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3,005 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,937 Views
16 Pages

Applicability of WorldCover in Wind Power Engineering: Application Research of Coupled Wake Model Based on Practical Project

  • Jing Zhang,
  • Jixing Chen,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Yining Chen,
  • Jingwen Yang,
  • Zongtao Yuan and
  • Qingan Li

24 February 2023

This paper discusses how the incorporation of high-resolution ground coverage dataset ESA WorldCover into a wind flow field and wake simulation calculation, as well as the use of the coupled wake model for wind farm output simulation, can improve the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,558 Views
16 Pages

16 February 2023

This work presents a comparison between a global and a national land cover map, namely the ESA WorldCover 2020 (WC20) and the Portuguese use/land cover map (Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo 2018) (COS18). Such a comparison is relevant gi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,125 Views
22 Pages

User-Aware Evaluation for Medium-Resolution Forest-Related Datasets in China: Reliability and Spatial Consistency

  • Xueli Peng,
  • Guojin He,
  • Guizhou Wang,
  • Tengfei Long,
  • Xiaomei Zhang and
  • Ranyu Yin

13 May 2023

Forest cover data are fundamental to sustainable forest management and conservation. Available medium-resolution publicly shared forest-related datasets provide primary information on forest distribution. The evaluation of relevant datasets is of gre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,070 Views
26 Pages

A Comparison of Six Forest Mapping Products in Southeast Asia, Aided by Field Validation Data

  • Bin Liu,
  • Xiaomei Yang,
  • Zhihua Wang,
  • Yaxin Ding,
  • Junyao Zhang and
  • Dan Meng

18 September 2023

Currently, many globally accessible forest mapping products can be utilized to monitor and assess the status of and changes in forests. However, substantial disparities exist among these products due to variations in forest definitions, classificatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,011 Views
20 Pages

18 January 2023

The Dynamic World product is a discrete land cover classification of Sentinel 2 reflectance imagery that is global in extent, retrospective to 2015, and updated continuously in near real time. The classifier is trained on a stratified random sample o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
958 Views
22 Pages

Canopy Cover Drives Odonata Diversity and Conservation Prioritization in the Protected Wetland Complex of Thermaikos Gulf (Greece)

  • Dimitris Kaltsas,
  • Lydia Alvanou,
  • Ioannis Ekklisiarchos,
  • Dimitrios I. Raptis and
  • Dimitrios N. Avtzis

17 July 2025

Odonata constitute an important invertebrate group that is strongly dependent on water conditions and sensitive to habitat disturbances, rendering them reliable indicators of habitat quality of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We studied the co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,475 Views
23 Pages

12 September 2019

The emergence of high-resolution satellite data, such as WorldView-2, has opened the opportunity for urban land cover mapping at fine resolution. However, it is not straightforward to map detailed urban land cover and to detect urban deprived areas,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,946 Views
27 Pages

27 August 2022

Very-high-resolution (VHR) optical imaging satellites can offer precise, accurate, and direct measurements of snow-covered areas (SCA) with sub-meter to meter-scale resolution in regions of complex land cover and terrain. We explore the potential of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,549 Views
38 Pages

A Field-Data-Aided Comparison of Three 10 m Land Cover Products in Southeast Asia

  • Yaxin Ding,
  • Xiaomei Yang,
  • Zhihua Wang,
  • Dongjie Fu,
  • He Li,
  • Dan Meng,
  • Xiaowei Zeng and
  • Junyao Zhang

10 October 2022

To study global and regional environment protection and sustainable development and also to optimize mapping methods, it is of great significance to compare three existing 10 m resolution global land cover products in terms of accuracy: FROM-GLC10, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,691 Views
14 Pages

30 May 2023

Given the increasingly fragmented forest landscapes, it is necessary to map forest cover with fine spatial resolution in a large area. The European Space Agency (ESA) released the 10 m global land cover map in 2020 based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
937 Views
18 Pages

24 July 2025

Land cover-based models that rely on purpose-specific thematic details are common in environmental fields such as hydrology, water quality, and ecology. Global remotely sensed land cover from the Dynamic World dataset on Google Earth Engine has trees...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,136 Views
29 Pages

3 September 2021

Documenting the impacts of climate change and human activities on tropical rainforests is imperative for protecting tropical biodiversity and for better implementation of REDD+ and UN Sustainable Development Goals. Recent advances in very high-resolu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,493 Views
20 Pages

9 May 2020

This study presents a methodology for developing a high-resolution (2 m) urban tree canopy leaf area inventory in different tree phenological seasons and a subsequent application of the methodology to a 625 km2 urban area in Tokyo. Satellite remote s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,550 Views
21 Pages

21 January 2025

Globally, the agricultural landscape is the most exposed due to urbanisation. Therefore, finding the spatial and temporal patterns of changes in agricultural landscapes is essential for sustainable development. This study developed a workflow to addr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,206 Views
25 Pages

27 September 2024

Accurate cropland distribution data are essential for efficiently planning production layouts, optimizing farmland use, and improving crop planting efficiency and yield. Although reliable cropland data are crucial for supporting modern regional agric...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
115 Citations
15,213 Views
23 Pages

23 January 2016

Detailed land cover information is valuable for mapping complex urban environments. Recent enhancements to satellite sensor technology promise fit-for-purpose data, particularly when processed using contemporary classification approaches. We evaluate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
394 Views
36 Pages

Spectral Unmixing of Coastal Dune Plant Species from Very High Resolution Satellite Imagery

  • Katerina Kombiadou,
  • Susana Costas,
  • Juan Bautista Gallego-Fernández,
  • Zhicheng Yang,
  • Luisa Bon de Sousa and
  • Sonia Silvestri

10 December 2025

While improvements in the spectral and spatial resolution of satellite imagery have opened up new prospects for large-scale environmental monitoring, this potential has remained largely unrealised in dune ecogeomorphology. This is especially true for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,773 Views
14 Pages

11 February 2021

Coastal habitats form a critical source of livelihood for a large number of inhabitants in Fiji. The absence of historical and baseline information creates a significant challenge in effectively designing suitable management plans. This study aimed a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,446 Views
23 Pages

Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) is a dynamic process affected by the combination and mutual interaction of climatic and socioeconomic drivers. Field studies and surveys, which are typically time- and resource-consuming, have been employed by r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,429 Views
31 Pages

19 June 2023

Land cover land use (LCLU) products provide essential information for numerous environmental and human studies. Here, we assess the accuracy of eleven global and regional products over the conterminous U.S. using 25,000 high-confidence randomly distr...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,594 Views
18 Pages

A Constantly Updated Flood Hazard Assessment Tool Using Satellite-Based High-Resolution Land Cover Dataset Within Google Earth Engine

  • Alexandra Gemitzi,
  • Odysseas Kopsidas,
  • Foteini Stefani,
  • Aposotolos Polymeros and
  • Vasilis Bellos

16 November 2024

This work aims to develop a constantly updated flood hazard assessment tool that utilizes readily available datasets derived by remote sensing techniques. It is based on the recently released global land use/land cover (LULC) dataset Dynamic World, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,540 Views
21 Pages

21 February 2023

As very fragile natural ecological areas, the spatiotemporal ecological environment (EE) analysis of World Natural Heritage Sites (WNHSs) is particularly important for their conservation and sustainable development. Timely, objective and quantitative...

  • Article
  • Open Access
252 Citations
45,407 Views
19 Pages

Global 10 m Land Use Land Cover Datasets: A Comparison of Dynamic World, World Cover and Esri Land Cover

  • Zander S. Venter,
  • David N. Barton,
  • Tirthankar Chakraborty,
  • Trond Simensen and
  • Geethen Singh

21 August 2022

The European Space Agency’s Sentinel satellites have laid the foundation for global land use land cover (LULC) mapping with unprecedented detail at 10 m resolution. We present a cross-comparison and accuracy assessment of Google’s Dynamic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,243 Views
19 Pages

Comparison and Validation of Multiple Medium- and High-Resolution Land Cover Products in Southwest China

  • Xiangyu Ji,
  • Xujun Han,
  • Xiaobo Zhu,
  • Yajun Huang,
  • Zengjing Song,
  • Jinghan Wang,
  • Miaohang Zhou and
  • Xuemei Wang

21 March 2024

The rapid advancement of remote sensing technology has given rise to numerous global- and regional-scale medium- to high-resolution land cover (LC) datasets, making significant contributions to the exploration of worldwide environmental shifts and th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,571 Views
19 Pages

Downscaling Global Land-Use Scenario Data to the National Level: A Case Study for Belgium

  • Parinaz Rashidi,
  • Sopan D. Patil,
  • Aafke M. Schipper,
  • Rob Alkemade and
  • Isabel Rosa

7 September 2023

Land use change scenarios, and their projected impacts on biodiversity, are highly relevant at local scales but not adequately captured by the coarse spatial resolutions of global land use models. In this study, we used the land use allocation tool o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,038 Views
13 Pages

14 August 2023

The assessment of land cover and changes will help to understand the temporal and spatial pattern of land cover in the world and the Belt and Road (B&R) region, and provide reference information for global sustainable development and the Belt and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
16,148 Views
13 Pages

1 June 2010

Efforts to increase forest cover in the developing world will only succeed if the root causes of deforestation are addressed. Researchers designing reforestation initiatives tend to emphasize macro-level drivers of deforestation, about which they hav...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
5,049 Views
26 Pages

Assessing the Accuracy and Consistency of Six Fine-Resolution Global Land Cover Products Using a Novel Stratified Random Sampling Validation Dataset

  • Tingting Zhao,
  • Xiao Zhang,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Jun Mi,
  • Wendi Liu,
  • Jinqing Wang,
  • Mihang Jiang and
  • Liangyun Liu

26 April 2023

Over the past decades, benefiting from the development of computing capacity and the free access to Landsat and Sentinel imagery, several fine-resolution global land cover (GLC) products (with a resolution of 10 m or 30 m) have been developed (GlobeL...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,371 Views
17 Pages

8 March 2021

This study evaluates the reasons for the different content of eight selected elements, Cu, Pb, Zn, S, K, Na, Ca and P, in the upper sections of soil profiles covering mass graves in southeastern Poland. The burial sites include 18 mass graves from Wo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,504 Views
13 Pages

20 March 2021

Frequent flooding worldwide, especially in grazing environments, requires mapping and monitoring grazing land cover and pasture quality to support land management. Although drones, satellite, and machine learning technologies can be used to map land...

  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
4,990 Views
15 Pages

Tracking U.S. Land Cover Changes: A Dataset of Sentinel-2 Imagery and Dynamic World Labels (2016–2024)

  • Antonio Rangel,
  • Juan Terven,
  • Diana-Margarita Córdova-Esparza,
  • Julio-Alejandro Romero-González,
  • Alfonso Ramírez-Pedraza,
  • Edgar A. Chávez-Urbiola,
  • Francisco. J. Willars-Rodríguez and
  • Gendry Alfonso-Francia

4 May 2025

Monitoring land cover changes is crucial for understanding how natural processes and human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture reshape the environment. We introduce a publicly available dataset covering the entire United S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,637 Views
25 Pages

19 February 2025

Tropical evergreen forests represent the richest biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems, and the fine spatial-temporal resolution mapping of these forests is essential for the study and conservation of this vital natural resource. The current methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
428 Views
26 Pages

10 December 2025

The Sanjiangyuan Region (SJYR), located in the core of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is a key ecological barrier where grasslands, the dominant land cover, are undergoing continuous degradation due to climate change and human activities. Accurate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,261 Views
16 Pages

No Report, No Densification? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Densification and Reporting Practices in World Heritage Properties

  • Moses Katontoka,
  • Francesca Noardo,
  • Daniela Palacios-Lopez,
  • Thomas Esch,
  • Pirouz Nourian,
  • Fulong Chen and
  • Ana Pereira Roders

9 October 2024

As urbanization accelerates, World Heritage properties, critical conservation areas, face a growing threat of urban densification, jeopardizing their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). States Parties, the countries that have ratified the World Herita...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,899 Views
26 Pages

18 November 2025

This systematic review investigates recent advances and persistent challenges in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification using Sentinel-2 imagery, emphasizing the gap between benchmark results and operational performance. Following PRISMA guide...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,611 Views
19 Pages

9 November 2024

While the surface of the Earth plays a key role in weather forecasting through its interaction with the atmosphere, in ensemble numerical weather predictions the uncertainty on the surface is only represented with perturbations in the parameterisatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,054 Views
20 Pages

Improving Dryland Urban Land Cover Classification Accuracy Using a Classical Convolution Neural Network

  • Wenfei Luan,
  • Ge Li,
  • Bo Zhong,
  • Jianwei Geng,
  • Xin Li,
  • Hui Li and
  • Shi He

16 August 2023

Reliable information of land cover dynamics in dryland cities is crucial for understanding the anthropogenic impacts on fragile environments. However, reduced classification accuracy of dryland cities often occurs in global land cover data. Although...

  • Article
  • Open Access
303 Views
23 Pages

13 January 2026

Accurate cropland mapping in data-scarce regions remains challenging due to limited field data, strong interannual climatic variability, and heterogeneous cropping systems. This study proposes an NDVI-based training sample migration framework that tr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
86 Citations
11,448 Views
15 Pages

8 April 2011

The trend of land cover (LC) and land cover change (LCC), both in time and space, was investigated at the Simen Mountains National Park (SMNP), a World Heritage Site located in northern Ethiopia, between 1984 and 2003 using Geographical Information S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,983 Views
22 Pages

Deep Insight on Land Use/Land Cover Geospatial Assessment through Internet-Based Validation Tool in Upper Karkheh River Basin (KRB), South-West Iran

  • Sina Mallah,
  • Manouchehr Gorji,
  • Mohammad Reza Balali,
  • Hossein Asadi,
  • Naser Davatgar,
  • Hojjat Varmazyari,
  • Anna Maria Stellacci and
  • Mirko Castellini

28 April 2023

Recently, the demand for high-quality land use/land cover (LULC) information for near-real-time crop type mapping, in particular for multi-relief landscapes, has increased. While the LULC classes are inherently imbalanced, the statistics generally ov...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,946 Views
24 Pages

The Full Waveform LiDAR system has been developed and used commercially all over the world. It acts to record the complete time of a laser pulse and has a high-resolution sampling interval compared to the traditional multiple-echo LiDAR, which only p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
5,438 Views
20 Pages

Finer Resolution Mapping of Marine Aquaculture Areas Using WorldView-2 Imagery and a Hierarchical Cascade Convolutional Neural Network

  • Yongyong Fu,
  • Ziran Ye,
  • Jinsong Deng,
  • Xinyu Zheng,
  • Yibo Huang,
  • Wu Yang,
  • Yaohua Wang and
  • Ke Wang

15 July 2019

Marine aquaculture plays an important role in seafood supplement, economic development, and coastal ecosystem service provision. The precise delineation of marine aquaculture areas from high spatial resolution (HSR) imagery is vital for the sustainab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,526 Views
21 Pages

How Good Are Global Layers for Mapping Rural Settlements? Evidence from China

  • Ningcheng Wang,
  • Xinyi Zhang,
  • Shenjun Yao,
  • Jianping Wu and
  • Haibin Xia

13 August 2022

Global urbanization has brought about a significant transition to rural areas. With the development of remote sensing technologies, land use/land cover (LULC) datasets allow users to analyze the changes in global rural settlements. However, few studi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,453 Views
19 Pages

27 January 2025

Rapid global urbanization during the late 20th and early 21st centuries has induced substantial land cover changes, posing significant threats to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) World Heritage Sit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,713 Views
15 Pages

The Impacts of Quality-Oriented Dataset Labeling on Tree Cover Segmentation Using U-Net: A Case Study in WorldView-3 Imagery

  • Tao Jiang,
  • Maximilian Freudenberg,
  • Christoph Kleinn,
  • Alexander Ecker and
  • Nils Nölke

21 March 2023

Deep learning has emerged as a prominent technique for extracting vegetation information from high-resolution satellite imagery. However, less attention has been paid to the quality of dataset labeling as compared to research into networks and models...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,696 Views
20 Pages

Sustainable Watershed Management: Assessing the Impact of Data Precision on Sediment Transport in the Oostanaula Creek Watershed, Tennessee

  • Miroslav Bauer,
  • Barbora Jáchymová,
  • Josef Krása,
  • Karina Bynum,
  • John S. Schwartz and
  • Tomáš Dostál

12 March 2024

This study applies the WaTEM/SEDEM model, a watershed-scale model based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), to enhance sustainable watershed management by identifying high-erosion-risk areas for targeted mitigation at various scales. It focus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
5,518 Views
25 Pages

Consistency Analysis and Accuracy Assessment of Three Global Ten-Meter Land Cover Products in Rocky Desertification Region—A Case Study of Southwest China

  • Jun Wang,
  • Xiaomei Yang,
  • Zhihua Wang,
  • Hongbin Cheng,
  • Junmei Kang,
  • Hongtao Tang,
  • Yan Li,
  • Zongpan Bian and
  • Zhuoli Bai

Rocky desertification is one of the most critical ecological and environmental problems in areas underlain by carbonate rocks globally. Land cover and land use in the region affects large-scale ecosystem processes on a global scale, and many Earth sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,988 Views
24 Pages

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Forests in Yunnan Province in 2022: Analysis Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data and Machine Learning

  • Guangyang Li,
  • Hongyan Lai,
  • Bangqian Chen,
  • Xiong Yin,
  • Weili Kou,
  • Zhixiang Wu,
  • Zongzhu Chen and
  • Guizhen Wang

24 March 2025

Forest mapping using remote sensing has made considerable progress over the past decade, but substantial uncertainties remain in complex regions, particularly where terrain and climate vary dramatically. Yunnan Province, China, represents such a chal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,488 Views
25 Pages

28 December 2022

Earth Observation services guarantee continuous land cover mapping and are becoming of great interest worldwide. The Google Earth Engine Dynamic World represents a planetary example. This work aims to develop a land cover mapping service in geomorpho...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,542 Views
33 Pages

8 July 2023

Comparisons of recent global forest products at higher resolutions that are only available annually have shown major disagreements among forested areas in highly fragmented landscapes. A holistic reductionist framework and colourimetry were applied t...

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