The vulnerability of economies and the associated familiar lifestyles have led to numerous policy measures in Europe. The proposed Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) sets indicative targets for 2030. A sustainable change in the supply situation requir...
Scientific and technical issues related to the extraction and processing of raw materials are inextricably linked with environmental concerns. The extraction, transportation and processing of raw materials and the creation of new products place a hea...
For the European Union in the field of raw material policy, it is primarily important to ensure reliable, seamless, and unrestricted access to raw materials in all EU countries. An important aspect in assessing the European Union’s raw material...
Expanding the base of raw materials for use in the production of wood-based materials, researchers and panel manufacturers around the world are increasingly trying to produce panel prototypes from raw materials available in a given area and climate,...
The research presented in this paper aims at creating a bilingual (sr-en), easily searchable, hypertext, born-digital, corpus-based terminological database of raw material terminology for dictionary production. The approach is based on linking dictio...
Increased demand for wood affects its price and thus contributes to the growing interest in raw materials that can be used as a partial or total substitute for wood in the production of particleboard. One of the raw materials for the production of pa...
The interactions between the indicators of sustainable regional development due to the exploitation of raw material deposits in the Slovak Republic are the starting point for effective raw material management. The primary objective of the study is to...
Poland is a country where the commercial power industry mainly uses coal to produce energy. As a result of energy production processes, by-products of combustion are generated, primarily fly ashes. In Poland, these are mostly obtained from convention...
The particle size of raw materials is crucial for clinker formation, ultimately affecting cement performance. However, the specific effects of the fineness of individual raw materials on clinker burnability remain insufficiently understood. In this s...
The paper presents experimental results regarding the synthesis of Portland clinker starting from raw mixes based on two types of clayey precursors, i.e., clay and marl (the most common types of raw materials used in the cement industry), with and wi...
The present article presents the results of physical and chemical studies of opoka. In particular, the opoka was subjected to chemical analysis, X-ray phase, differential thermal analysis, scanning microscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive elemental mi...
The indicator domestic material consumption (domestic extraction + imports – exports) is widely used to track the scale, composition, and dynamics of material use. As production increasingly occurs at a spatial distance from the demand it ultimately...
Due to mounting concerns about the security of raw material supplies, numerous studies dealing with the quantification of supply risks and material criticality at the national level have been carried out in previous years. Regarding these studies, mo...
The present work examines an innovative manufacturing technique for fired clay bricks, using tuff as a secondary raw material. Samples were made of clay and tuff (0–30 wt.%) fired at 900 to 1100 °C. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and phy...
Supply risk assessments are an integral part of raw material criticality assessments frequently used at the country or company level to identify raw materials of concern. However, the indicators used in supply risk assessments to estimate the likelih...
This review examines the potential use of alternative wood raw materials, including fast-growing plantation species, juvenile wood, non-plantation species, and recycled wood, in the production of particleboard (PB) and oriented strand board (OSB). In...
This paper concerns problems related to the mechanical processing of mineral raw materials. The aspects explored were limited to the analysis of comminution technologies in terms of their effectiveness and energy consumption, modeling and simulation...
Mineral raw materials prices have been shown to be affected by macroeconomic factors such as aggregate demand and commodity-specific factors (e.g., supply shocks). In addition, it has been shown that certain mineral raw material prices co-move, meani...
In the whole process of cement production, the electricity consumption of a raw material mill accounts for about 24% of the total. Based on the statistics of the electricity consumption of the raw material mill system of 1005 production lines in Chin...
By combining blockchain with physical tracking technologies, raw materials can potentially be traced throughout their global supply chains. Physical tracking technologies enable observing how raw materials move within the physical world, whereas bloc...
The challenge of improving the quality of ceramic products is faced worldwide, especially in areas where artisanal production is common and the need for in-depth knowledge about raw materials, together with inefficient production processes, limits th...
A deposit of raw kaolin, located in West Andalusia (Spain), was studied in this work using a representative sample. The methods of characterization were X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis by sieving and sediment...
Among the actions proposed by the European Union for the implementation of Circular Economy is the use of waste as a secondary raw material (SRM). During the fusion of the scrap, a steel dust is generated, named Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD). The...
The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential of circular economy in the context of increasing the supply of raw materials for modern economy with particular focus on the role of science and business. The article presents an approach consistent w...
(1) Wood is a widely available raw material on the market, which satisfies the industrial demand and which is used both as a source of biomass for the wood materials industry in a broad sense and for energy-supplying purposes. These areas prove the f...
Tablet manufacturing involves the processing of raw materials through several unit operations. Thus, the mitigation of input-induced variability should also consider the downstream processability of intermediary products. The objective of the present...
This article presents an approach to the diagnosis of the business area for new entities on the raw material market in Poland. In the face of the need for changes as a result of the assumptions of the Green Deal and the global transformation of produ...
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the rotary hearth furnace system has emerged as a key technology that facilitates a win-win situation for both environmental protection and enterprise economic benefits. This is attributed to...
The rest raw materials of whitefish have great potential for increased utilisation and value creation. Whitefish heads have a high protein content and should be considered a healthy protein source for the growing population’s demands for sustai...
Growing numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as controversial discussions on cost, scarcity and the environmental and social sustainability of primary raw materials that are needed for battery production together emphasize the necessity for bat...
The Dazhuzhuang, Biting, and Likou Sites are located along the Hui River basin in Yongcheng, eastern Henan. These three sites are situated close to each other and all yielded Longshan Culture period (2300–1800 BCE) remains, including large quan...
Bioactive ingredients from natural sources possess well-known positive effects in cosmetic applications. Among them, phenolic acids have emerged with very interesting potential. Caffeic acid (CAF) is one of the most promising active compounds because...
This study explored the potential of natural red clay as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and costs associated with the cement industry. Given that cement production is one of the largest contributors to...
In this work, the fatigue behavior of a low-cost Zr58Cu15.46Ni12.74Al10.34Nb2.76Y0.5 (at%) bulk metallic glass (BMG) fabricated by industrial-grade Zirconium raw material was investigated under three-point bending loading mode. X-ray, fatigue tests u...
The four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon markers (PAH4) of benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are indicators showing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination levels in Chinese med...
A large number of sand shrubs have been planted in western China, especially in Inner Mongolia. Sand shrubs produce a large amount of stump residue, and wood biomass power generation enterprises that use stump residue as raw materials have emerged in...
This paper applies a heuristic approach to optimize the predictor variables in artificial neural networks when forecasting raw material prices for energy production (coking coal, natural gas, crude oil and coal) to achieve a better forecast. Two goal...
This study aims to compare two approaches for the reserve calculation of cement raw material by geological sections and structural maps. The first is legally based, and its accuracy is approved by periodical calculation of the exploited material on s...
In this study, we investigated flotation muds (FM) deriving from the recovery processes of precious metals contained in e-waste (wastes from electronics) and exhausted catalysts. FM consist of an amorphous phase, corresponding to a Ca- and Al-rich si...
This study examines the evolution of agricultural raw material exports in seven emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe (Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary) from 1995 to 2023 and provides forecasts...
The EU’s demand for numerous mineral raw materials is growing intensively, while the security of their supplies (mostly form outside the EU) is often at high risk. This is especially the case for critical raw materials (CRMs). Poland is now and may b...
Recently, biodigesters have attracted much attention as an efficient alternative for energy generation and organic waste treatment. The final performance of a biodigester depends heavily on the quality of its building process and the selection of its...
Globally emerging smart city concepts aim to make resource production and allocation in urban areas more efficient, and thus more sustainable through new sociotechnical innovations such as smart grids, smart meters, or solar panels. While recent crit...
To ensure food safety and protect human health, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in model smoked-pork meat products were examined to select which type of casing and variant of raw material contributes to minimizing th...
This review refers to botanical, ecological and phytochemical characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. (vine grape)–a species, the valuable properties of which are widely exploited in the food industry and in recent times in medicine as well as in...
The mineral raw materials’ resource efficiency is currently recognized in Europe as the way for the future development of the European mining economies. With this aim, a West Balkan Mineral Register was created in the EIT Raw Materials RESEERVE...
Recent findings of archaeological research in the Vathy gulf area, Astypalaia Island, indicate its continuous habitation since prehistoric times, most importantly in the transitional period from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (late 4th/e...
Growing public interest in getting information on the origin of raw materials used to manufacture goods for daily life has triggered the development of concepts to increase the transparency of raw material supply chains. Analytical proofs of origin (...
The European Commission has established a Critical Raw Materials List (CRM) for the European Union (EU), which is subject to regular review and updating. CRMs are needed in many key industries such as automotive, steel, aerospace, renewable energy, e...
A photoelectrochemical tandem cell (PEC) based on a cathodic hydrophobic gas-diffusion backing layer was developed to produce dry hydrogen from solar driven water splitting. The cell consisted of low cost and non-critical raw materials (CRMs). A rela...
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