435 Results Found

Tat, the trans-activator of transcription, is a multifunctional HIV-1 protein that can induce chronic inflammation and the development of somatic diseases in HIV-infected patients. Natural polymorphisms in Tat can impact the propagation of the inflam...

(1) Background: HIV-1 sub-subtype A1 is common in parts of Africa, Russia, former Soviet Union countries, and Eastern Europe. In Pakistan, sub-subtype A1 is the predominant HIV-1 subtype. Preliminary evidence suggests that distinct strains of HIV-1 s...

We present the single-cell transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals during acute HIV-1 infection caused by viral strains circulating in Russia and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries. Using 10x Genomic...

Previous molecular characterization of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) samples from Cabo Verde pointed out a vast HIV-1 pol diversity, with several subtypes and recombinant forms, being 5.2% classified as AU-pol. Thus, the aim of the present stu...

The increasing use of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) class for the treatment of HIV-infection has pointed to the importance of analyzing the features of HIV-1 subtypes for an improved understanding of viral genetic variability in the...

Russia has one of the largest and fastest growing HIV epidemics. However, epidemiological data are scarce. Sub-subtype A6 is most prevalent in Russia but its identification is challenging. We analysed protease/reverse transcriptase-, integrase-sequen...

More than 50% of all people living with HIV worldwide are women. Globally, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death among women aged 15 to 44. The safe and effective methods of hormonal contraception are an essential component of preventive medical car...

The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Russia is large and not well-controlled. To describe the more recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, transmitted drug resistance, and the relationship between the epidemics in this region, we sequenced the prot...

Recent studies suggest that immune response to pathogens may vary depending on changes in hormone levels. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key components of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in HIV infection. Given the significant ge...

West-Central Africa is an epicenter of the HIV pandemic; endemic to Cameroon are HIV-1 viruses belonging to all (sub)subtypes and numerous Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs). The rural villages of Cameroon harbor many strains of HIV-1, though these...

By 2022, Bulgaria’s National Reference Laboratory had confirmed 4024 HIV cases. We analyzed 132 pol gene sequences to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes A1, A6, and A7 (2001–2022). A1 accounted for 50.0% (66/132) of...

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the main pathogen of reproductive disorders. In recent years, a new type of porcine parvovirus has been discovered and named porcine parvovirus 2 to 7 (PPV2–PPV7), and it is associated with porcine circovirus type 2...

In the recent past, sub-Saharan Africa has not escaped the devastating effects of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds. This systematic review describes the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and virus subtypes detected in dome...

On 17 April 2009, novel swine origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) cases appeared within the United States. Most influenza A diagnostic assays currently utilized in local clinical laboratories do not allow definitive subtype determination. Detailed subty...

Automating the analysis of digital microscopic images to identify the cell sub-types or the presence of illness has assumed a great importance since it aids the laborious manual process of review and diagnosis. In this paper, we have focused on the a...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA_ARs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels essential for inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Subtype-specific expression patterns of GABA_AR subunits underlie their diverse roles...

We aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in 4665 women according to the following types of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy sub-types: (i) normoglycaemia, (ii) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), (iii) diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), (iv) early-diagnosed (i.e...

Current molecular classification approaches for endometrial cancer (EC) often employ multiple testing platforms. Some subtypes still lack univocal prognostic significance, highlighting the need for risk sub-stratification. The tumor immune microenvir...

HIV-1 subtype B is the predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of these infections, including its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach by combining and analyzing 663 HIV-1 polymera...

Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) being the most common histologic sub-type. Considering the molecular classifications of EC, efforts have been made to ide...

The CRF02_AG and sub-subtype A6 are currently the predominant HIV-1 variants in the Republic of Uzbekistan, but little is known about their time-spatial clustering patterns in high-risk populations. We have applied molecular evolution methods and net...

Surveillance of HIV circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) is important because HIV diversity can affect various aspects of HIV infection from prevention to diagnosis and patient management. A comprehensive collection of pol sequences obtained from ind...

Equine hepacivirus (EqHV, Flaviviridae, hepacivirus) is a small, enveloped RNA virus generally causing sub-clinical hepatitis with occasional fatalities. EqHV is reported in equids worldwide, but for Italy data are limited. To address this, a survey...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia is among the fastest growing in the world. HIV epidemic burden is non-uniform in different Russian regions and diverse key populations. An explosive epidemic has been documented among people who inject drugs (PWID) sta...

Vif and Vpr are HIV-1 accessory proteins that create optimal conditions for viral replication. They are considered as potential targets for the development of therapeutic agents. Natural amino acid substitutions in these proteins have previously been...

With the widespread use of integrase inhibitors and the expanding use of long-acting cabotegravir in both pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment, molecular surveillance on the transmission of integrase resistance has regained clinical...

Currently, HIV-1 displays a substantial level of genetic diversity on a global scale, partly attributed to its recombinant variants. This study seeks to identify and analyze HIV-1 recombinants in Russia during the last decade of the epidemic. A compr...

The mesenchymal sub-type of triple negative breast cancer (MES-TNBC) has a highly aggressive behavior and worse prognosis, due to its invasive and stem-like features, that correlate with metastatic dissemination and resistance to therapies. Furthermo...

Over the two last decades, venom toxins have been explored as alternatives to opioids to treat chronic debilitating pain. At present, approximately 20 potential analgesic toxins, mainly from spider venoms, are known to inhibit with high affinity the...

According to the latest data released by UNAIDS, the global number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 2021 was 38.4 million, with 1.5 million new HIV infections. In different countries, a significant proportion of these cases occur in the adult fer...

A non-stoichiometric, amorphous a-Mn(BH₄)_(2x) hydride, accompanied by a NaCl-type salt, was mechanochemically synthesized from the additive-free mixture of (2NaBH₄ + MnCl₂), as well as from the mixtures containing the additives of ultrafine filamenta...

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elabor...

The ferromagnetic properties of Tb₂Co₂Ga, crystallizing into an orthorhombic W₂CoB₂-type structure, were investigated by preparing 11 polycrystalline samples with different starting atomic compositions. We found that Tb₂Co₂Ga possesses a homogeneity...

The A₂B₇-type La-Mg-Ni-M-based (M = Al, Mn) intermetallic compounds were produced by mechanical alloying and annealing. The thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of these materials were studied. The nickel substitution by aluminum and manganes...

The structures, hydrogen storage behaviors and electrochemical properties of Y_0.75La_0.25Ni_3.5−xMn_x (x = 0–0.3) alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Neutron powder diffraction, pressure–composition isotherms and electrochemical...

The isosteric replacement of the benzene with thiophene ring is a chemical modification widely applied in medicinal chemistry. Several drugs containing the thiophene ring are marketed for treating various pathologies (osteoporosis, peripheral artery...

A self-assembled Zn^II-Nd^III heterohexanuclear coordination compound [Zn₄Nd₂(L)₄(bdc)₂]·2NO₃ based on a hexadentate Salamo-like chelating ligand (H₂L = 1,2-bis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminooxy)ethane]) and H₂bdc (H₂bdc = terephthalic acid) has bee...

Understanding the way samarium–cobalt alloys solidify at varying cooling rates and the regularities in alloying element distribution is crucial for optimizing subsequent homogenization and annealing processes, leading to an enhancement in the o...

A new heterohexanuclear Zn^II–Eu^III dimer [{(ZnL)₂Eu}₂(bdc)₂]·2Cl constructed from a N₂O₂-type chelating ligand H₂L (6,6′-Dimethoxy-2,2′-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol), Zn(OAc)₂·2H₂O, EuCl₃·6H₂O and H₂bdc (terephthalic acid) was synth...

In this work, we report first-principles calculations to study FeVO${}_4$ in the CrVO${}_4$-type (phase II) structure under pressure. Total-energy calculations were performed in order to analyze the structural parameters, the electronic, elastic, mechanical, a...

This paper focused on determining the increased tendency of cracking after the die forging process of high nickel and chromium steel. The increase in carbon content in austenitic nickel–chromium steel promoted the tendency of valve forgings to...

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs, or Na_v) are important determinants of action potential generation and propagation. Efforts are underway to develop medicines targeting different channel subtypes for the treatment of related channelopathies. Howe...

Spinel-type InGaMgO₄ with a = 8.56615(3) Å was prepared by treating layered YbFe₂O₄-type InGaMgO₄ at 6 GPa and 1473 K. DFT calculation and Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data revealed the inverse spinel structure with...

Four quaternary Zintl phase thermoelectric (TE) materials belonging to the Ba_1-xEu_xZn₂Sb₂ (x = 0.02(1), 0.04(1), 0.08(1), 0.15(1)) system were successfully synthesized using the molten Pb-flux or the conventional high-temperature reaction methods. Th...

Melatonin is primarily synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland during darkness in a normal diurnal cycle. In addition to its intrinsic antioxidant property, the neurohormone has renowned regulatory roles in the control of circadian rhythm and ex...

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is the promising new method for super deep desulfurization of fuel oil. The oxidative desulfurization performance of the metal-N₄-chelates metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) is related to the chemical properties of conjugat...

Typical stratiform-like cassiterite–sulfide orebodies formed at 160–150 Ma cut by a steep hydrothermal vein-type orebody were discovered in the Xianghualing tin–polymetallic orefield, which implied a new phase of magmatism and miner...

Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic granitoids in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) provide critical insights into the complex and debated relationship between Paleo–Tethyan magmatism and tectonics. This study presents integrated bulk-rock geoc...

The development and study of Na ion batteries are expanding. This study employs the hydrothermal technique to produce single-phase, well-crystallized, fluorine-added O₃-type NaFe_1-xMg_xO₂. Using XRD, FESEM, and HRTEM, the sample’s phase structur...

The alloys that crystallize in a tetragonal ThMn₁₂-type (space group I4/mmm) structure and are based on Fe and rare earth elements are believed to have a potential to plug the performance gap between ferrite and Nd-based magnets. Nevertheless, the pr...