Wildfires are complex phenomena, both in time and space, in ecosystems. The ability to understand wildfire dynamics and to predict the behaviour of the propagating fire is essential and at the same time a challenging practice. A common approach to in...
This work provides a detailed overview of existing investigations into the fire–wind interaction phenomena. Specifically, it considers: the fanning effect of wind, wind direction and slope angle, and the impact of wind on fire modelling, and the rele...
This paper presents an investigation on the effect of fire intensity of a wind driven surface fire, similar to a large wildfire, on an idealized structure located downstream from the fire source. A numerical simulation was conducted using an open sou...
Modeling forest fire spread is a very complex problem, and the existing models usually need some input parameters which are hard to get. How to predict the time series of forest fire spread rate based on passed series may be a key problem to break th...
In this study, a time-dependent investigation has been conducted to numerically analyze the impact of wind-driven surface fire on an obstacle located on sloped terrain downstream of the fire source. Inclined field with different upslope terrain angle...
On 8 August 2023, a grass fire that started in the city of Lahaina, Hawai’i, grew into the deadliest wildfire in the United States since 1918. This wildfire offers a unique opportunity to explore the impact of high heat output on an atmospheric...
The combined effects of percent slope and fire intensity of a wind driven line fire on an idealized building has been numerically investigated in this paper. The simulations were done using the large eddy simulation (LES) solver of an open source CFD...
This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. D...
Wildfires are not only a natural part of many ecosystems, but they can also have disastrous consequences for humans, including in Australia. Rugged terrain adds to the difficulty of predicting fire behavior and fire spread, as fires often propagate c...
This numerical study focuses on the fire phenomenology associated with the presence of a composite-type aircraft immersed, at one particular location and orientation, within a large aviation-fuel fire in a moving fluid medium. An extension of the edd...
Forecasting fire growth, plume rise and smoke impacts on air quality remains a challenging task. Wildland fires dynamically interact with the atmosphere, which can impact fire behavior, plume rises, and smoke dispersion. For understory fires, the fir...
The destructive Sir Ivan Dougherty fire burned 55,000 hectares around 250 km northwest of Sydney in New South Wales on 12 February 2017. Record hot temperatures were recorded in the area during the lead-in days and the fire conditions at the time wer...
Fires caused by cables occur frequently in mines, which endanger the safety of workers. To explore the characteristics of a multilayer cable fire in a mine tunnel, multilayer cable fire simulations were carried out using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (...
Landscape heterogeneity shapes species distributions, interactions, and fluctuations. Historically, in dry forest ecosystems, low canopy cover and heterogeneous fuel patterns often moderated disturbances like fire. Over the last century, however, inc...
Despite recent advances in both coupled fire modeling and measurement techniques to sample the fire environment, the fire–atmosphere coupling mechanisms that lead to fast propagating wildfires remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap advers...
The 2025 fire season in Portugal was marked by large fires, underscoring the vulnerability of the forested areas to fire. The study analyzes the main meteorological conditions during a critical period of fire activity and addresses the following ques...
The study explores two forest fires in extreme southern Portugal aiming to increase the knowledge of how atmospheric circulation influenced the fire dynamics in each event. The meteorological conditions were simulated by the Meso-NH full-physics non-...
Wildfire behavior is dictated by the complex interaction of numerous physical phenomena including dynamic ambient and fire-induced winds, heat transfer, aerodynamic drag on the wind by the fuel and combustion. These phenomena create complex feedback...
30 August 2023
A fire accident in an urban environment can result in injuries or death, as well as environmental and property damages. The ‘street canyon’, which is defined as an urban street with tall buildings on both sides, is an important geometric...
This study investigates the behaviour of plumes from massive fires subjected to crosswinds, focusing on how varying wind profiles and terrain characteristics influence the formation of coherent vortical structures, particularly wake vortices, and the...
Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires expose buildings to complex thermal loads arising from radiation, convection, flame contact, and hot-gas impingement, and radiation-only assessment may be insufficient when wind-driven vegetation fires inter...
A model is developed to explore fire–atmosphere interactions due to the convective sink and vorticity sources in a highly simplified and idealized form, in order to examine their effect on spread and the stability of various fire front geometries. Th...
The 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfire in Australia is a good example of the frequent and severe bushfires (wildfires) observed around the world in recent years. Fire-enhanced winds and fire–wind interactions during those bushfire events hav...
The simulation of forest fire spread is a key problem for the management of fire, and Cellular Automata (CA) has been used to simulate the complex mechanism of the fire spread for a long time. The simulation of CA is driven by the rate of fire spread...
Prescribed burning is important for reducing wildfire risk and regulating fuel loads, but its implementation in mountainous forests is strongly influenced by the coupled effects of the wind field and topography, making it difficult to control. This s...
The Aullene fire devastated more than 3000 ha of Mediterranean maquis and pine forest in July 2009. The simulation of combustion processes, as well as atmospheric dynamics represents a challenge for such scenarios because of the various involved scal...
The causes of bushfires are extremely complex, and their scale of burning and probability of occurrence are influenced by the interaction of a variety of factors such as meteorological factors, topography, human activity and vegetation type. An in-de...
This study examined atmospheric mechanisms affecting the East Bay Hills Fire (1991) in Oakland, California, using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset. High-resolution WRF sim...
After ignition, fire behavior is governed by a complex interaction of fuel, weather and topography. In practice, fire behavior is labeled as wind, topography or fuel-driven depending on the dominant driver. These labels are typically assigned through...
Atmospheric turbulent circulations in the vicinity of wildland fire fronts play an important role in the transfer of momentum into and out of combustion zones, which in turn can potentially affect the behavior and spread of wildland fires. The vertic...
Fire disasters in informal settlements (also referred to as slums, shantytowns, favelas, etc.) are a major challenge worldwide, with a single incident being able to displace thousands of people. Numerous factors including dwelling spacing, material t...
Cigarette butts are an important human firebrand and account for a significant amount of man-made fires. To better address forest fires caused by cigarette butts, the influencing factors governing the ignition probability of cigarette butts can be us...
Climate change is already significantly affecting the frequency of wildfires in most regions of the world, and the risk of wildfires is expected to amplify further with global warming. Accordingly, there is growing concern about the mechanisms and im...
16 August 2022
Wildfire spread is of concern whenever the physical dimension of the involved area makes a scale jump due to several conditions, such as the interplay of nature and shape of the combustible terrain involved, the atmospheric conditions and the turbule...
The behavior of a grassland fire propagating downstream of a forest canopy has been simulated numerically using the fully physics-based wildfire model FIRESTAR3D. This configuration reproduces quite accurately the situation encountered when a wildfir...
Annual area burned correlates with temperature and fuel aridity, yet extreme wildfire outcomes arise from a small fraction of fires and rapid-growth days. This asymmetry indicates that thermodynamic favorability sets background susceptibility but doe...
The disease triangle is a basic and highly flexible tool used extensively in forest pathology. By linking host, pathogen, and environmental factors, the model provides etiological insights into disease emergence. Landscape ecology, as a field, focuse...
The interaction between ventilation and fire development in diagonal pipe networks makes the study of temperature characteristics extremely complex. The thermodynamic effect caused by high temperature will change the original ventilation state, cause...
The accurate prediction of wildfire behavior and spread is possible only when fire and atmosphere simulations are coupled. In this work, we present a mechanism that causes a small fire to intensify by altering the atmosphere. These alterations are ca...
The impact of a forest canopy on smoke concentration is assessed by applying a numerical weather prediction model coupled with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to two low-intensity wildland (prescribed) fires in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. A c...
This study aimed to assess fire–atmosphere interactions using the fully coupled Meso-NH–ForeFire system. We focused on the Pedrógão Grande wildfire (28,914 ha), which occurred in June 2017 and was one of the deadliest and mo...
With the increase in commercially available small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), new observations in extreme environments are becoming more obtainable. One such application is the fire environment, wherein measuring both fire and atmospheric proper...
This study investigates the physical interactions and between forest fires and the atmosphere, which often lead to conditions favourable to instability and the formation of pyrocumulus (PyCu). Using the coupled atmosphere–fire spread modelling...
Smoke injection height (SIH) determines the distance and direction of smoke transport, thus impacting the atmospheric environment. In this study, we used Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data coupled with Moderate Re...
Electrical infrastructure is one of the major causes of bushfire in Australia alongside arson and lightning strikes. The two main causes of electrical-infrastructure-initiated fires are asset failure and powerline vegetation interactions. In this pap...
The broad aim of this research is to quantify the effectiveness of fences made of metal mesh around buildings in mitigating risks associated with firebrand showers created in wildland fires. This paper aims to (1) quantify the effectiveness of a mesh...
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are important for sustainable energy infrastructure, but their rapid deployment introduces complex fire dynamics that current regulations fail to address adequately. While existing standards focus on the electrical safety of...
Aerial forest firefighting is a critical technology for wildfire suppression. Recent studies have examined suppression agent drop dynamics, deposition patterns, and optimization strategies. This review synthesizes advances from three perspectives: (i...
Sustainable urban air quality in tropical cities is threatened by interactions between climate change, extreme drought, and long-range wildfire smoke transport. This study investigated the causes of PM2.5 pollution in Manaus, Brazil, under El Ni&ntil...
A case study of an incoming biomass burning aerosol plume at Ascension Island is analyzed for the peak of the 2017 fire season using satellites, reanalysis and in situ observations. Measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facil...
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