Test anxiety may be a contributing factor to low-performing examination scores among students. There can be numerous physiological responses in the body that lead to test anxiety. One is the body’s response to stress, which activates the brain...
On the world stage, the increase in temperatures due to global warming is already a reality that has become one of the main challenges faced by the scientific community. Since agriculture is highly dependent on climatic conditions, it may suffer a gr...
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a compound involved in some mammalian reactions and processes. It modulates and signals the redox metabolism of cells by acting as a messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the nitric oxide radical (•NO), a...
Infertility has a remarkable global impact affecting approximately about 48 million couples worldwide. One of the most contended concerns in reproductive biology is the prospective influence of psychological stress on pregnancy rates. Individuals str...
A rest–pause (RP) technique involves performing one or more repetitions at high resistance to failure, followed by a short rest before performing one or more repetitions. These techniques can affect neuromuscular conditions and fatigue by chang...
Fruit diseases brought on by fungus infestation leads to postharvest losses of fresh fruit. Approximately 30% of harvested fruits do not reach consumers’ plates due to postharvest losses. Fungal pathogens play a substantial part in those losses...
Secondary metabolites, such as phenols and salicylic, play a crucial role in the regulation of development and tolerance mechanisms against a wide range of stresses. During adverse conditions such as biotic and abiotic stresses, plants induce the bio...
Chronic pain represents a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, significantly compromising their quality of life. The conventional approach to treating this type of pain often relies on the use of opioid analge...
Ergosterol is a key fungal sterol that is mainly found in the plasma membrane and is responsible for the proper membrane structure, rigidity, permeability and activity of membrane proteins. Ergosterol plays a crucial role in the ability of fungi to a...
Ethylene, a gaseous phytohormone, is emerging as a central player in the intricate web of plant developmental processes from germination to senescence under optimal and stressed conditions. The presence of ethylene has been noted in different plant p...
The non-essential metalloid arsenic (As) is widely distributed in soil and underground water of many countries. Arsenic contamination is a concern because it creates threat to food security in terms of crop productivity and food safety. Plants expose...
Cellular stressors have been demonstrated to exert a substantial influence on the functionality of organelles, thereby impacting cellular homeostasis and contributing to the development of disease pathogenesis. This review aims to examine the impact...
Cyanobacteria are oxygen-evolving photoautotrophs with worldwide distribution in every possible habitat, and they account for half of the global primary productivity. Because of their ability to thrive in a hostile environment, cyanobacteria are cate...
Hans Selye’s stress concept, first introduced in the 1930s, has undergone substantial evolution, extending beyond biology and medicine to influence diverse academic disciplines. Initially, Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describ...
High-gravity fermentation, used for ethanol production from sugarcane, corn, and mixed substrates, offers several benefits. Yeast, a rapidly multiplying unicellular microorganism, can be adapted for high sugar and ethanol tolerance on a lab scale. Ho...
The relationship between various central nervous system (CNS) disorders linked to pesticide exposure highlights a growing concern worldwide, as the extensive use of these compounds causes toxic effects on the CNS of non-target organisms. Reports indi...
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technolo...
Soil microorganisms provide multifaceted benefits, including maintaining soil nutrient dynamics, improving soil structure, and instituting decomposition, all of which are important to soil health. Unpredictable weather events, including flooding from...
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by significant inflammation of orbital tissues, including the extraocular muscles and adipose tissues. The pathological mechanisms underlying this inflammation involve a c...
In recent years, the adoption of sustainable pest management strategies has increased interest in the utilization of biopesticides, with a focus on harnessing beneficial microorganisms. Among these, lipopeptides, such as surfactins, iturins, and feng...
Catalase can decompose hydrogen peroxide in plants under controlled and stressed conditions. In a stressed environment, an increase in hydrogen peroxide production makes catalase activity a major defense system for plant growth. The current study was...
In recent years, much interest has been generated by the idea that nitrosative stress plays a role in the aetiology of human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases. The chemical changes mediated by reactive...
Salinity and metal stress are significant abiotic factors that negatively influence plant growth and development. These factors lead to diminished agricultural yields on a global scale. Organic amendments have emerged as a potential solution for miti...
Biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix; they form by sticking to a surface, growing in number, spreading out, developing fully, and breaking apart. Biofilm repr...
Background: Exposure to early life stress significantly increases the risk of psychopathology later in life. However, the impact of early life stress on the gut microbiome and its potential role in mental health outcomes remains insufficiently unders...
Acute and chronic stress each have physical manifestations in the human body that can lead to many negative health impacts. Today, reported stress levels worldwide are at an all-time high, spurring the search for non-pharmaceutical interventions to m...
Climate change imposes biotic and abiotic stresses on soil and plant health all across the planet. Beneficial rhizobacterial genera, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, Rhizobium, Serratia, and others, are gaining popularity due to their...
Marine macroalgae (commonly known as seaweeds), a rich yet underexplored resource, have emerged as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties. While oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of numero...
Ehretia microphylla of the Boraginaceae family has been extensively used as a folklore remedy for the treatment of a wide range of ailments such as cough, cancer, allergies, and gastrointestinal and venereal disorders. Extensive literature review rep...
Zinc plays an important role in the regulation of many cellular functions; it is a signaling molecule involved in the transduction of several cascades in response to intra and extracellular stimuli. Labile zinc is a small fraction of total intracellu...
Stress, mood, and eating behavior play an important role in appetite and weight regulation. In particular, ghrelin, as the only known orexigenic hormone, has been suggested to be an influential mediator in food intake responses to stress. The exact r...
Cross-kingdom infections, where pathogens from one kingdom infect organisms of another, were historically regarded as rare anomalies with minimal concern. However, emerging evidence reveals their increasing prevalence and potential to disrupt the del...
Wheat is a cereal grain crop that is commonly cultivated and is a good source of nutrients that are beneficial to human health. In recent years, the productivity of wheat has been steadily declining, with abiotic pressures accounting for almost half...
Salt stress (SS) refers to excessive soluble salt concentrations in the plant root zone. SS also causes cellular water deficits, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress in plants, all of which can cause growth inhibition, molecular damage, and even plant...
Bioindication of the environment is one of the actively developing directions of ecology. Information about pollutants and the level of environmental pollution can be obtained as a result of studying the biological reaction of plants to pollution. Ec...
Nitrogen (N) is essential for sustaining life on Earth and plays a vital role in plant growth and thus agricultural production. The excessive use of N fertilizers not only harms the economy, but also the environment. In the context of the environment...
From germination to harvest, cereal crops are constantly exposed to a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses that significantly hinder their growth and productivity, posing a serious threat to global food security. Seed resilience and performance are fou...
Lignification is a vital function in plants for improving tolerance against stressors. This article presents studies conducted on the relationship of wheat straw lignin with enhanced plant adaptation against lodging and stressors. Herein, we provide...
The role of sedation in patients with acute respiratory failure in the intensive care unit is crucial for improving the adaptation to mechanical ventilation, avoiding lung injury, and reducing stress related to the over-stimulated sympathetic tone. T...
Rice is one of the most important staple foods globally, sustaining over half of the world’s population. However, the sustainability of grain production is increasingly threatened by heat stress, which is intensified by global climate change. H...
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can impact plant photosynthesis and productivity and threaten food security, especially when combined with additional environmental stressors. This study addresses the effects of elevated CO2 in combinat...
Salt stress significantly contributes to major losses in agricultural productivity worldwide. The sustainable approach for salinity-accrued toxicity has been explored. The use of plant growth regulators/phytohormones, mineral nutrients and other sign...
Using Bacillus species as bioagents for environmentally sustainable and economically viable plant disease management is a viable strategy. Thus, it is important to promote their use in agriculture. In this study, two Bacillus species were isolated fr...
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is short, and PDAC is a cancer type that ranks fourth in the statistics regarding death due to cancer. Mutation in the KRAS gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer developmen...
The morphological plasticity of plant roots is a key factor in their ability to tolerate a wide range of edaphic stresses. There are many unanswered questions relating to nanotechnology and its potential uses for sustainable agriculture. The main pur...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) and is expected to be the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths. The high mortality rate is due to the asymptomatic progression...
From the data in our possession derived from the literature, it has been shown that men have a high risk and appear to have a specific higher risk of suffering from thromboembolism than women, regardless of age group. Furthermore, at present, this di...
Drought-induced reduction in crop growth and productivity can be compensated by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant contributor to climate change. Drought stress (DS) affects crops worldwide due to dwindling water resources and...
Urban ecosystems are increasingly shaped by multiple environmental stressors, which may threaten both biodiversity and human well-being. We summarised the current knowledge on the ecological and social consequences of seven major urban pressures: air...
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gained attention as a non-invasive therapeutic option in oncology due to its selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. CAP produces a complex mixture of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which induce ox...
