This study presents the design and evaluation of a low-cost, manually operated hydraulic press for extracting oil from Kalahari melon seeds in rural Namibia. Traditional firewood-based extraction methods are labor-intensive, inefficient, and pose hea...
Whole-plant maize (corn) (WPC) is a critical forage in ruminant diets, and rapid, reliable measurement of its nutritional composition is essential for precision feeding. We hypothesized that an on-site near-infrared spectroscopy (OS-NIRS—specif...
The dairy sheep, vital to the Mediterranean economy, struggles to balance productivity, sustainability, and animal welfare, especially in extensive, small-scale systems. Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies offer new opportunities by enabli...
Sowing represents one of the most critical technological processes in grain production, where seed distribution uniformity directly impacts crop yield by determining plant nutrition area efficiency. Conventional sowing methods with varying row spacin...
This work aims to demonstrate the successful, long-term human use of an automatic scheduling-manual operation (AS-MO) precision irrigation tool by farmers on a medium-scale Jordanian farm. Innovation in low-cost, accessible, and water-efficient irrig...
In semi-arid areas, water loss from small agricultural water storage facilities is significant, owing to evaporation. A longitudinal study was conducted between 2019 and 2022 at the Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, located in the semi-ar...
Soil compaction caused by uncontrolled machinery traffic is a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF), which restricts machinery movement to permanent lanes, has been practiced in New Zealand for more than a...
The growing global population intensifies food demand, challenging the agricultural sector to increase efficiency. Precision agriculture (PA) addresses this challenge by leveraging advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and senso...
Accurate and timely crop yield estimation remains a major challenge in agriculture due to the limitations of traditional field-based methods, which are labor-intensive, destructive, and unsuitable for large-scale applications. While recent advances i...
This article shows the possibilities of using passive air conditioning methods in real conditions during the fattening of chickens in the summer with high outdoor temperatures. On a farm in three halls with the same interior equipment, the effect of...
Rice disease recognition is an important task in agricultural diagnostics, as it directly affects crop health and yield. The challenge intensifies due to the visual similarity between symptoms of different diseases and pests, as well as the inherent...
The conversion of biowaste into biofertilizer offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers by supporting nutrient recycling and agricultural productivity. However, industrial pelletization can compromise the viability of microorganisms e...
The monitoring of perennial and annual crops requires different analytical approaches due to their contrasting phenological dynamics and management practices. This study investigates the temporal behavior of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index...
Effective and sustainable livestock management within Mediterranean ecosystems depends heavily on accurate and timely monitoring of sward composition. Traditionally, this task has relied on human observers who must traverse large and often rugged are...
Climate change has led to rising temperatures and increasingly extreme weather conditions, largely driven by human activity, including agriculture. The food and agriculture sector is responsible for approximately 21–37% of global greenhouse gas...
Heat damage caused by elevated temperature and humidity during storage significantly affects soybean seed quality and viability. Early detection remains challenging due to the lack of visible symptoms in mildly damaged seeds. In this study, hyperspec...
Acerola is a fruit rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, but it has a short shelf life. Foam-mat dehydration is a promising method for extending the shelf life, but it can change the rheological properties of the powder. Therefore, the present study ai...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools for monitoring crop condition, detecting early signs of plant stress, and supporting timely interventions in modern precision agriculture. However, real-time onboard image analysis remains c...
Precision planting is critical for improving crop establishment and productivity in smallholder farming systems in Pakistan, where manual seeding remains labour-intensive, imprecise, and inefficient. The limited availability of suitable small planter...
The increasing deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors in precision agriculture has created critical challenges related to wireless communication range, energy efficiency, and data transmission latency, particularly in large-scale rural operat...
Jixin fruit (Malus domestica ‘Jixin’) is a high-value specialty fruit of significant economic importance in northeastern and northwestern China. Automatic recognition of fruit maturity is a critical prerequisite for intelligent harvesting...
Projects integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are essential to interdisciplinary research. This study presents a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) methodology with the primary objective of design...
Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for agricultural education and decision support, yet their adoption is limited by domain-specific terminology, ambiguous retrieval, and factual inconsistencies. This work presents AgroLLM, a domain...
Facing water scarcity and environmental contamination, a sustainable approach combining bioeconomy and circular economy principles has emerged: the use of onshore oil and gas produced water (PW) to irrigate Nopalea cochenillifera. This study evaluate...
This study compared three deep learning architectures—one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), self-supervised learning (SSL), and Vision Transformer (ViT)—to evaluate their ability to predict carotenoid content from visible...
The temperate Himalayan states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Ladakh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh in India face unique agro-ecological challenges across agriculture and allied sectors, including pest and disease pressures, ine...
Rice–crab co-culture systems (RC) represent promising sustainable intensification approaches, yet their nitrogen (N) cycling and optimal fertilization strategies remain poorly characterized. In this study, we compared RC with rice monoculture s...
Non-destructive estimation of high-temperature stress effects on tobacco plants is crucial for both scientific research and practical applications. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), chlorophyll index, and spectra in the range of 900&ndas...
Greenhouse pesticide application often suffers from low droplet deposition uniformity and health risks to operators. A self-propelled overhead rail air-assisted sprayer has been designed. The mathematical model based on droplet movement and the DPM a...
Sugarcane diseases cause estimated global annual losses of over $5 billion. While deep learning shows promise for disease detection, current approaches lack transparency and confidence estimates, limiting their adoption by agricultural stakeholders....
Weed management has become a critical agricultural practice, as weeds compete with crops for nutrients, host pests and diseases, and cause major economic losses. The invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is particularly problematic i...
Early and accurate date palm disease detection is the key to successful smart farming ecosystem sustainability. In this paper, we introduce DoST-DPD, a new Dual-Stream Transformer architecture for multimodal disease diagnosis utilizing RGB, thermal a...
This study aimed to develop a methodology to evaluate, through RGB image processing, the wheat cultivar TRIO Calibre under three irrigation levels (100, 50, and 25%), with or without the application of Bacillus aryabhattai, in Brazilian Cerrado soil....
LoRa-based IoT systems are increasingly used in smart farming, greenhouse monitoring, and large-scale agricultural sensing, where long-range, energy-efficient communication is essential. However, estimating link quality metrics such as PRR, RSSI, and...
To address challenges such as small target size, high density, severe occlusion, complex background interference, and edge device computational constraints, a lightweight model, GAFNet, is proposed based on YOLO11n, optimized for rice pest detection...
Waste valorisation has become a key strategy for applying circular economy principles in the agro-industrial field. This study investigated the territorial implementation of the waste composting on a territorial scale. The wastes considered were the...
Precision agriculture has increasingly adopted controlled agricultural microclimates, particularly smart greenhouses, as a strategy to enhance crop yields while maintaining environmental conditions within suitable ranges for each crop. Among the vari...
This study presents a field-oriented AI web system for durian orchard management that recognizes leaf health from on-orchard images under variable illumination. Two complementary pipelines are employed: (1) a rule-based module operating in HSV and CI...
Early and non-destructive detection of plant-parasitic nematodes is critical for implementing site-specific management in coffee production systems. This study evaluated the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral and thermal imaging...
For high-value-added products such as matcha, scientific confirmation of the origin is essential for quality assurance and fraud prevention. In this study, three nondestructive analytical techniques, specifically fluorescence (FF), near-infrared (NIR...
Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation is emerging as a promising alternative to the dominant industrial method of the Haber–Bosch (H–B) process, which is energy-intensive and environmentally detrimental. Nonthermal plasma technology represent...
The low level of mechanization in the production process of cumin seeds is one of the primary factors limiting their yield and economic efficiency. To enhance the mechanization of cumin seed production, this study focused on cumin seeds as the resear...
Semantic segmentation of UAV–acquired RGB orthomosaics is a key component for quantifying vegetation cover and monitoring phenology in precision agriculture. This study evaluates a representative set of CNN–based architectures (U–Ne...
Kazakhstan’s growing potato industry underscores the need to develop and apply digital solutions that boost grading efficiency. A comparison between two traditional deep neural network architectures used to classify color images of potatoes fro...
As precision agriculture places higher demands on real-time field weed detection and recognition accuracy, this paper proposes a multi-scale information-enhanced weed detection algorithm, MIE-YOLO (Multi-scale Information Enhanced), for precision agr...
Metal foreign objects left in fields pose a significant challenge during silage harvester operation, leading to reduced mechanical efficiency, compromised feed quality, and risks to livestock safety. However, due to the complex and demanding working...
Prompt identification of clinical signs and early treatment of hoof problems are essential to effectively manage and reduce lameness in dairy farms. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of days in milk (DIM), parity, and milk yield (MY) on the...
Efficient and reliable estimation of rice phenological stages is crucial for improving yield prediction, optimizing irrigation, and guiding fertilization management. Spectral indices (SIs) derived from remote sensing have demonstrated strong potentia...
Small-scale farms produce more than one-third of the world’s food supply, making them a crucial contributor to global food security. In this study, an artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) framework is introduced for smart small-scale farm m...
Landfill leachate reverse osmosis (RO) treatment generates a highly concentrated stream rich in recalcitrant organic matter, particularly humic substances (HS), which present potential for recovery and reuse as a biofertilizer. This study evaluated H...
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