In current engineering practice, static calculation of windows for temperature loads is not performed. However, the existing experience in operating PVC windows in environmental conditions of Eastern and Northern Europe shows that the temperature def...
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) enables direct, spatially resolved analysis of inorganic additives and impurities in rigid PVC, which is widely used in window profiles with demanding lifetime and recycling requ...
Industrial air emissions are major contributors to human exposure to toxic pollutants, posing significant health risks. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly used to quantify human toxicity impacts from industrial processes. Conventional LCA of...
This article presents the results of the economic and energy analysis of the operation of five types of windows in residential buildings. The aim of this study was to determine (a) to what extent the construction and various insulation parameters of...
Window frame material has significant impact on the thermal performance of the window. Moreover, with sustainable design becoming a necessity, window frame materials need to have higher levels of environmental performance to be considered sustainable...
The interest in zero energy buildings is increasing in South Korea. Zero energy buildings need to save energy by using passive technology. The window performance is important to the thermal insulation of the building. Also, the government regulates t...
Standard ISO 10077-2 gives the procedure to calculate thermal transmittances of window frames in 2D numerical simulations. It also introduces some examples of frame geometrical models with all necessary input data and the solutions so as to perform v...
Building materials, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), play a key role in construction engineering, influencing the durability, esthetics, and functionality of structures. PVC stands out for its lightness, thermal insulation, and corrosion resistanc...
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that can occur in ordinary healthy people and various heart disease patients. Clinically, cardiologists usually use a long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) as a medium to detect PVC....
In this research, we report a simple and inexpensive way to prepare transparent and hydrophobic hybrid coatings through deposition of different silica materials on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrates. The silica materials were prepared using an acid-...
19 November 2022
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in the production of various consumer products used daily. We analyzed phthalate concentrations in window film samples from 144 dormitories in 13 universities and combined them with the results of questionna...
Windows are among building components that have the strongest effect on thermal load. They play a significant role in heat loss in buildings because they usually have a largely higher thermal conductance than other components of the building envelope...
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in engineering applications; however, its inherent thermal instability associated with dehydrochlorination limits its processing window and long-term performance. While blending with thermoplastic polyurethane...
To enhance the sustainability of construction and meet the sector’s environmental agenda, it is essential to comprehensively scrutinize the environmental, social, and economic impacts of construction projects from the project’s design sta...
The safety concerns associated with power batteries have prompted significant interest in all−solid−state lithium batteries (ASSBs). However, the advancement of ASSBs has been significantly impeded due to their unsatisfactory electrochemi...
This study develops and assesses sustainable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites reinforced with agro-industrial waste fillers, integrating an ontology-based lifecycle assessment (LCA) framework to enhance sustainability evaluation. Agro-waste reinfo...
In the study of structural materials, the analysis of fracture and deformation resistance plays an important role, particularly in materials widely used in the construction industry, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). PVC is a popular material used,...
PVC items (38% carbon atoms w/w) are environmentally friendly as, unlike polyolefins (86% carbon atoms w/w), they are mainly based on chlorine, one of the most abundant elements on Earth and, so, less based on fossil resources. However, in the eco-de...
Swirling flow with the formation of a precessing vortex core (PVC) in the draft tube model of a hydroturbine was studied. Experiments were performed on an aerodynamic setup under transient operating conditions of the hydroturbine. The turbine operati...
Windows are responsible for significant amounts of energy loss through typical building envelopes. There have been multiple studies on heat loss through the glazing unit and frame system. This study presents an experimental investigation of a window...
Accurate detection of premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) is crucial for early identification of patients at risk for atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and oth...
In light of terrorist attacks and accidents, the need for structural protection against explosive events has increased significantly in recent decades. Conventional unprotected windows pose a particularly high risk of injury to building occupants due...
A sonic crystal barrier, consisting of empty micro-perforated cylindrical shells, was built on the campus at the Universitat Politècnica de València in 2011 and characterised by using a non-standardised measurement technique. In this pa...
This article presents a critical review of the development of window systems used in civil engineering, interpreting them not as discrete construction products, but as complex technical and material systems whose actual value emerges from the interde...
Research into technological processes, such as welding, provides the basis for optimising the strength and quality of PVC joints, which are becoming increasingly important in the context of sustainable construction. The study analysed the influence o...
Social Housing (SH) in Mexico has a potentially important role in reducing both the emission of greenhouse gases and the use of non-renewable resources, two of the main challenges facing not only Mexico but the planet as a whole. This work assesses t...
Improving window performance is a key strategy for reducing heating energy demand in residential buildings; however, the economic feasibility of upgrading to higher performance grades remains uncertain, particularly for single-detached houses. This s...
In Slovakia, 35% of buildings are older than 50 years but most newer buildings built before 1990 have greater energy consumption. Some other countries also have similar problems. The growing importance of energy saving in buildings can be, in the cas...
Plastic streams dominated by polyethylene (PE) including PE HD/MD (High Density/Medium Density) and PE LD/LLD (Low Density/Linear Low Density), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) across Europe demand a design framework that links synthe...
Solid-state lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their special properties of high safety and high energy density. Among them, the polymer electrolyte membrane with high ionic conductivity and a wide electrochemical window is a key p...
Buildings account for a large share of global energy use, and tropical cooling loads are intensified by solar radiation and humidity. This study characterizes a tape-applied four-layer wallpaper (PET grid fabric/PVC/commercial aluminized film/PE) on...
Our greenhouse tomatoes have suffered from attacks by viruliferous whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) over the last 10 years. The fundamental countermeasure was the application of an electric field screen to the greenhouse...
The European building stock is an aging infrastructure, mainly built prior to building codes. Furthermore, 65% of these buildings are located in seismic regions, which need to be both energetic and seismically retrofitted to comply with performance t...
In order to maintain the quality of construction for nearly zero energy buildings and to reduce the pressure on construction workers with the addition of the need for faster and simpler structures, the use of cavity-insulated LSF (lightweight steel f...
Aging populations have intensified the demand for thermally comfortable and energy-efficient housing, particularly for elderly residents whose diminished thermoregulatory capacity renders them disproportionately vulnerable to indoor temperature fluct...