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  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
4,754 Views
19 Pages

Drift Adaptive Online DDoS Attack Detection Framework for IoT System

  • Yonas Kibret Beshah,
  • Surafel Lemma Abebe and
  • Henock Mulugeta Melaku

Internet of Things (IoT) security is becoming important with the growing popularity of IoT devices and their wide applications. Recent network security reports revealed a sharp increase in the type, frequency, sophistication, and impact of distribute...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in IoT Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,126 Views
26 Pages

31 October 2019

In recent years, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have increasingly shown the trend of multiattack vector composites, which has significantly improved the concealment and success rate of DDoS attacks. Therefore, improving the ubiquitous d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Threats, Challenges, and Opportunities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
8,675 Views
14 Pages

Feature-Selection-Based DDoS Attack Detection Using AI Algorithms

  • Muhammad Saibtain Raza,
  • Mohammad Nowsin Amin Sheikh,
  • I-Shyan Hwang and
  • Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman

17 April 2024

SDN has the ability to transform network design by providing increased versatility and effective regulation. Its programmable centralized controller gives network administration employees more authority, allowing for more seamless supervision. Howeve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
179 Citations
15,679 Views
19 Pages

Real-Time DDoS Attack Detection System Using Big Data Approach

  • Mazhar Javed Awan,
  • Umar Farooq,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Aqeel Babar,
  • Awais Yasin,
  • Haitham Nobanee,
  • Muzammil Hussain,
  • Owais Hakeem and
  • Azlan Mohd Zain

27 September 2021

Currently, the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has become rampant, and shows up in various shapes and patterns, therefore it is not easy to detect and solve with previous solutions. Classification algorithms have been used in many studies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,341 Views
24 Pages

DDoS attacks remain a persistent cybersecurity threat, blocking services to legitimate users and causing significant damage to reputation, finances, and potential customers. For the detection of DDoS attacks, machine learning techniques such as super...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Security in Artificial Intelligence Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
9,423 Views
31 Pages

The Vulnerability of the Production Line Using Industrial IoT Systems under DDoS Attack

  • Tibor Horak,
  • Peter Strelec,
  • Ladislav Huraj,
  • Pavol Tanuska,
  • Andrea Vaclavova and
  • Michal Kebisek

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are not only finding increasing use in ordinary households, but they have also become a key element for the Industry 4.0 concept. The implementation of industrial IoT devices into production streamlines the production...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances on Networks and Cyber Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
96 Citations
13,364 Views
24 Pages

Effective and Efficient DDoS Attack Detection Using Deep Learning Algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron

  • Sheeraz Ahmed,
  • Zahoor Ali Khan,
  • Syed Muhammad Mohsin,
  • Shahid Latif,
  • Sheraz Aslam,
  • Hana Mujlid,
  • Muhammad Adil and
  • Zeeshan Najam

15 February 2023

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks pose an increasing threat to businesses and government agencies. They harm internet businesses, limit access to information and services, and damage corporate brands. Attackers use application layer DDoS a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyber Security Challenges in the New Smart Worlds)
  • Review
  • Open Access
125 Citations
36,179 Views
57 Pages

In recent times, distributed denial of service (DDoS) has been one of the most prevalent security threats in internet-enabled networks, with many internet of things (IoT) devices having been exploited to carry out attacks. Due to their inherent secur...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications and Networking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
15,209 Views
17 Pages

Entropy-Based Application Layer DDoS Attack Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks

  • Khundrakpam Johnson Singh,
  • Khelchandra Thongam and
  • Tanmay De

1 October 2016

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is one of the major threats to the web server. The rapid increase of DDoS attacks on the Internet has clearly pointed out the limitations in current intrusion detection systems or intrusion prevention syste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
80 Citations
12,966 Views
14 Pages

Machine Learning for DDoS Attack Detection in Industry 4.0 CPPSs

  • Firooz B. Saghezchi,
  • Georgios Mantas,
  • Manuel A. Violas,
  • A. Manuel de Oliveira Duarte and
  • Jonathan Rodriguez

16 February 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) has transformed factories into smart Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs), where man, product, and machine are fully interconnected across the whole supply chain. Although this digitalization bring...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,236 Views
32 Pages

20 February 2023

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is still one of the main threats to network security today. Attackers are able to run DDoS in simple steps and with high efficiency to slow down or block users’ access to services. In this paper, we propose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
9,773 Views
21 Pages

8 September 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has widely expanded due to its advantages in enhancing the business, industrial, and social ecosystems. Nevertheless, IoT infrastructure is susceptible to several cyber-attacks due to the endpoint devices’ restricti...

(This article belongs to the Collection Security, Trust and Privacy in New Computing Environments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,272 Views
19 Pages

4 October 2025

With the escalating global cyber threats, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become one of the most disruptive and prevalent network attacks. Traditional DDoS detection systems face significant challenges due to the unpredictable natur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Modern Cybersecurity: Changes, Applications and Challenges)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
66 Citations
11,472 Views
12 Pages

The problem of identifying Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) attacks is fundamentally a classification problem in machine learning. In relevance to Cloud Computing, the task of identification of DDoS attacks is a significantly challenging problem...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Interdisciplinarity in Engineering—INTER-ENG 2020)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,523 Views
20 Pages

RAPT: A Robust Attack Path Tracing Algorithm to Mitigate SYN-Flood DDoS Cyberattacks

  • Zakwan AlArnaout,
  • Nour Mostafa,
  • Samer Alabed,
  • Wael Hosny Fouad Aly and
  • Ahmed Shdefat

22 December 2022

In the recent past, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become more abundant and present one of the most serious security threats. In a DDoS attack, the attacker controls a botnet of daemons residing in vulnerable hosts that send a sign...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,391 Views
33 Pages

1 November 2025

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious risk to the operational stability of a network for companies, often leading to service disruptions and financial damage and a loss of trust and credibility. The increasing sophistication and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intrusion Detection and Trust Provisioning in Edge-of-Things Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,492 Views
16 Pages

30 August 2023

Smart cities have experienced significant growth in recent years, transforming people’s lives into a more futuristic version. The smart city initiative includes a diverse collection of specifications, encompassing a large number of users whose...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Review
  • Open Access
102 Citations
10,999 Views
28 Pages

A Taxonomy of DDoS Attack Mitigation Approaches Featured by SDN Technologies in IoT Scenarios

  • Felipe S. Dantas Silva,
  • Esau Silva,
  • Emidio P. Neto,
  • Marcilio Lemos,
  • Augusto J. Venancio Neto and
  • Flavio Esposito

29 May 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) community in recent years. One of the main reasons for this is the availability of techniques provided by this paradigm, such as environ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy Techniques in IoT Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
6,246 Views
17 Pages

Machine Learning-Based Dynamic Attribute Selection Technique for DDoS Attack Classification in IoT Networks

  • Subhan Ullah,
  • Zahid Mahmood,
  • Nabeel Ali,
  • Tahir Ahmad and
  • Attaullah Buriro

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the rapid expansion of interconnected systems, which has also increased the vulnerability of IoT devices to security threats such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In th...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,352 Views
30 Pages

Machine Recognition of DDoS Attacks Using Statistical Parameters

  • Juraj Smiesko,
  • Pavel Segec and
  • Martin Kontsek

31 December 2023

As part of the research in the recently ended project SANET II, we were trying to create a new machine-learning system without a teacher. This system was designed to recognize DDoS attacks in real time, based on adaptation to real-time arbitrary traf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,423 Views
16 Pages

27 February 2024

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have increased in frequency and sophistication over the last ten years. Part of the challenge of defending against such attacks requires the analysis of very large volumes of data. Metaheuristic algorithms...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,080 Views
18 Pages

Robust DDoS Attack Detection Using Piecewise Harris Hawks Optimizer with Deep Learning for a Secure Internet of Things Environment

  • Mahmoud Ragab,
  • Sultanah M. Alshammari,
  • Louai A. Maghrabi,
  • Dheyaaldin Alsalman,
  • Turki Althaqafi and
  • Abdullah AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi

27 October 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices that are embedded with software, sensors, etc., allowing them to exchange and collect information. Although IoT devices have several advantages and can improve peop...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Security in Artificial Intelligence Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,356 Views
16 Pages

31 August 2022

The curse of dimensionality, due to lots of network-traffic attributes, has a negative impact on machine learning algorithms in detecting distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. This study investigated whether adding the filter and wrapper meth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
7,350 Views
11 Pages

20 April 2023

Machine learning (ML) is efficiently disrupting and modernizing cities in terms of service quality for mobility, security, robotics, healthcare, electricity, finance, etc. Despite their undeniable success, ML algorithms need crucial computational eff...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Electric Vehicles)
  • Review
  • Open Access
91 Citations
19,841 Views
24 Pages

DDoS Attack Detection in IoT-Based Networks Using Machine Learning Models: A Survey and Research Directions

  • Amal A. Alahmadi,
  • Malak Aljabri,
  • Fahd Alhaidari,
  • Danyah J. Alharthi,
  • Ghadi E. Rayani,
  • Leena A. Marghalani,
  • Ohoud B. Alotaibi and
  • Shurooq A. Bajandouh

With the emergence of technology, the usage of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is said to be increasing in people’s lives. Such devices can benefit the average individual, who does not necessarily have to have technical knowledge. The IoT can...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Cybersecurity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
7,318 Views
22 Pages

Memcached: An Experimental Study of DDoS Attacks for the Wellbeing of IoT Applications

  • Nivedita Mishra,
  • Sharnil Pandya,
  • Chirag Patel,
  • Nagaraj Cholli,
  • Kirit Modi,
  • Pooja Shah,
  • Madhuri Chopade,
  • Sudha Patel and
  • Ketan Kotecha

2 December 2021

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are significant threats to the cyber world because of their potential to quickly bring down victims. Memcached vulnerabilities have been targeted by attackers using DDoS amplification attacks. GitHub and A...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Healthcare Systems Based on the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,515 Views
30 Pages

An Explanation of the LSTM Model Used for DDoS Attacks Classification

  • Abdulmuneem Bashaiwth,
  • Hamad Binsalleeh and
  • Basil AsSadhan

31 July 2023

With the rise of DDoS attacks, several machine learning-based attack detection models have been used to mitigate malicious behavioral attacks. Understanding how machine learning models work is not trivial. This is particularly true for complex and no...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,485 Views
20 Pages

26 January 2025

This study aims to explore the optimal power allocation problem under Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack in wireless communication networks. The Starkberg Equilibrium (SE) framework is employed to analyze the strategic interactions between d...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,859 Views
16 Pages

23 August 2018

A data center network is vulnerable to suffer from concealed low-rate distributed denial of service (L-DDoS) attacks because its data flow has the characteristics of data flow delay, diversity, and synchronization. Several studies have proposed addre...

  • Review
  • Open Access
120 Citations
16,221 Views
26 Pages

31 January 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are widely used in many industries including smart cities, smart agriculture, smart medical, smart logistics, etc. However, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious threat to the security of IoT. At...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,777 Views
27 Pages

Analyzing Miners’ Dynamic Equilibrium in Blockchain Networks under DDoS Attacks

  • Xiao Liu,
  • Zhao Huang,
  • Quan Wang,
  • Xiaohong Jiang,
  • Yin Chen and
  • Bo Wan

15 September 2023

Proof of work (PoW) is one of the most widely used consensus algorithms in blockchain networks. It mainly uses the competition between mining nodes to obtain block rewards. However, this competition for computational power will allow malicious nodes...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Distributed Computing and Its Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
7,425 Views
18 Pages

Real-Time Detection of DDoS Attacks Based on Random Forest in SDN

  • Ruikui Ma,
  • Qiuqian Wang,
  • Xiangxi Bu and
  • Xuebin Chen

4 July 2023

With the development of the Internet of Things, a huge number of devices are connected to the network, network traffic is exhibiting massive and low latency characteristics. At the same time, it is becoming cheaper and cheaper to launch DDoS attacks,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
3,065 Views
16 Pages

16 April 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is developing as a novel phenomenon that is applied in the growth of several crucial applications. However, these applications continue to function on a centralized storage structure, which leads to several major problems...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Communication Systems, IoT and Blockchain)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,402 Views
16 Pages

4 December 2019

Most existing approaches for solving the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) problem focus on specific security mechanisms, for example, network intrusion detection system (NIDS) detection and firewall configuration, rather than on the packet routin...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,079 Views
30 Pages

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks continue to escalate in scale and complexity, posing significant threats to modern network infrastructures and cloud services. Although many machine learning and deep learning approaches have been proposed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
8,911 Views
22 Pages

An Intelligent Agent-Based Detection System for DDoS Attacks Using Automatic Feature Extraction and Selection

  • Rana Abu Bakar,
  • Xin Huang,
  • Muhammad Saqib Javed,
  • Shafiq Hussain and
  • Muhammad Faran Majeed

22 March 2023

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, advanced persistent threats, and malware actively compromise the availability and security of Internet services. Thus, this paper proposes an intelligent agent system for detecting DDoS attacks using auto...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security Issues and Solutions in Sensing Systems and Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,942 Views
15 Pages

26 August 2021

The Deterministic Network (DetNet) is becoming a major feature for 5G and 6G networks to cope with the issue that conventional IT infrastructure cannot efficiently handle latency-sensitive data. The DetNet applies flow virtualization to satisfy time-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microprocessors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
11,153 Views
16 Pages

Explainable AI-Based DDOS Attack Identification Method for IoT Networks

  • Chathuranga Sampath Kalutharage,
  • Xiaodong Liu,
  • Christos Chrysoulas,
  • Nikolaos Pitropakis and
  • Pavlos Papadopoulos

3 February 2023

The modern digitized world is mainly dependent on online services. The availability of online systems continues to be seriously challenged by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The challenge in mitigating attacks is not limited to identify...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Understandable Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,922 Views
19 Pages

Research on Multi-Layer Defense against DDoS Attacks in Intelligent Distribution Networks

  • Kai Xu,
  • Zemin Li,
  • Nan Liang,
  • Fanchun Kong,
  • Shaobo Lei,
  • Shengjie Wang,
  • Agyemang Paul and
  • Zhefu Wu

10 September 2024

With the continuous development of new power systems, the intelligence of distribution networks has been increasingly enhanced. However, network security issues, especially distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, pose a significant threat to th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
871 Views
18 Pages

19 March 2026

The data plane and the control plane are targets for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the Software-Defined Internet of Things (SDIoT). Currently available studies rely on observations from a single network layer which limits the cross-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust in Intelligent Networked Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
6,410 Views
15 Pages

11 November 2021

The great commitment in different areas of computer science for the study of computer networks used to fulfill specific and major business tasks has generated a need for their maintenance and optimal operability. Distributed denial of service (DDoS)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Threats, Challenges, and Opportunities Ⅱ)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
663 Views
17 Pages

6 August 2026

This study proposes a machine learning and deep learning framework to detect application layer DDoS attacks using web server access logs. A realistic dataset was generated using eight DDoS tools, along with benign traffic. Multiple ML models, includi...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Scientific Conference TechSys 2026—Engineering, Technologies and Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
144 Citations
11,320 Views
22 Pages

Efficient Detection of DDoS Attacks Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Improved Feature Selection

  • Daniyal Alghazzawi,
  • Omaimah Bamasag,
  • Hayat Ullah and
  • Muhammad Zubair Asghar

8 December 2021

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks have now become a serious risk to the integrity and confidentiality of computer networks and systems, which are essential assets in today’s world. Detecting DDoS attacks is a difficult task that must...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,677 Views
16 Pages

Detecting DDoS Attacks in IoT-Based Networks Using Matrix Profile

  • Mohammed Ali Alzahrani,
  • Ali M. Alzahrani and
  • Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui

19 August 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a swiftly developing technology in all sectors, with the number of devices that connect to the Internet has increased remarkably in recent years. However, most of these devices use cheap hardware and lack a concrete se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
254 Citations
15,582 Views
16 Pages

1 February 2020

Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers several advantages such as manageability, scaling, and improved performance. However, SDN involves specific security problems, especially if its controller is defenseless against Distributed Denial of Service...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
5,911 Views
25 Pages

Optimized MLP-CNN Model to Enhance Detecting DDoS Attacks in SDN Environment

  • Mohamed Ali Setitra,
  • Mingyu Fan,
  • Bless Lord Y. Agbley and
  • Zine El Abidine Bensalem

1 December 2023

In the contemporary landscape, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have emerged as an exceedingly pernicious threat, particularly in the context of network management centered around technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN). With...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Network and Service Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,139 Views
17 Pages

Protection Schemes for DDoS, ARP Spoofing, and IP Fragmentation Attacks in Smart Factory

  • Tze Uei Chai,
  • Hock Guan Goh,
  • Soung-Yue Liew and
  • Vasaki Ponnusamy

20 April 2023

Industry Revolution 4.0 connects the Internet of Things (IoT) resource-constrained devices to Smart Factory solutions and delivers insights. As a result, a complex and dynamic network with a vulnerability inherited from the Internet becomes an attrac...

(This article belongs to the Topic SDGs 2030 in Buildings and Infrastructure)
  • Article
  • Open Access
125 Citations
8,678 Views
18 Pages

Transport and Application Layer DDoS Attacks Detection to IoT Devices by Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

  • Josue Genaro Almaraz-Rivera,
  • Jesus Arturo Perez-Diaz and
  • Jose Antonio Cantoral-Ceballos

28 April 2022

From smart homes to industrial environments, the IoT is an ally to easing daily activities, where some of them are critical. More and more devices are connected to and through the Internet, which, given the large amount of different manufacturers, ma...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,013 Views
25 Pages

One-Parameter Statistical Methods to Recognize DDoS Attacks

  • Roman Hajtmanek,
  • Martin Kontšek,
  • Juraj Smieško and
  • Jana Uramová

11 November 2022

Within our academic high-speed network infrastructure which is used for connecting all universities and high schools in our country to the Internet, there are thousands of cybersecurity attacks occurring every day. That is why, within our SANET II pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,842 Views
17 Pages

Mitigation against DDoS Attacks on an IoT-Based Production Line Using Machine Learning

  • Ladislav Huraj,
  • Tibor Horak,
  • Peter Strelec and
  • Pavol Tanuska

19 February 2021

Industry 4.0 collects, exchanges, and analyzes data during the production process to increase production efficiency. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are among the basic technologies used for this purpose. However, the integration of IoT technology i...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)

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