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Symmetry, Volume 17, Issue 9

2025 September - 215 articles

Cover Story: Charged ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are subject to Lorentz forces created by ubiquitous magnetic fields during propagation. The intensity of these fields depends on the scale of the distances considered, ranging from the size of the Solar System and the Earth’s field to galactic and intergalactic fields. The cosmic ray astronomy search for sources of cosmic rays of the highest energies requires knowledge of the change in their trajectory as they pass through the magnetic fields of the Galaxy. The knowledge of them is rather modest and we are forced to resort in our calculations to models. In this paper, we present results of the calculations carried out for specific potential UHECR sources of both known objects in the sky and potential ones located in the directions of the observed UHECR. View this paper
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Articles (215)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,059 Views
23 Pages

22 September 2025

For a non-conservative nonlinear oscillator (NCNO) having a periodic solution, the existence of the first integral is a certain symmetry of the nonlinear dynamical system, which signifies the balance of kinetic energy and potential energy. A first-or...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,449 Views
34 Pages

22 September 2025

The eccentric decoupled charge (EDC) is widely used in blasting engineering, but the combined effects of decoupling ratio, coupling medium, and explosive position (eccentricity coefficient) on blast pressure propagation and rock damage remain insuffi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, Asymmetry and Nonlinearity in Geomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,400 Views
27 Pages

22 September 2025

Nanotechnology has become a transformative field in modern science and engineering, offering innovative approaches to enhance conventional thermal and fluid systems. Heat and mass transfer phenomena, particularly fluid motion across various geometrie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Mathematics and Its Applications in Numerical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
961 Views
13 Pages

Categories of Harmonic Functions in the Symmetric Unit Disk Linked to the Bessel Function

  • Naci Taşar,
  • Fethiye Müge Sakar,
  • Basem Frasin and
  • Ibtisam Aldawish

22 September 2025

Here in this paper, we establish the basic inclusion relations among the harmonic class HF(σ,η) with the classes SHF* of starlike harmonic functions and KHF of convex harmonic functions defined in open symmetric unit disk U. Moreover, we in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Special Functions in Complex Analysis and Their Symmetries)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,917 Views
17 Pages

22 September 2025

Edge computing offers low-latency and distributed processing for IoT applications but poses new security challenges, due to limited resources and decentralized data. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are essential for real-time threat monitoring, ye...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,146 Views
17 Pages

Early-Stage Prediction of Steel Weight in Industrial Buildings Using Neural Networks

  • Johnny Setiawan,
  • Ridho Bayuaji,
  • Mohammad Arif Rohman and
  • Delima Canny Valentine Simarmata

22 September 2025

In industrial building projects, steel is the main material used to create sturdy structures that have large open spaces without many columns in the center of the building. To estimate the cost of constructing a building before it enters the detailed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, Asymmetry and Other Patterns in Structural Engineering with Its Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,882 Views
18 Pages

21 September 2025

This paper presents a comparative mathematical analysis of electrode configurations used in active fog water harvesting systems based on electrostatic ionization. The study begins with a brief overview of fog formation and typology. It also addresses...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,298 Views
17 Pages

Spatio-Temporal Recursive Method for Traffic Flow Interpolation

  • Gang Wang,
  • Yuhao Mao,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Haohan Liang and
  • Keqiang Li

21 September 2025

Traffic data sequence imputation plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and reliability of transportation analytics and decision-making systems. With the proliferation of sensor technologies and IoT devices, traffic data often contain miss...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,355 Views
23 Pages

20 September 2025

With the iterative evolution of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology in the robotics domain, the SLAM paradigm based on three-dimensional Gaussian distribution models has emerged as the current state-of-the-art technical approach....

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
996 Views
14 Pages

The Charmed Meson Spectrum Using One-Loop Corrections to the One-Gluon Exchange Potential

  • André Capelo-Astudillo,
  • Telmo Aguilar,
  • Marlon Conde-Correa,
  • Álvaro Duenas-Vidal and ,
  • Pablo G. Ortega and
  • Jorge Segovia
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 September 2025

We investigate the charmed meson spectrum using a constituent quark model (CQM) with one-loop corrections applied to the one-gluon exchange (OGE) potential. The study aims to understand if the modified version of our CQM sufficiently account for the...

(This article belongs to the Section C: Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,043 Views
26 Pages

20 September 2025

The classification of exact solutions of Maxwell vacuum equations for pseudo-Riemannian spaces with spatial symmetry (homogeneous non-null spaces in Petrov) in the presence of electromagnetic fields invariant with respect to the action of the group o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
800 Views
24 Pages

19 September 2025

This work presents new results concerning weighted Hardy-type inequalities within the framework of delta conformable fractional integrals on arbitrary time scales. The proposed approach unifies the treatment of inequalities across continuous and disc...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
978 Views
26 Pages

19 September 2025

To address the limitations of existing models that typically treat crater formation and shear plugging as independent processes and only consider angle of attack effects during the initial crater phase, this study proposes a dynamic shear _plugging m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, Asymmetry and Nonlinearity in Geomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,488 Views
23 Pages

19 September 2025

This study presents a morphing Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) optimization method for enhancing sports car aerodynamics, with performance evaluation conducted in the vehicle’s symmetry plane. The morphing approach enables precise, smooth...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,252 Views
14 Pages

Laterality, Shot Direction and Spatial Asymmetry in Decisive Penalty Kicks: Evidence from Elite Men’s Football

  • Pablo Cidre-Fuentes,
  • Manuel Alberto González-Harcevnicow and
  • Iván Prieto-Lage

19 September 2025

Penalty shootouts often decide major football tournaments, making the analysis of spatial symmetry and shot patterns crucial for performance optimization. This study analyzed 212 decisive penalty kicks in elite men’s football to explore spatial...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Application in Motor Control in Sports and Rehabilitation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,449 Views
21 Pages

19 September 2025

Cryptography stands out as a scientific methodology for safeguarding communication against unauthorized access. This article proposes a newly formulated graph termed the Index Difference Graph (IDG). The proposed graph model serves as the secret key...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
688 Views
14 Pages

19 September 2025

The main objective of this work is to discuss the generalized anti-periodic boundary conditions of the generalized Caputo fractional differential equations with p(t)-Laplacian operators. By applying the Schaefer fixed point theorem, the existence of...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,226 Views
35 Pages

Improving the Performance of Constructed Neural Networks with a Pre-Train Phase

  • Ioannis G. Tsoulos,
  • Vasileios Charilogis and
  • Dimitrios Tsalikakis

19 September 2025

A multitude of problems in the contemporary literature are addressed using machine learning models, the most widespread of which are artificial neural networks. Furthermore, in recent years, evolutionary techniques have emerged that identify both the...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,060 Views
22 Pages

18 September 2025

This study investigates Weibull distribution modeling for data under grouped observations. Two data grouping methods (equal-width and optimal) were compared for estimating parameters of the Weibull distribution using maximum likelihood estimation (ML...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,183 Views
25 Pages

Application of the Finite Element Method in Stress and Strain Analysis of Spherical Tank for Fluid Storage

  • Halima Onalla S. Ali,
  • Vladimir Dedić,
  • Jelena Živković,
  • Nenad Todić and
  • Radovan Petrović

18 September 2025

Symmetry plays a key role in the study of stress and strain analysis of spherical tanks, as described in detail in the main text. The inherent geometric symmetry of a spherical tank–being uniform in all directions from its center–allows f...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,259 Views
16 Pages

Numerical Simulation of 3D Full Hydraulic Jumps Using a GPU-Based SPH Model

  • Jinbo Lin,
  • Runzhen Wu,
  • Yingchao Ma,
  • Zhenglin Tian and ,
  • Dongbin He,
  • Jian Zheng and
  • Lei Li
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 September 2025

Hydraulic jumps typically exhibit a distinct symmetry under ideal boundary conditions and are characterized by a sudden change in flow depth and velocity. They are commonly employed in a diverse array of water management systems to dissipate excess e...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
766 Views
13 Pages

18 September 2025

Thick wall structures involving longitudinal wave are typically utilized in aerospace engineering, nuclear power engineering, precision transmission device design, and pressure vessels design. Consequently, developing sophisticated dynamic models for...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,006 Views
10 Pages

Smoothness of the Solution of a Boundary Value Problem for Degenerate Elliptic Equations

  • Perizat Beisebay,
  • Yerbulat Akzhigitov,
  • Talgat Akhazhanov,
  • Gulmira Kenzhebekova and
  • Dauren Matin

18 September 2025

This paper investigates boundary value problems for a class of elliptic equations exhibiting uniform and non-uniform degeneracy, including cases of non-monotonic degeneration. A key objective is to identify conditions on the coefficients under which...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,620 Views
24 Pages

18 September 2025

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging in low-resource, morphologically rich languages (LRLs/MRLs) remains challenging due to extensive affixation, high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rates, and pervasive polysemy. We propose MRL-POS, a unified Transformer-CRF framew...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry Studies in Data Mining & Machine Learning of Large Language Models)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,297 Views
18 Pages

18 September 2025

Face recognition under uneven illumination conditions presents significant challenges, as asymmetric shadows often obscure facial features while overexposed regions lose critical texture details. To address this problem, a novel symmetry-aware illumi...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,213 Views
21 Pages

Migration and Removal of Microplastics in a Dual-Cone Mini-Hydrocyclone

  • Yiwei Dai,
  • Xinjun Yang,
  • Jiyun Du,
  • Wei Yu and ,
  • Dongxiang Wang and
  • Fangyang Yuan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

17 September 2025

In this study, we analyzed the migration and removal of microplastics (MPs) using a dual-cone mini-hydrocyclone, thereby addressing the research gaps in flow mechanisms and separation efficiency for low-density MPs. We constructed and experimentally...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Its Application in Fluid Mechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,746 Views
10 Pages

Understanding Weightbearing Symmetries During Crawling in Typically Developing Infants and Infants with Limb Loss

  • Mark D. Geil,
  • Jill Cannoy,
  • Emma Stockwell,
  • Colleen Coulter and ,
  • Megan Knapp,
  • Lyle Blackwelder,
  • Lucas Northway and
  • Austin Brown
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

17 September 2025

Crawling is an almost universal stage of locomotor development in infants; however, it is difficult to quantify using typical motion analysis techniques. The crawling stage therefore has underutilized potential to assess development and detect deviat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Biomechanics and Gait Mechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,138 Views
30 Pages

17 September 2025

This study presents a novel hybrid approach combining grammatical evolution with constrained genetic algorithms to overcome key limitations in automated neural network design. The proposed method addresses two critical challenges: the tendency of gra...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Symmetry/Asymmetry in Artificial Intelligence and Deep Metaheuristics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
777 Views
19 Pages

Kernel Mean p-Power Loss-Enhanced Robust Hammerstein Adaptive Filter and Its Performance Analysis

  • Yan Liu,
  • Chuanliang Tu,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Yu Chen and ,
  • Chenggan Wen and
  • Banghui Yin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

17 September 2025

Hammerstein adaptive filters (HAFs) are widely used for nonlinear system identification due to their structural simplicity and modeling effectiveness. However, their performance can degrade significantly in the presence of impulsive disturbance or ot...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
995 Views
30 Pages

17 September 2025

Collective intelligence systems have demonstrated considerable potential in dynamic adversarial environments due to their distributed, self-organizing, and highly robust characteristics. The crux of an efficacious defense lies in establishing a dynam...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,568 Views
26 Pages

17 September 2025

Modern logistics operations require real-time adaptive solutions for three-dimensional bin packing that maintain spatial symmetry and load balance. This paper introduces a time-series-based online 3D packing problem with dual unknown sequences, where...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,507 Views
22 Pages

Parametric Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Piers Based on an Axial–Flexure–Shear Model Under Cyclic Loading and Earthquake Conditions

  • Ziang Pan,
  • Qiming Qi,
  • Linxi Duan,
  • Huaping Yang and ,
  • Changjiang Shao,
  • Jingru Li and
  • Haomeng Cui
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

17 September 2025

To enhance the understanding of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) hollow piers, a sensitivity analysis of design parameters is conducted. A novel analytical model named the Axial–Flexure–Shear-Interaction-Membrane-Beam-Trus...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
868 Views
19 Pages

Exploring Symmetry Structures in Integrity-Based Vulnerability Analysis Using Bipolar Fuzzy Graph Theory

  • Muflih Alhazmi,
  • Gangatharan Venkat Narayanan,
  • Perumal Chellamani and
  • Shreefa O. Hilali

16 September 2025

The integrity parameter in vulnerability refers to a set of removed vertices and the maximum number of connected components that remain functional. A bipolar fuzzy graph (BFG) assigns membership values to both positive and negative attributes. A new...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,283 Views
35 Pages

Modeling Transient Waveforms of Offshore Wind Power AC/DC Transmission Faults: Unveiling Symmetry–Asymmetry Mechanisms

  • Yi Zheng,
  • Qi You,
  • Yujie Chen,
  • Haoming Guo and ,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Shuang Liang and
  • Xin Pan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

16 September 2025

This paper aims to unveil the symmetry–asymmetry transition mechanisms in transient fault waveforms of offshore wind power AC/DC transmission systems, addressing the critical limitation of traditional simulation methods of the fact that they ca...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,915 Views
32 Pages

A New Method Based on Hierarchical Belief Rule Base with Balanced Accuracy and Interpretability for Stock Price Trend Prediction

  • Jiaxing Li,
  • Boyu Liu,
  • Wenkai Zhou,
  • Tianhao Zhang and ,
  • Xiping Duan,
  • Ning Ma and
  • Yuhe Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

16 September 2025

The prediction of stock price trends is of vital importance for maintaining the stability of the financial market, optimizing resource allocation and preventing systemic risks. To ensure the practical application value of the prediction model, it is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,273 Views
17 Pages

16 September 2025

A Takahashi convex structure is considered on Menger PM-spaces and used to investigate the existence of best proximity points for weak cyclic Kannan contractions. We then introduce a concept of a probabilistic proximal quasi-normal structure on a con...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Fixed Point Theory and Optimization: Computations and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
1,269 Views
19 Pages

Monitoring and Diagnostics of Mining Electromechanical Equipment Based on Machine Learning

  • Eduard Muratbakeev,
  • Yuriy Kozhubaev,
  • Diana Novak,
  • Roman Ershov and
  • Zhou Wei

16 September 2025

Induction motors are a common component of electromechanical equipment in mining operations, yet they are susceptible to failures resulting from frequent start–stops, overloading, wear and tear, and component failure. It is evident that such fa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry in Motor Control, Drives and Power Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,320 Views
14 Pages

16 September 2025

This research proposes a novel adaptive robust fault-tolerant controller for symmetrical robotic manipulators subject to model uncertainties and actuator failures. The key innovation lies in the design of a new sliding manifold that effectively integ...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,169 Views
18 Pages

16 September 2025

In the current digital era, as global industries transform due to technological advancements, tracking trends in emerging services has assumed increased significance. This study proposes an innovative model that integrates circular picture fuzzy sets...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,515 Views
29 Pages

15 September 2025

Special-shaped concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) frames can be embedded in partition walls to improve space utilization, but their frame-level seismic behavior across joint types remains under-documented. This study examines six two-story, single-bay...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,178 Views
44 Pages

15 September 2025

This paper comprehensively reports experimental proof of parity violation in the ground and photoexcited states of three mirror-symmetric Si–Si bond polymers in homogeneous solutions of achiral molecules under non-stirring conditions by analyzi...

(This article belongs to the Section D: Chemistry: Symmetry/Asymmetry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,014 Views
20 Pages

15 September 2025

In this work, we introduce the conformabletriple Laplace–Sumudu transform (CTLST), a novel integral transform designed to solve both linear and nonlinear conformable FPDEs. This new approach builds on the recent development of the triple Laplac...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in the Soliton Theory)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,864 Views
12 Pages

15 September 2025

The Cramér–von Mises (CM) statistic can assess the goodness-of-fit when the null distribution is independent of the underlying distribution, provided it is continuous, resulting in a universality that supports symmetry in its application...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Mathematics and Its Applications in Numerical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,021 Views
16 Pages

15 September 2025

We establish global decay and scattering in the energy space H2(Rd), for d≥5, of radial solutions to the damped nonlinear biharmonic Schrödinger equation with general complex-valued, time-dependent damping coefficients. Assuming radial data e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,484 Views
20 Pages

15 September 2025

Generalized age–period–cohort (GAPC) models are mortality models that incorporate stochasticity, which can be represented in a generalized linear or non-linear context. By fitting the data to either mortality model, one can make forecasts...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,148 Views
16 Pages

Compulsory Black-Box Traceable CP-ABE with Outsourcing of Computation

  • Ying Hu,
  • Huidong Qiao,
  • Jiangchun Ren,
  • Zhiying Wang and ,
  • Junxian Li and
  • Peng Han
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

15 September 2025

As an asymmetric encryption method capable of performing one-to-many encryption, the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is widely recognized as an ideal cryptographic tool for cloud-based applications. It can empower data owners to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Information Security and Network Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
963 Views
26 Pages

15 September 2025

The Planet Optimization Algorithm (POA) is a meta-heuristic inspired by celestial mechanics, drawing on Newtonian gravitational principles to simulate planetary dynamics in optimization search spaces. While the POA demonstrates a strong performance i...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Intelligent Algorithms)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,568 Views
17 Pages

15 September 2025

Polyhedral cages (p-cages) are Euclidean geometric structures corresponding to polyhedra with holes. They are a good example of the geometry of some artificial protein cages. In this paper we identify p-cages made out of two families of equivalent po...

(This article belongs to the Section C: Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,539 Views
18 Pages

Strategic Sample Selection in Deep Learning: A Case Study on Violence Detection Using Confidence-Based Subsets

  • Francisco Primero Primero,
  • Daniel Cervantes Ambriz,
  • Roberto Alejo Eleuterio,
  • Everardo E. Granda Gutiérrez and ,
  • Jorge Sánchez Jaime and
  • Rosa M. Valdovinos Rosas
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

15 September 2025

Automated violence detection in images presents a technical and scientific challenge that demands specialized methods to enhance classification systems. This study introduces an approach for automatically identifying relevant samples to improve the p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry and Its Applications in Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence Methods)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,262 Views
20 Pages

The Determination Risk Level of Manufacturing Process Based on IF-TOPSIS and IF-Fuzzy Logic Rules

  • Ranka Sudžum,
  • Snežana Nestić,
  • Aleksandar Aleksić,
  • Nikola Komatina and ,
  • Dragan Marinković and
  • Slaviša Moljević
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

14 September 2025

In a dynamic and uncertain environment, maintaining a high level of business process (BP) reliability represents a key long-term objective for organizations. The manufacturing process, as the most critical business process in manufacturing enterprise...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computing with Words with Symmetry)

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994