₇ of P2₁/c abbreviated as Cu and Mn, respectively) were (re-)determined experimentally using conventional X-ray analysis to...

Technologies for mass production require cheap and abundant materials such as ferrous chloride (FeCl₂). The literature survey shows the lack of experimental studies to validate theoretical conclusions related to the population of ionic Fe-species in...

T. gondii is a eukaryotic parasite that has evolved a stage called tachyzoite which multiplies in host cells by producing two daughter cells internally. These nascent tachyzoites bud off their mother and repeat the division process until the expandin...

A series of six seven-coordinate pentagonal-bipyramidal (PBP) erbium complexes, with acyclic pentadentate [N₃O₂] Schiff-base ligands, 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis-(4-methoxybenzoylhydrazone) [H₂DAPMBH], or 2,6-diacethylpyridine bis(salicylhydrazone) [H₄D...

Two new Co(II) and Cu(II) azido complexes with 4-picoline (4-Pic) and pyridine-2-carboxaldoxime (HAld) were synthesized by self-assembly of the organic ligand and the M(II) nitrate in the presence of azide as a co-ligand. Their structures were determ...

Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide (dppmO₂) forms eight-coordinate cations [M(dppmO₂)₄]Cl₃ (M = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) on reaction in a 4:1 molar ratio with the appropriate LnCl₃ in ethanol. Similar reaction in a 3:1 ratio produced seven-coor...

Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface. In humans and other vertebrates, possession of a single cilium structure enables an assortment of cellular processes ranging from mechanosensation to fluid propulsion and loco...

Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin that is structurally analogous to sphinganine and sphingosine and inhibits the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids by repressing ceramide synthase. Based on the connection between FB1 and sphingolipid metabolism, FB1 has...

TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium-selective ion channels expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Important for systemic calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis, these channels are considered gatekeepers of this cation transcellular transport. Intracellula...