1,326 Results Found

Highly conformal delivery of radiation therapy (RT) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for primary and metastatic liver cancers, yet concerns persist regarding radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Despite advancements, RILD remains a major...

The development of an effective therapy for radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage is important, because it is currently a major complication of treatment and there are few effective therapies available. Although we have recently demonstrated that...

In this paper, we study the system size expansion of a stochastic model for radiation-induced DNA damage kinetics and repair. In particular, we characterize both the macroscopic deterministic limit and the fluctuation around it. We further show that...

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been recognized as the most serious lesions in irradiated cells. While several biochemical pathways capable of repairing these lesions have been identified, the mechanisms by which cells select a specific pathway...

Background: Clinical data indicate that at least half of patients with malignancies receive radiotherapy. While radiotherapy effectively kills tumor cells, it is also associated with significant ionizing radiation (IR) damage. Moreover, the increasin...

Ionizing radiation has been a critical tool in various fields, such as medicine, agriculture, and energy production, since its discovery in 1895. While its applications—particularly in cancer treatment and diagnostics—offer significant be...

Normal tissue side effects remain a major concern in radiotherapy. The improved precision of radiation dose delivery of recent technological developments in radiotherapy has the potential to reduce the radiation dose to organ regions that contribute...

Patients receiving cranial radiotherapy for primary and metastatic brain tumors may experience radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Thus far, there has been a lack of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for RIBI. Due to its complicated...

Radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) is a common side effect of radiotherapy (RT). The ability to automatically segment, classify, and quantify different types of lung parenchymal change is essential to uncover underlying patterns of RILD and their e...

With growing public concern about the health effects of low-dose radiation, numerous studies have demonstrated that low-dose radiation can cause damage to the immune system, making intervention measures essential. This study investigated the protecti...

Age at exposure is a critical modifier of the risk of radiation-induced cancer. However, the effects of age on radiation-induced carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on tissue stem cells using Lgr5-eGFP-ires-CreERT2 mice...

The impact of ionizing radiation (IR) with induction of various DNA damage is based not only on genetic but also on epigenetic effects. Epigenetic modifications determine the chromatin structure and DNA accessibility, thereby regulating cellular func...

Radiation resistance and radiation-related side effects warrant research into alternative strategies in the application of this modality to cancer treatment. Designed in silico to improve the pharmacokinetics and anti-cancer properties of 2-methoxyes...

With the widespread use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical and industrial settings, irradiation has become increasingly common, posing significant risks to human health. Among the various organs affected, the gut is particularly sensitive to radia...

Patients receiving brain radiotherapy may suffer acute or chronic side effects. Ionizing radiation induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, leading to brain damage....

Cellular effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are of great variety and level, but they are mainly damaging since radiation can perturb all important components of the cell, from the membrane to the nucleus, due to alteration of different biological mol...

Radiation therapy is one of the cardinal approaches in the treatment of malignant tumors of the pelvis. It leads to the development of radiation-induced complications in the normal tissues. Thus, the evaluation of radiation-induced changes in the ext...

The importance of determining at the cellular level the formation of DNA–protein complexes after radiation-induced lesions to DNA is outlined by the evidence that such interactions represent one of the first steps of the cellular response to DN...

Cellular senescence is a response to endogenous and exogenous stresses, including telomere dysfunction, oncogene activation, and persistent DNA damage. In particular, radiation damage induces oxidative base damage and bond breaking in the DNA double-...

Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radi...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the fatal causes of global cancer-related deaths. Although surgery and chemotherapy are standard treatment options, post-treatment outcomes often end in a poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated anti-pancreat...

Radiotherapy is a major modality used to combat a wide range of cancers. Classical radiobiology principles categorize ionizing radiation (IR) as a direct cytocidal therapeutic agent against cancer; however, there is an emerging appreciation for addit...

Studies on the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS)/manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and sphingomyelinase (SMase) are controversial. It has been demonstrated that SMase increases the intracellular ROS level and induces gene expres...

The disruption of hematopoietic and immune functions is a significant consequence of the long-term effects of radiation exposure. This study investigated the potential mechanisms by which ferulic acid (FA) acts as a radioprotective agent in mitigatin...

The lung is a major dose-limiting organ for radiation therapy (RT) for cancer in the thoracic region, and the clarification of radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) is important. However, there have been few reports containing a detailed comparison of...

Chromatin architecture plays major roles in gene regulation as well as in the repair of DNA damaged by endogenous or exogenous factors, such as after radiation. Opening up the chromatin might provide the necessary accessibility for the recruitment an...

Radiotherapy is a non-invasive method that is widely applied to treat and alleviate cancers. However, radiation-induced effects in the immune system are associated with several side effects via an increase in oxidative stress and the inflammatory res...

Although many attempts have been made to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy to treat cancer, radiation resistance is still an obstacle in lung cancer treatment. Oridonin is a natural compound with promising antitumor efficacy that can trigger cance...

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is one of the most common and fatal complications of cranial radiation therapy (CRT); however, no effective intervention is available currently. Metformin has been reported to have anti-RIBI activity as a first-l...

Radiation is pro-inflammatory in nature in view of its ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors with associated inflammatory cells. Cells are efficient in repairing radiation-induced...

Background and Objectives: Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation for cancer treatment. One of the side effects of radiotherapy is peripheral neuropathy. After irradiation, the first stage of neuropathy involves electrophysiological, biochemical and hi...

Updated measurements of charged particle fluxes during the transit from Earth to Mars as well as on site measurements by Curiosity of Martian surface radiation fluxes identified potential health hazards associated with radiation exposure for human sp...

Backgrounds and aim: Protective effects of natural compounds have been suggested in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced mucositis or bacterial infections. In this study, the protective effects of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract...

Radiotherapy is a critical treatment for cancer but poses significant risks to ovarian tissue, particularly in young females, leading to premature ovarian failure (POF). This study examines the therapeutic potential of etoricoxib nanostructured lipid...

The lack of an easy and fast radiation-exposure testing method with a dosimetric ability complicates triage and treatment in response to a nuclear detonation, radioactive material release, or clandestine exposure. The potential of transcriptomics in...

We present an in-depth investigation into the Radiation-Induced Segregation (RIS) phenomenon in Ni-Cr alloys. All the pivotal factors affecting RIS such as surface’s absorption efficiency, grain size, production bias, dose rate, temperature, an...

Using cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion (CLCD) of DNA, we demonstrate that the molecularly organized systems may be used both for qualitative assessment of the degree of radiation-induced DNA damage, as well as for detection of radiation dose...

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in nuclear DNA represents radiation-induced damage that has been identified as particularly deleterious. Calculating this damage using Monte Carlo track structure modeling could be a suitable indicator to better assess and...

The aim of this study was to investigate radioprotective effect of the polysaccharides from soybean meal (SMP) against X-ray radiation-induced damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes. MTT and comet assay were performed to evaluate SMP’s ability to prevent...

Accurately modeling the radiobiological mechanisms responsible for the induction of DNA damage remains a major scientific challenge, particularly for understanding the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on living beings, such as the induction...

Background/Objectives: Kaempferol (KAE) is used to treat gamma radiation-induced damage. However, poor water solubility of KAE restricts its application. Therefore, we developed a KAE-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (KAE@ZIF-8) to improve the...

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its main receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), play a critical role in endothelial cell function regulation during cardiogenesis, angiogenesis, and reendothelialization after injury. The expression of C...

We investigated the protective properties of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), a phlorotannin, against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in HaCaT human keratinocytes. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) syst...

With the help of laser ablation, a technology for obtaining nanosized crystalline selenium particles (SeNPs) has been created. The SeNPs do not exhibit significant toxic properties, in contrast to molecular selenium compounds. The administration of S...

Irreparable double-strand breaks (DSBs) in response to ionizing radiation (IR) trigger prolonged DNA damage response (DDR) and induce premature senescence. Profound chromatin reorganization with formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci...

The current study aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) mixture against brain damage in irradiated rats. AuNPs were synthesized and characterized using different techniques....

A newly developed therapy using effective-mononuclear cells (E-MNCs) is reportedly effective against radiation-damaged salivary glands (SGs) due to anti-inflammatory and revascularization effects. However, the cellular working mechanism of E-MNC ther...

Recent spaceflights involving nonprofessional people have opened the doors to the suborbital space tourism business. However, they have also drawn public attention to the safety and hazards associated with space travel. Unfortunately, space travel in...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection occurs early in life and viral persistence remains through life. An association between HCMV infection and malignant gliomas has been reported, suggesting that HCMV may play a role in glioma pathogenesis and cou...

A large amount of evidence from radiobiology studies carried out in Deep Underground Laboratories support the view that environmental radiation may trigger biological mechanisms that enable both simple and complex organisms to cope with genotoxic str...