461 Results Found

Pit membranes in between neighboring conduits of xylem play a crucial role in plant water transport. In this review, the morphological characteristics, chemical composition and mechanical properties of bordered pit membranes were summarized and linke...

Sandy sediments preserved as paleo-channel fill on the inner shelf, some of which are overlain by modern muds, have been mined for barrier island restoration along the northern Gulf of Mexico. These mined areas have been termed “mud-capped&rdqu...

Pitting corrosion and stress concentration at rust pits are the principal reasons for severe degradation in fatigue performance of corroded steel structures. The accurate evaluation of rust pits on rough and uneven corrosion surfaces is the foundatio...

Pitting, which results from contact fatigue, is a common failure mode in gear transmission systems and is influenced by the material strength and stress state of the contact area, which is further influenced by lubrication and roughness because of st...

Disentangling the cellular anatomy that gives rise to human visual perception is one of the main challenges of ophthalmology. Of particular interest is the foveal pit, a concave depression located at the center of the retina that captures light from...

The corrosion morphology in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel wire was studied to understand the nature of pitting and the causes of the ferrite phase’s selective corrosion in acidic (pH 3) NaCl solutions at 60 °C. It is shown that the corrosion mech...

Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae) is a rare obligate intestinal parasite of both white and black rhinoceroses, which can induce severe myiasis, cause secondary infection, and lead to enormous economic and scientific loss. Antennae are the...

Natural fiber composites (NFC) are eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers. However, some intrinsic natural fillers’ properties hinder their widespread implementation as reinforcement in polymeric matrices and require further investigat...

Al-Cu-Li alloys are widely used in aerospace due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, the surface of Al-Cu-Li alloy components is prone to localized corrosion, when it serves in humid environments such as the ocean, due to the action of...

The corrosion resistance of bearing materials is crucial for the long-term service and high precision of modern equipment, and has aroused widespread research interest. Inoculation treatment is beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of GC...

This paper investigates the formation and propagation of defects in the heteroepitaxial growth of single-crystal diamond with a thick film achieving 500 µm on Ir (001)/Al₂O₃ substrate. The growth of diamond follows the Volmer–Weber mode,...

Despite the development of molecular techniques, morphological phylogeny still remains integral in underpinning the relationship between some clades of Calyptratae, especially the ones with fast radiation, such as those in Oestridae (Diptera: Brachyc...

The structural properties of lattice-matched InAlAs/InP layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. The formation of the surface pits w...

Micro-textures are crucial for enhancing surface performance in diverse applications, but traditional radial electrochemical micromachining (REMM) suffers from process complexity and workpiece damage. This study presents radial ultrasonic rolling ele...

Understanding the overwintering behavior of boxelder bugs (Boisea trivittata) is critical for preventing initial aggregation and secondary movement inside structures. Like many Hemiptera, boxelder bugs exhibit behaviors driven by allomones, including...

Etch pits could form on an exposed surface of a crystal when the crystal is exposed to an etching environment or chemicals. Due to different dissolution rates along various crystalline directions in a crystal, the dissolution process is anisotropic;...

This research aimed to assess the influence of date pits (DP) on reducing toxic influences of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broilers by examining the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum indices, ileum morphology, apparent nutrient digestibili...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanism behind corrosion destruction in laser-melted layers (LMLs) of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel after electrochemical corrosion in Ringer’s solution. Surface morphology, microstruct...

The surface morphology of parts has an important influence on service performance, such as wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. For example, the fatigue fracture resistance of the surface of the automobile cover mold directl...

Corrosion morphology is a key factor that influences the reliability and service life of a structure. As most structures service under stress corrosion, there is a great need to understand the effect of stress on the formation conditions of different...

On the planet Mercury, pyroclastic deposits formed by explosive volcanism are developed around rimless volcanic pits that are up to dozens of kilometers in diameters. Some pyroclastic deposits on Mercury, however, host no discernable main eruption ce...

Recent studies using geometric morphometrics for taphonomy have yielded interesting results, opening new horizons of research in both archaeological and paleontological sites. Here we present the analysis of tooth pits left by male and female individ...

The influence of surface roughness on the pitting corrosion behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in a chloride-containing environment was investigated using electrochemical noise (EN) techniques and morphology observation. A rougher surface...

Marine engineering materials are prone to serious corrosion damage, which affects the efficiency and reliability of marine equipment. The diversity of corrosion morphology makes it difficult to achieve the quantification and standardization of the mi...

In this paper, strength prediction of spherical electronic cabins with pitting corrosion under external pressure was investigated. The finite element model of a spherical electronic cabin with random pitting was established using self-written code. T...

In this study, based on the principles of bionics, we fabricated a bionic non-smooth concave pit structure on the shoulders of friction stir welding tools and detected the thermal cycling curve, downforce, and torque of the tool in the welding proces...

The effect of parameters such as angle of attack, flow velocity, and electrolyte concentration (saline solution) on the extent of material degradation, as well as the morphology and depth of corrosion pits in an airfoil made of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy...

Reinforced concrete may corrode in anoxic environments such as offshore structures. Under such conditions the reinforcement fails to passivate completely, irrespective of chloride content, and the corrosion taking place locally induces the growth of...

In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will b...

In this study, we aimed to process the biomimetic function surface by designing a prototype for modeling the pits on a dung beetle body and the abdomen of a desert viper, and by using high speed milling and controlling the ratio of row spacing to fee...

Tools with micro-textures have found wide application in cutting difficult machining materials. The cutting performance of tools is closely related to the arrangement, morphology, and size parameters of micro-textures. In this research, micro-pit too...

Superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavities processed using buffered chemical polishing (BCP) sometimes show typical W-shaped pits on their surface, which may greatly limit their performance. However, the causes of such pits and effective soluti...

Pitting corrosion is one of the most common forms of localized corrosion. Corrosion pit results in a stress concentration and fatigue cracks usually initiate and propagate from these corrosion pits. Aging structures may fracture when the fatigue crac...

Corrosion is a common form of durability degradation of steel bridges. Corrosion morphology affects stress distribution under cyclic loads and causes strain concentrations in pits, thus affecting the mechanical properties of steel structures, includi...

Fast-growing hardwoods like poplar often lack natural durability in outdoor use and require homogeneous impregnation with protective agents, though achieving homogeneity remains a known challenge. Various anatomical structures influence fluid transpo...

In this work, we report on wet-chemical defect revealing in InP fin structures relevant for device manufacturing. Both HCl and HBr solutions were explored using bulk InP as a reference. A distinct difference in pit morphology was observed between the...

Wood displays three-dimensional characteristics at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Accurately reconstructing its 3D structure is vital for a deeper understanding of the relationship between its anatomical characteristics and its physical and...

An excess of growth hormone (GH) results in accelerated growth and in childhood, the clinical manifestation is gigantism. When GH excess has its onset after epiphyseal fusion at puberty, the overgrowth of soft tissue and bone results in acromegaly. P...

This paper describes the non-uniform corrosion characteristics and mechanical properties of reinforcement under coupled action of carbonation and static loading. The two parameters, namely area-box (AB) value and arithmetical mean deviation (R_a), are...

The novel strengthen-modified grinding technique (SMGT) treatment was carried out on 30CrMnSiA bearing steels to investigate the effect of jet pressure (0.2–0.6 MPa) and jet angle (30–90°) on its surface micromorphology, microstructur...

Water pipe surface deterioration is the result of continuous electrochemical reactions attacking the surface due to the interaction of the pipe surface with environments through the time function. The study presents corrosion characterization at the...

Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) are peptide hormones that bind to the class 1 cytokine receptor superfamily, a highly conserved cell surface class of receptors. Both hormones control their own secretion via a negative autocrine loop in their...

During the drilling operations of a shale gas well in Central China, a severe failure occurred in the pressure-resistant cylinder of the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool, with numerous microcracks observed on the outer surface of the cylinder. T...

The wind–sand climate prevalent in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia results in significant damage to wind turbine blade coatings due to sand erosion. This not only leads to a decline in power generation but also poses safety ri...

Marine applications often involve metallic materials, including steel, that must endure harsh conditions such as cavitation erosion (CE). This study investigates the CE behavior of 42CrMo4 steel, both in its original state and after pre-corrosion in...

To study the effect of Al₂O₃ inclusions on pitting corrosion in steel, our researchers utilized industrial pure iron as the raw material with the addition of a proper amount of pure aluminum powder to form Al₂O₃ inclusions. Corrosion experiments were...

To date, research on abalone adhesion has primarily analyzed the organism’s adhesion to smooth surfaces, with few studies on adhesion to non-smooth surfaces. The present study examined the surface morphology of the abalone’s abdominal foo...

Long-term production practice proves that good liquor comes out of the old cellar, and the aged pit mud is very important to the quality of Luzhou-flavor liquor. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and infr...

Corrosion is a severe problem for steel structures in humid environments. In particular, humidity usually triggers the surface adhesion of microorganisms, leading to microbiologically induced corrosion. This study aims to explore the effect of bacter...

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) has recently attracted attention as a highly selective cancer treatment, with good treatment outcomes observed from the only antibody-based drug currently available for clinical use. However, since only a si...