Research on Friction Performance of Friction Stir Welding Tools Based on Non-Smooth Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bionic Structural Design
2.3. Experimental Equipment and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Thermal Cycling and Stress Analysis during Welding Process
3.2. Thermal Cycling and Force Analysis of Different Bionic Structures
3.3. Thermal Cycling and Force Analysis of Different Rotational Speed
3.4. Friction and Wear Characteristics of Bionic Structure Welding Tool
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- When comparing the distribution density of non-smooth pits, it was observed that as the spacing between pits decreases and the number of pits increases, the peak downforce, torque, and temperature during the welding process exhibit a decreasing trend. This indicates that the application of non-smooth pit structures on the shoulder of the welding tool can attenuate downforce, reduce friction, and lower torque. When comparing measured values at different speeds, it was found that at 1500 r/min there are similar changes in downforce, torque, and temperature for different non-smooth structure tools compared to those at 1000 r/min. As speed increases, regardless of what tool structure changes occur, there is a decrease in both downforce and torque while an increase in temperature peaks is observed.
- (2)
- The welding experiment results have shown that the wear weight loss of the non-smooth structure tools is significantly reduced, with the lowest weight loss of tool 4# being only 0.1529 g, which is 27% lower than that of tools without this structure.
- (3)
- Observing the surface morphology after welding, it was found that a large amount of sheet-like and granular aluminum adhesive was adhered to the shoulder of the conventional tool. However, as the density of non-smooth pits increased, the amount of aluminum adhesive on the shoulder of the welding tool gradually decreased. There were no large aluminum chips between the pits or the pits and grooves of the 4# tool. Therefore, welding tools with non-smooth concave surfaces have characteristics such as wear resistance, viscosity reduction, and an improved service life.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | P | S | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.32–0.45 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.20–0.50 | 4.75–5.50 | 1.10–1.75 | 0.80–1.20 | ≤0.30 | ≤0.30 | Remainder |
Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.4~0.8 | ≤0.7 | 0.1~0.4 | 0.15 | 0.6~1.2 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.15 | Remainder |
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Li, Y.; Huangfu, Y.; Feng, J.; Tian, L.; Ren, L. Research on Friction Performance of Friction Stir Welding Tools Based on Non-Smooth Structure. Biomimetics 2024, 9, 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070427
Li Y, Huangfu Y, Feng J, Tian L, Ren L. Research on Friction Performance of Friction Stir Welding Tools Based on Non-Smooth Structure. Biomimetics. 2024; 9(7):427. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070427
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yupeng, Yu Huangfu, Jiacheng Feng, Limei Tian, and Luquan Ren. 2024. "Research on Friction Performance of Friction Stir Welding Tools Based on Non-Smooth Structure" Biomimetics 9, no. 7: 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070427
APA StyleLi, Y., Huangfu, Y., Feng, J., Tian, L., & Ren, L. (2024). Research on Friction Performance of Friction Stir Welding Tools Based on Non-Smooth Structure. Biomimetics, 9(7), 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9070427