Precision Chemical Weed Management Strategies: A Review and a Design of a New CNN-Based Modular Spot Sprayer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patch Spraying
3. Spot Spraying
4. Integration of Precision Systems on Tractors
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
GMOs | Genetic modified organisms |
GoG | Green on Green |
GoB | Green on Brown |
DL | Deep Learning |
CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
RICAP | Random Image Cropping and Patching |
ILSVRC | Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge |
ReLUs | Rectified Linear Units |
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Product/Trade Mark | Company | Technology | Sensors | Access | Herbicide Reduce | Application |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robotti | Agrointelli | Combining Deep Learning and BigData | RTK-GPS, autonomous, Lidar, Camera | Close | 40–60% | Robot |
ARA | Ecorobotix | CNN-based weed detection in sugar beet and spot spraying | Multi-camera vision system | Open | Up to 95% | Tractor-mounted |
Bilberry | Bilberry | AI-based weed detection and spot spraying | RGB camera | Open | More than 80% | Robot |
Weedseeker | Trimble Agriculture | Infrared Sensors | High-resolution blue LED-spectrometer | Open | 60–90% | Tractor-mounted |
Weed-It | Weed-It | Detection of green vegetation | Blue LED-lighting and spectrometer | Open | 95% (only in crop-free areas) | Tractor-mounted |
FD20 | Farmdroid | RTK-GPS recorded position of crop seeds and spot spraying | RTK-GPS | Open | unknown | Robot |
H-Sensor | AgriCon | AI-based weed detection in cereals and maize | Bi-spectral camera | Close | 50% | Tractor-mounted |
Blue River’s see and spray | Blue-River Technologies | CNN-based weed detection in cotton and spot spraying | RGB-cameras | Close | Up to 90% | Tractor-mounted |
EcoPatch | Dimensions Agri Technologies | AI-based weed detection and spot spraying | RGB-camera | Closed | unknown | Tractor-mounted |
Kilter AX-1 | Kilter Systems | RTK-based crop detection and selective spraying in vegetables | robot | Open | unknown | Robot |
Greeneye | GreeneyeTechnology | AI-based weed detection and spot spraying | RGB-camera | Open | unknown | Tractor-mounted |
Avirtech-MIMO | Avirtech | UAV-based weed mapping and patch spraying | 4D Radar imaging | Close | unknown | Drone |
Smart Spraying | BASF, Bosch, Amazone | Camera-based weed coverage measurement and spot spraying | Bi-spectral camera | Close | 70% | Tractor-mounted |
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Allmendinger, A.; Spaeth, M.; Saile, M.; Peteinatos, G.G.; Gerhards, R. Precision Chemical Weed Management Strategies: A Review and a Design of a New CNN-Based Modular Spot Sprayer. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071620
Allmendinger A, Spaeth M, Saile M, Peteinatos GG, Gerhards R. Precision Chemical Weed Management Strategies: A Review and a Design of a New CNN-Based Modular Spot Sprayer. Agronomy. 2022; 12(7):1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071620
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllmendinger, Alicia, Michael Spaeth, Marcus Saile, Gerassimos G. Peteinatos, and Roland Gerhards. 2022. "Precision Chemical Weed Management Strategies: A Review and a Design of a New CNN-Based Modular Spot Sprayer" Agronomy 12, no. 7: 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071620