Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1021

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Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 34, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Interests: difference equations; flow invariance; nonlinear regularity theory; ordinary differential equations; partial differential equations; reduction methods; symmetry operators; weak symmetries
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to collecting research works and reviews in all of the fields covered by Mathematics. We aim to receive papers highlighting the latest advances in pure mathematics and applied mathematics, as well as papers providing applications of mathematics in real-life processes; hence, we encourage both scientists in leadership positions and young researchers at the beginning of their careers to contribute. We hope that this Special Issue will provide a suitable platform with which to share new interdisciplinary ideas, to support emerging topics, and to disseminate consolidated theories, hence increasing the level of knowledge and understanding of mathematical research in the scientific community. Particular attention will be given to the refinement of the roles of symmetries and asymmetries.

Dr. Calogero Vetro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dynamical systems
  • mathematical physics
  • geometrical and topological methods
  • applied mathematics
  • discrete mathematics and graph theory
  • mathematical analysis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Harmonic Functions with Montel’s Normalization
by Jacek Dziok
Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050720 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 102
Abstract
In the Geometric Theory of Analytic Functions, classes of functions with several normalizations are considered. We consider the symmetric idea for harmonic functions. Classes of harmonic functions f with normalization f0=fz¯0=0, [...] Read more.
In the Geometric Theory of Analytic Functions, classes of functions with several normalizations are considered. We consider the symmetric idea for harmonic functions. Classes of harmonic functions f with normalization f0=fz¯0=0,fz0=1 are usually considered in the geometric theory of harmonic functions. The normalization is called the classical normalization. We can obtain some interesting results by using Montel’s normalization f0=fz¯0=0,fzρfz¯ρ=1, where ρ[0,1). In the paper, we consider the class of harmonic functions with Montel’s normalization associated with the generalized hypergeometric function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)
17 pages, 13197 KiB  
Article
Dual Graph Laplacian RPCA Method for Face Recognition Based on Anchor Points
by Shu-Ting Zhuang, Qing-Wen Wang and Jiang-Feng Chen
Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050691 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 161
Abstract
High-dimensional data often contain noise and undancy, which can significantly undermine the performance of machine learning. To address this challenge, we propose an advanced robust principal component analysis (RPCA) model that integrates bidirectional graph Laplacian constraints along with the anchor point technique. This [...] Read more.
High-dimensional data often contain noise and undancy, which can significantly undermine the performance of machine learning. To address this challenge, we propose an advanced robust principal component analysis (RPCA) model that integrates bidirectional graph Laplacian constraints along with the anchor point technique. This approach constructs two graphs from both the sample and feature perspectives for a more comprehensive capture of the underlying data structure. Moreover, the anchor point technique serves to substantially reduce computational complexity, making the model more efficient and scalable. Comprehensive evaluations on both GTdatabase and VGG Face2 dataset confirm that anchor-based methods maintain competitive accuracy with standard graph Laplacian approaches (within 0.5–2.0% difference) while achieving significant computational speedups of 5.7–27.1% and 12.9–14.6% respectively. The consistent performance across datasets, from controlled laboratory conditions to challenging real-world scenarios, demonstrates the robustness and scalability of the proposed anchor technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)
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15 pages, 335 KiB  
Article
On the Secant Non-Defectivity of Integral Hypersurfaces of Projective Spaces of at Most Five Dimensions
by Edoardo Ballico
Symmetry 2025, 17(3), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030454 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 159
Abstract
Let XPn, where 3n5, be an irreducible hypersurface of degree d2. Fix an integer t3. If n=5, assume t4 and [...] Read more.
Let XPn, where 3n5, be an irreducible hypersurface of degree d2. Fix an integer t3. If n=5, assume t4 and (t,d)(4,2). Using the Differential Horace Lemma, we prove that OX(t) is not secant defective. For a fixed X, our proof uses induction on the integer t. The key points of our method are that for a fixed X, we only need the case of general linear hyperplane sections of X in lower-dimension projective spaces and that we do not use induction on d, allowing an interested reader to tackle a specific X for n>5. We discuss (as open questions) possible extensions of some weaker forms of the theorem to the case where n>5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)

Review

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81 pages, 2075 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Solving the System of Equations AX = C and XB = D
by Qing-Wen Wang, Zi-Han Gao and Jia-Le Gao
Symmetry 2025, 17(4), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040625 - 21 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 189
Abstract
This survey provides a review of the theoretical research on the classic system of matrix equations AX=C and XB=D, which has wide-ranging applications across fields such as control theory, optimization, image processing, and robotics. The paper [...] Read more.
This survey provides a review of the theoretical research on the classic system of matrix equations AX=C and XB=D, which has wide-ranging applications across fields such as control theory, optimization, image processing, and robotics. The paper discusses various solution methods for the system, focusing on specialized approaches, including generalized inverse methods, matrix decomposition techniques, and solutions in the forms of Hermitian, extreme rank, reflexive, and conjugate solutions. Additionally, specialized solving methods for specific algebraic structures, such as Hilbert spaces, Hilbert C-modules, and quaternions, are presented. The paper explores the existence conditions and explicit expressions for these solutions, along with examples of their application in color images. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2025)
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