Accuratesnake species identification is essential for effective snakebite management, particularly in regions like Morocco, where approximately 400 snakebite incidents are reported annually, with a case fatality rate of 7.2%. Identifying venomous sna...
11 October 2024
The aim of this study was to describe the frequency, clinical signs, management, and outcomes of snakebite patients admitted to the envenomation treatment center of the Institut de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée de Guinée (IRBAG). This...
The genus Vipera encompasses most species of medically significant venomous snakes of Europe, with Italy harbouring four of them. Envenomation by European vipers can result in severe consequences, but underreporting and the absence of standardised cl...
The management of snakebite (SB) envenoming in French Guiana (FG) is based on symptomatic measures and antivenom (AV) administration (Antivipmyn Tri®; Instituto Bioclon—Mexico). Our study aimed to assess clinical manifestations, the efficac...
InoserpTM PAN-AFRICA is a polyvalent F(ab’)2 antivenom that has been specifically developed for the management of snakebite envenomation in sub-Saharan Africa. The antivenom provides a very large coverage of medically important species in sub-S...
Snakebite envenoming is an occupational hazard in remote rural areas of South Thailand, where the highest incidence of snakebites is reported. In this work, a hospital-based retrospective study of snakebite patients from 2012 to 2022 at Fort Wachiraw...
Snakebites are a major public health problem in indigenous communities in Brazil, leading to acute local and systemic damage with resulting deficiencies. Long-term musculoskeletal disabilities related to snakebites have been a neglected area of resea...
Introduction: Severe local envenomation following extremity snakebite may mimic acute compartment syndrome and complicate surgical assessment. We aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and treatment-timing characteristics of patients managed wit...
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a life-threatening medical emergency with a high mortality rate. Common secondary complications following SBE, such as wound infections, are significant due to their impact on worsening local tissue damage and causing...
Despite recent reviews of best practice for the treatment of Australian venomous bites and stings, there is controversy about some aspects of care, particularly the use of antivenom. Our aim was to understand current attitudes and practice in the man...
The deliberations and conclusions of a Hinxton Retreat convened in September 2015, entitled “Mechanisms to reverse the public health neglect of snakebite victims” are reported. The participants recommended that the following priority actions be inclu...
Snakebite envenomation is considered a neglected tropical disease, although it also occurs outside the tropics. In this work, we analyzed the literature on Philodryas species in Chile (Philodryas chamissonis, P. simonsii, and P. tachymenoides) from 1...
In Brazil, snakebites are a critical health issue, particularly in the state of Roraima, where Bothrops species account for the majority of cases. Snake venoms contain multifunctional toxins that cause life-threatening systemic complications and comp...
Snakebites from Taiwan habus (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) and green bamboo vipers (Viridovipera stejnegeri) account for two-thirds of all venomous snakebites in Taiwan. While there has been ongoing optimization of antivenin therapy, the proper mana...
Many issues and complications in treating snakebite are a result of poor human social, economic and clinical intervention and management. As such, there is scope for significant improvements for reducing incidence and increasing patient outcomes. Sna...
Exotic snakebites (i.e. from non-native species) are a rare occurrence, but they present a unique challenge to clinicians treating these patients. Poison control centers are often contacted to assist in the management and care of these medical emerge...
Snakebite envenomings continue to represent a major public health concern in Taiwan because of the presence of various venomous snakes whose habitats intersect with human activities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical chara...
Post-snakebite compartment syndrome (PSCS) is an uncommon but dangerous condition. Compartment syndrome-like symptoms after snakebite by Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (P. mucrosquamatus) are not effective in guiding fasciotomy. Objective evaluation of...
Antibiotics are often administered with antivenom following snakebite envenomings in order to avoid secondary bacterial infections. However, to this date, no studies have evaluated whether antibiotics may have undesirable potentiating effects on snak...
Snakebite-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed in patients following bites from vipers such as Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) in India. Currently, the levels of serum creatinine are mainly used as a marker to determine the nece...
Snakebite envenoming is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease and causes mortality, morbidity, and economic impacts for hundreds of thousands of people per year, particularly in tropical, low- and middle-income countries. Most research on snakeb...
Snakebite envenoming and its resulting complications are serious threats to the health of vulnerable people living in rural areas of developing countries. The knowledge of the heterogeneity of symptoms associated with snakebite envenoming and their m...
22 January 2026
One of the major obstacles to improving the management of snakebite envenoming is the lack of accurate identification of species responsible for clinical cases, which prevent the improvement of definitions of species-specific syndromes [...]
Snakebites are more frequent in the Brazilian Amazon than in other parts of Brazil, representing a high cost for the health system since antivenoms are only available through medical prescription from central municipal hospitals in most cases. The ne...
In recent years, the use of computational pipelines for the analysis of omic data has become routine in bioinformatics, particularly with the advent of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. These technologies generate vast amounts of data th...
Although there are over 5 million cases of snakebites each year, up-to-date data on epidemiology and management in European children are lacking in literature. Snakebite envenoming is a rare but potentially life-threatening event, and children are mo...
Background: Antivenom is the definitive treatment for venomous snakebites, but is expensive and not available in many rural and poorly developed regions. Timely transportation to facilities that stock and administer antivenom may not be available in...
Life-threatening medical issues can result from snakebite, and hence this is a public health concern. In many tropical and subtropical nations such as Kenya, where a wide variety of poisonous snakes are prevalent, diagnosis of snakebite in health fac...
The oral cavity of snakes serves as a habitat for various microorganisms, some of which may include potential zoonotic pathogens posing risks to hosts and causing wound infections in snakebite victims. Clinical studies on snakebite cases in Taiwan ha...
Snakebite envenoming is a significant health threat, particularly in tropical regions, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments, including antivenom therapy, have limitations and associated risks. This research aims to disc...
Kovax® antivenom is the main treatment for toxins produced by the Gloydius species. However, research on adverse reactions after Kovax® antivenom administration is scarce. We aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of adverse reac...
Long-term effects of envenoming compromise the quality of life of the survivors of snakebite. We searched MEDLINE (from 1946) and EMBASE (from 1947) until October 2018 for clinical literature on the long-term effects of snake envenoming using differe...
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in sub-Saharan countries. Antivenom is the only etiological treatment. Excellent tolerance is essential in managing SBE successfully. This study aimed to evaluate tolerance of InoserpTM PAN-AFRICA...
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) remains a severely neglected public health issue, particularly affecting tropical and subtropical regions, with Africa experiencing an estimated 435,000 to 580,000 snakebites annually, leading to high morbidity and mortalit...
Envenomations induced by animal bites and stings constitute a significant public health burden. Even though a standardized protocol does not exist, parenterally administered polyclonal antivenoms remain the mainstay in snakebite therapy. There is a p...
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a priority neglected tropical disease, which kills in excess of 100,000 people per year. Additionally, many millions of survivors also suffer through disabilities and long-term health consequences. The only treatment for...
Background: The parenteral administration of antivenoms is the mainstay in snakebite envenoming therapy. The standardized protocol does not exist, but it is agreed that the intravenous (i.v.) route is more effective than the others, especially the in...
Antivenom administration is currently the only therapy for snakebite envenoming. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, inadequate quality control systems have led to deficits in the availability, accessibility, efficacy and safety of regionally available a...
The emergency department (ED) of the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) handles many cases of poisoning. However, there is scant information on the factors, agents, and outcomes of poisoning at the hospital. The aim of thi...
Snake envenomation is a serious public health issue in many tropical and subtropical countries. Accurate diagnosis and immediate antivenom treatment are critical for effective management. However, the venom concentration in the victims’ plasma is usu...
Green pit vipers of the genus Trimeresurus are among the leading causes of snakebite envenomation across tropical and subtropical Asia, yet their clinical phenotype has been less systematically characterized than that of other medically important Asi...
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease with significant global morbidity and mortality. Even when antivenom is available in low-resource areas, health workers do not receive adequate training to manage SBEs. This study aims to dev...
The intravenous administration of polyclonal antibodies known as antivenom is the only effective treatment for snakebite envenomed victims, but because of inter-specific variation in the toxic components of snake venoms, these therapies have variable...
Non-native (exotic) snakes are a problematic source of envenomation worldwide. This manuscript describes the current demographics, outcomes and challenges of non-native snakebites in the United States (U.S.). We performed a retrospective case series...
Australian elapid snakes possess potent procoagulant venoms, capable of inducing severe venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in snakebite victims through rapid activation of the coagulation cascade by converting the FVII and prothrombin zymo...
Snakebite is considered a neglected tropical disease, and it is one of the most intricate ones. The variability found in snake venom is what makes it immensely complex to study. These variations are present both in the big and the small molecules fou...
Even though there are guidelines for the management of snakebite envenoming (SBE), the use of antibiotics in this pathology remains controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a narrative review of the literature and recommendations based on t...
Respiratory and airway-protective muscle weakness caused by the blockade of neuromuscular transmission is a major cause of early mortality from snakebite envenoming (SBE). Once weakness is manifest, antivenom appears to be of limited effectiveness in...
We compared older and younger adults envenomated by the green pit viper (GPV) with regard to the following: follow-up compliance, elapsed time between envenomation and emergency department (ED) visit, and clinical/treatment outcomes. This was a two-s...
Venomous snakes constitute ecologically significant and medically relevant organisms due to the risks associated with their bites, which frequently result in secondary infections. The oral microbiota of these reptiles plays a crucial role in the path...
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