In the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, the instability of electric boom sprayers has prompted many farmers to raise the boom height to improve clearance. However, the drift risks associated with these conditions remain poorly assessed. This study inv...
The operational efficiency and precision of boom sprayers, as critical equipment for protecting field crops, are vital to global food security and agricultural sustainability. In precision agriculture systems, achieving uniform pesticide application...
The strong vibration excited by the tank-liquid sloshing of the field sprayer can result in uneven spraying, vehicle-body cartwheel, and the break of the boom during running process. So, it is crucial to investigate the stability of a field-sprayer b...
For the problem that, under the soybean-maize strip intercropping pattern, the installation of anti-drift shields changes the mass and inertia characteristics of the boom of a shielded sprayer, making it prone to severe vibration under complex field...
The systematic use of plant protection products is now being called into question with the growing awareness of the risks they can represent for the environment and human health. The application of precision agriculture technologies helps to improve...
Contemporary nurseries of fruit trees and ornamental plants constitute a key component in the production of high-quality planting material. At present, conventional technology dominates in nurseries in Poland and throughout the European Union. It is...
Maize, as a critical crop for China’s food security, is constantly challenged by weed infestations and environmental risks associated with herbicide overuse. Improving herbicide utilization efficiency through equipment optimization and intellig...
A methodology for the regulation of boom sprayers working in circular trajectories has been developed. In this type of trajectory, the areas of the plots of land treated by the outer nozzles of the boom are treated at reduced rates, and those treated...
Repeated and missed spraying are common problems during the working of boom sprayers, especially in the breakpoint continuous process. Therefore, the present study investigated a breakpoint continuous spraying system for automatic-guidance boom spray...
In China, rice growers predominantly use boom sprayers. However, boom sprayers have several drawbacks related to poor penetration in the middle and late stages of rice growth. Several studies have shown that the use of the canopy-opening device can i...
The worn-out nozzles of field sprayers cause agricultural treatment to be uneven and therefore ineffective. Spray nozzles are consumable elements of the field sprayer that are subject to inspection and in the event of their excessive wear should be r...
In the dynamic operation of a boom sprayer, the boom oscillation will cause the detection value of the boom height to fluctuate greatly, resulting in failures of the control system. Based on the previously developed static boom height detection model...
In order to improve the spraying efficiency of cotton chemical topping agents, a field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of 250 g·L−1 mepiquat chloride aqueous solutions sprayed by a T30 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a...
The European Standard ISO 16122-2:2015 requires that the coefficient of variation for sprayed liquid fall should not exceed 10%. Field sprayers generate a stream of liquid sprayed at an angle that depends on the design of the nozzles. Among field boo...
As a new low volume application technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application is developing quickly in China. The aim of this study was to compare the droplet deposition, control efficacy and working efficiency of a six-rotor UAV with a self-...
A fast spraying speed, wide working area, and easy operation are the operational advantages of high-clearance boom sprayers. To address the issue of spray boom mechanical vibration affecting the spraying effect, a double-link trapezoidal boom suspens...
Stable and uniform pesticide application is essential for precision crop protection, input-use efficiency, and the reduction of off-target losses in large-scale farming systems. Large boom sprayers are important agricultural machines for high-efficie...
Air-assisted boom sprayer is proven to be one of the best pesticide application methods to achieve uniform deposition of droplets in the canopy and improve the effective utilization of pesticides. However, the air flow velocity, air flow volume and a...
The H2020-project OPTIMA concept of smart sprayer relies on several functionalities, including variable nozzle spacing for bed-grown carrots, based on an air-assisted boom sprayer. A prototype boom was designed and evaluated though canopy deposition,...
To protect crops from diseases and increase yields, chemical agents are applied by boom sprayers. To achieve the optimal effect, the boom and the crop canopy should be kept at an appropriate distance. So, it is crucial to be able to distinguish the c...
Sprayer boom height (Hb) variations affect the deposition and distribution of droplets. An Hb control system is used to adjust Hb to maintain an optimum distance between the boom and the crop canopy, and an Hb detection sensor is a key component of t...
The present study proposes a configuration of a solar PV-battery-powered knapsack sprayer (SPKS) equipped with a rear-mounted multi-nozzle boom to serve as a sustainable, reliable and decentralized spraying system for smallholder farmers. This design...
Medium and small-scale high-clearance sprayers are widely applied in medium and small-scale farms. Owing to power and load limitations, it is difficult to manage the complex system for suppressing spray boom vibration. This study was conducted to des...
Pesticide application equipment (PAE) is the last part of the chain during the plant protection process. The use-phase of plant protection products (PPP) has been addressed in two EU Directives: 128/2009/EC and 127/2009/EC. This last one covers all t...
Electrostatic spraying systems can improve the pesticide application efficiency by enhancing droplet deposition and coverage within crop canopies. This study evaluated the droplet size spectra and charge-to-mass ratio (CMR) of five electrostatically...
The stricter legislation within the European Union for the regulation of herbicides that are prone to leaching causes a greater economic burden on the agricultural industry through taxation. Owing to the increased economic burden, research in reducin...
The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urba...
To obtain a more consistent droplet distribution and reduce spray drift, it is necessary to keep the entire spray boom parallel to the crop canopy or ground and maintain a certain distance from the spray nozzles to the crop canopy or ground. A high-p...
The spraying procedure is one of the most difficult operations in agricultural production. Achieving the desired effectiveness of the procedure is dependent on obtaining an appropriate level and uniformity of liquid distribution. The aim of this pape...
Dynamic behavior modeling and parameter optimization of the spray boom based on multi-body vibration were developed to study the influence of the boom sprayer’s motion in a complex working environment on the dynamic behavior of the spray boom. First,...
Plant protection unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) were developed rapidly in China. The operation performances of different models of UAVs were different. This paper systematically studied droplet deposition distribution; pesticide-mixture utilizatio...
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of boom height above a crop stand and the spacing between nozzles and diffusers in an over-row sprayer on the uniformity of the horizontal spray distribution and the uniformity of the air velocity...
With rapidly advancing technologies such as IoT, AI, robotics, and others, smart agriculture in Japan has been introduced and tested throughout the country. The validity of the implementation of smart agriculture could be measured by using cost analy...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer significant advantages in agricultural pest control. The present study investigated the influence of rotor-induced wind fields from multirotor UAVs (six-rotor T30, eight-rotor T40, eight-rotor T50, and four-rotor...
Ground speed variations are common and unavoidable during pesticide applications with agricultural sprayers. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying ground speeds on spray deposition and quality with a commercial agricultural boo...
In most Asian countries, farmers have smallholdings ranging from one to two hectares. The tractor-mounted boom sprayers cannot practically be used in small size farms with divided plots and complex terrain. To cope with these issues, a prototype self...
Spraying is currently one of the main methods of pesticide application worldwide. It converts the pesticide solution into fine droplets through a sprayer, which then deposit onto target plants. Therefore, in the process of pesticide application, impr...
A study to determine the visual requirements for a remote supervisor of an autonomous sprayer was conducted. Observation of a sprayer operator identified 9 distinct “look zones” that occupied his visual attention, with 39% of his time spe...
Diseases and pests are important factors in vegetable cultivation; they not only affect the growth and appearance of vegetables but also affect the yield and quality. The disease and pest control of vegetables is dominated by chemical sprays, for now...
The cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses requires seedlings produced in nurseries with high levels of practice specialisation. The nurseries are dedicated to the early stages of growth, from sowing to the first leaves. There, the seeding density...
Dicamba and 2,4-D tolerance traits were introduced to soybean and cotton, allowing for over the top applications of these herbicides. Avoiding antagonism of glyphosate and clethodim by dicamba or 2,4-D is necessary to achieve optimum weed control. Th...
Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) crops in the southeastern U.S. suffer significant yield losses from diseases like leaf spot, southern blight, and stem rot. Traditionally, growers use conventional boom sprayers, which often leads to overuse and wastage of...
The shortage of labor is one of the major challenges facing agriculture in Japan. Technological innovations are required to overcome the limitations of the workload per worker. One such innovation is smart agriculture, which utilizes advanced technol...
Site-specific weed control offers a great potential for herbicide savings in agricultural crops without causing yield losses and additional weed management costs in the following years. Therefore, precision weed management is an efficient tool to mee...
One of the major problems facing humanity in the coming decades is the production of food on a large scale. The production of large quantities of food must be conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner for nature and humans. In this sense, the...
Protection of greenhouse crops in southern Italy usually requires 15–20 phytosanitary treatments per year, with volume rates in the range of 1000–2000 L ha−1, depending on the plant growth stage. The most widespread sprayers are han...
During the operation of boom sprayers in the field, it is crucial to ensure that the entire boom is maintained at an optimal height relative to the ground or crop canopy. Active suspension is usually used to adjust the height. A control system for do...
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important industrial crop. It is a perennial crop and has indeterminate growth habit, however, in most parts of the United States, it is grown as an annual crop with the application of growth regulators. Defoliati...
Incorrect pesticide use in plant protection often involve a risk to the health of operators and consumers and can have negative impacts on the environment and the crops. The application of artificial intelligence techniques can help the reduction of...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as emerging plant protection machinery, have the advantages of high operational efficiency, high speed, and low drift. The current study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of droplet distribution and drift, contro...
of 2