The study of flat ring morphisms is an important theme in commutative algebra. The purpose of this article is to develop an abstract theory of flatness in the framework of coherent quantales. The first question we must address is the definition of a...
Let
In this study, we establish several coupled fixed point results in quantale-valued quasi-metric spaces (QVQMSs), which constitutes a generalization of metric and probabilistic metric spaces. The obtained results will be illustrated with concrete exam...
Despite the benefits of inventory transshipment, numerous behavioral experiments have revealed that retailers often deviate from the Nash-equilibrium ordering quantities, which in turn impacts the potential advantages. Motivated by this issue, we dev...
We present a tractable generalization of quantal response equilibrium via non-expected utility preferences. In particular, we introduce concave perturbed utility games in which an individual has strategy-specific utility indices that depend on the ou...
In this paper, we characterize each of
In this article, we demonstrate that a quantal response statistical equilibrium approach to the US housing market with the help of the maximum entropy method of modeling is a powerful way of revealing different characteristics of the housing market b...
In this paper, we open up more possibilities to define higher types of fuzzy sets in a mixed way. In doing so, we show that there are essentially two alternative definitions for fuzzy sets of higher types, one of which is widely adopted in the litera...
Dissipative effects arise in an electronic system when it interacts with a time-dependent environment. Here, the Schrödinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field including dissipative effects is described from a new perspective. Dissipatio...
Social science addresses systems in which the individual actions of participants interacting in complex, non-additive ways through institutional structures determine social outcomes. In many cases, the institutions incorporate enough negative feedbac...
This paper studies the pattern of technical change at the firm level by applying and extending the Quantal Response Statistical Equilibrium model (QRSE). The model assumes that a large number of cost minimizing firms decide whether to adopt a new tec...
In order to study retailers’ ordering behavior deviating from the standard theoretical optimal decision, which is caused by retailers’ information asymmetry, cognitive ability, insufficient computing ability, and other factors, we constru...
We apply three equilibrium selection techniques to study which equilibrium is selected in a hawk–dove game with a multiplicity of equilibria. By using a uniform-price auction as an illustrative example, we find that when the demand in the aucti...
This study examined joint pricing and inventory decisions in a competitive newsvendor environment using a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental methods. We developed a newsvendor model with price competition and inventory decisions. Pa...
The Schrödinger theory of electrons in an external electromagnetic field is described from the new perspective of the individual electron. The perspective is arrived at via the time-dependent “Quantal Newtonian” law (or differential virial theorem)....
We examined whether an increase in synaptic activity resulted in an increase in quantal size at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of third-instar Drosophila larvae. Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) or miniature excitator...
Both auditory and vestibular primary afferent neurons can be activated by sound and vibration. This review relates the differences between them to the different receptor/synaptic mechanisms of the two systems, as shown by indicators of peripheral fun...
In the present study, we preface the notion of the
In recent studies, Bibiloni-Femenias, Miñana, and Valero characterized the functions that aggregate a family of (quasi-)(pseudo)metric modulars defined over a fixed set X into a single one. In this paper, we adopt a related but different appro...
This paper reconsiders evidence from experimental common pool resource games from the perspective of a model of payoff sampling. Despite being parameter-free, the model is able to replicate some striking features of the data, including single-peaked...
Adrenoceptor activators and blockers are widely used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. More recently, adrenergic agents have also been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate a location...
Unethical behavior is discovered that is more contagious than ethical behavior. This article attempts to propose one of the possible underlying mechanisms—people may have underconfidence bias in information updating due to motivated reasoning,...
Envelope theorems provide a differential framework for determining how much a rational decision maker (DM) is willing to pay to alter the parameters of a strategic scenario. We generalize this framework to the case of a boundedly rational DM and arbi...
Demands and concessions in a multi-stage bargaining process are shaped by the probabilities that each side will prevail in an impasse. Standard game-theoretic predictions are quite sharp: demands are pushed to the precipice with nothing left on the t...
Local effective potential theory, both stationary-state and time-dependent, constitutes the mapping from a system of electrons in an external field to one of the noninteracting fermions possessing the same basic variable such as the density, thereby...
Bounded rationality is an important consideration stemming from the fact that agents often have limits on their processing abilities, making the assumption of perfect rationality inapplicable to many real tasks. We propose an information-theoretic ap...
Personnel selection represents a two-sided matching problem in which firms compete for qualified candidates by designing job-offer packages. While traditional models assume fully rational agents, real-world decision-makers often face bounded rational...
Whereas ergodic theories relate to limiting cases of infinite thermal reservoirs and infinitely long times, some ergodicity tendencies may appear also for finite reservoirs and time durations. These tendencies are here explored and found to exist, bu...
Competition between and within groups of workers takes place in labor markets that are segmented along various, often unobservable dimensions. This paper proposes a measure of the intensity of competition in labor markets on the basis of limited data...
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of thrombin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and multiquantal evoked endplate potentials (EPPs) in mouse neuromuscular junctions (...
In security games, the defender often has to predict the attacker’s behavior based on some observed attack data. However, a clever attacker can intentionally change its behavior to mislead the defender’s learning, leading to an ineffectiv...
MicroGraphited-Diamond-Multi Electrode Arrays (μG-D-MEAs) can be successfully used to reveal, in real time, quantal exocytotic events occurring from many individual neurosecretory cells and/or from many neurons within a network. As μG-D-MEAs ar...
For effective transmission of excitation in neuromuscular junctions, the postsynaptic response amplitude must exceed a critical level of depolarization to trigger action potential spreading along the muscle-fiber membrane. At the presynaptic level, t...
We show that the category of quantale-valued tolerance spaces is isomorphic to a category of quantale-valued convergence spaces. We define suitable quantale-valued closure functions and use them to characterize transitivity axioms. Furthermore, trans...
It is well-known that some information measures, including Fisher information and entropy, can be represented in terms of the hazard function. In this paper, we provide the representations of more information measures, including quantal Fisher inform...
In highway on-ramp sections, the conflictual interactions between a subject vehicle (merging vehicle) in the acceleration lane and a following vehicle (lagging vehicle) in the adjacent mainline can lead to traffic congestion, go–stop oscillatio...
Unrelated genetic mutations can lead to convergent manifestations of neurological disorders with similar behavioral phenotypes. Experimental data frequently show a lack of dramatic changes in neuroanatomy, indicating that the key cause of symptoms mi...
Many of the issues we face as a society are made more problematic by the rapidly changing context in which important decisions are made. For example buying a petrol powered car is most advantageous when there are many petrol pumps providing cheap pet...
We study strategic voting in a setting where voters choose from three options and Condorcet cycles may occur. We introduce in the electorate heterogeneity in preference intensity by allowing voters to differ in the extent to which they value the thre...
A present review is devoted to the analysis of literature data and results of own research. Skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction is specialized to trigger the striated muscle fiber contraction in response to motor neuron activity. The safety factor...
The study develops a game-theoretic evaluation framework for cyber deception that quantifies deception benefit relative to an otherwise matched non-deceptive baseline and links strategic outcomes to information disclosure. A defender–attacker i...
Operators of large language model (LLM) agents control reliability mainly through the sampling temperature, yet the temperature that governs an agent’s choices may differ from the one that was set. We define the effective decision temperature,...
The focus of this paper is the semi-quantitative approach to risk analysis in HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), where we show how alternative computations in the risk matrix, combining probability and impact, can be provided based...
The ability of P2X7 receptors to potentiate rhythmically evoked acetylcholine (ACh) release through Ca2+ entry via P2X7 receptors and via L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) was compared by loading Ca2+ chelators into motor nerve terminals...
A review of the data on the modulatory action of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), the main co-transmitter with acetylcholine, and adenosine, the final ATP metabolite in the synaptic cleft, on neuromuscular transmission is presented. The effects...
The vibrational nonlinear dynamics of HOBr in the bending and O–Br stretching coordinates with anharmonicity and Fermi 2:1 coupling are studied with dynamical potentials in this article. The result shows that the H–O stretching vibration mode has...
Endocannabinoid receptors of the CB1 subtype are the most abundant G-protein-coupled receptors in the central nervous system, where they strongly regulate neurotransmitter release. The effects of the activation of these receptors by exogenously appli...
For a quantale
We make use of data from a Facebook application where hundreds of thousands of people played a simultaneous move, zero-sum game—rock-paper-scissors—with varying information to analyze whether play in strategic settings is consistent with...
We investigate the classical limit of the semiclassical evolution with reference to a well-known model that represents the interaction between matter and a given field. This is done by recourse to a special statistical quantifier called the “symbolic...
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