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1,986 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,246 Views
20 Pages

27 February 2024

Pyrometallurgy is the primary technique for the production of many nonferrous metals such as copper, lead, and zinc. The phase equilibrium information of smelting slags plays an important role in the efficient extraction of metals and energy consumpt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,825 Views
16 Pages

Salt lakes are a rich source of metals used in various fields. Rubidium is found in small amounts in salt lakes, but extraction technology on an industrial scale has not been developed completely. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds formed b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,278 Views
14 Pages

27 February 2024

We developed a macroscopic description of the evolutionary dynamics by following the temporal dynamics of the total Shannon entropy of sequences, denoted by S, and the average Hamming distance between them, denoted by H. We argue that a biological sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,136 Views
15 Pages

Simulation Study on the Influence of Gas Mole Fraction and Aqueous Activity under Phase Equilibrium

  • Weilong Zhao,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Jing Wen,
  • Xin Guo,
  • Yongsheng Zhang and
  • Ruirui Wang

22 January 2019

This work explored the influence of gas mole fraction and activity in aqueous phase while predicting phase equilibrium conditions. In pure gas systems, such as CH4, CO2, N2 and O2, the gas mole fraction in aqueous phase as one of phase equilibrium co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,407 Views
9 Pages

Phase Transition of Peritectic Steel Q345 and Its Effect on the Equilibrium Partition Coefficients of Solutes

  • Huabiao Chen,
  • Mujun Long,
  • Junsheng Cao,
  • Dengfu Chen,
  • Tao Liu and
  • Zhihua Dong

28 July 2017

The solidification path of peritectic steel Q345 was calculated and compared with in-situ observations to investigate the effect of phase transition on the equilibrium partition coefficient. Subsequently, a thermodynamic model for calculating the equ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
210 Views
20 Pages

30 October 2025

CaO-Al2O3-Ce2O3 is a potential new-type basic metallurgical slag system for rare earth steel. To investigate the effects of CaF2 on the melting point and equilibrium phase types of this slag system, the phase equilibrium relationships and extent of t...

  • Review
  • Open Access
781 Views
14 Pages

The Washout of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Portal Venous Phase vs. Equilibrium Phase: Radiological and Clinicopathological Implication

  • Kengo Yoshimitsu,
  • Akihiro Nishie,
  • Yukihisa Takayama,
  • Shinji Tanaka,
  • Keisuke Sato and
  • Kousei Ishigami

30 September 2025

Portal venous or late (equilibrium) phase washout is one of the well-known major imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, these two washouts stand for distinct intratumoral pathophysiological states and should be considered separa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,807 Views
17 Pages

The Influence of Plant Extract on the Phase Equilibrium of Structure I Gas Hydrate in a Simulated Offshore Environment

  • Virtue Urunwo Wachikwu-Elechi,
  • Sunday Sunday Ikiensikimama and
  • Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka

30 December 2022

Gas hydrate inhibitors, especially those used in offshore environments, are chemicals. These chemicals are synthetic in nature and pose both technical and environmental risks. This study emphasizes the influence of a Plant Extract (PE) on the phase b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
477 Views
35 Pages

16 July 2025

In a previous article, an estimation procedure for calculating the liquidus and solidus lines of binary equilibrium phase diagrams was presented. In this article, keeping the thermodynamic basics, the estimation method for the approximate calculation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
3,144 Views
16 Pages

18 November 2021

The thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures play a crucial role in designing physically meaningful models and robust algorithms for simulating multi-component multi-phase flow in subsurface, which is needed for many subsurface applications. In thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,281 Views
14 Pages

23 October 2023

With the increasingly complicated sources of lead smelting materials, it is becoming more difficult to optimize process parameters during the bottom-blowing lead oxidation smelting process. Building a bottom-blowing lead smelting thermodynamic model...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,807 Views
22 Pages

7 March 2024

The applications of rare earth metals and alloys are becoming increasingly widespread and there is a strong market demand. Currently, most of the production enterprises adopt the fluoride–oxide system for electrolytic preparation of rare earth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,398 Views
13 Pages

21 April 2022

The phase equilibria of the reciprocal quaternary system LiBr-Li2SO4-KBr-K2SO4-H2O and its ternary sub-systems LiBr-Li2SO4-H2O and KBr-K2SO4-H2O at 308.15 K were studied using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Then, the solubility data o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,881 Views
13 Pages

Based on the TraPPE force field, previously unknown values of the parameters of the intermolecular interaction potential of trans-decalin were determined. Parametrization was carried out using experimental data on saturated vapor pressure and density...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,155 Views
10 Pages

Equilibrium Phase Relations for a SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx System at 1300 °C and 1400 °C in Air

  • Song Li,
  • Yuchao Qiu,
  • Junjie Shi,
  • Jianzhong Li and
  • Changsheng Liu

27 May 2022

A long-term fundamental study for the construction of the thermodynamic database of a metallurgical slag system has been proposed. In the present work, the equilibrium phase relations for the key ternary SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx system at 1300 °C and 1400...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,432 Views
10 Pages

7 November 2021

Herein, we report a computational model for the morphological evolution of bimetallic nanostructures in a thermal dewetting process, with a phase-field framework and superior optical, physical, and chemical properties compared to those of conventiona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,184 Views
10 Pages

High-Pressure Phase Equilibrium Studies of Multicomponent (Alcohol-Water-Ionic Liquid-CO2) Systems

  • Małgorzata E. Zakrzewska,
  • Ana B. Paninho,
  • M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva and
  • Ana V. M. Nunes

25 February 2020

Selective water (by-product) separation from reaction mixtures stands as an important process intensification strategy for equilibrium-limited reactions. In this work, the possibility of using a high-pressure biphasic reaction media composed of a hyd...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,302 Views
13 Pages

28 June 2022

The Clapeyron slope is the slope of a phase boundary in P–T space and is essential for understanding mantle dynamics and evolution. The phase boundary is delineating instead of balancing a phase transition’s normal and reverse reactions....

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,824 Views
21 Pages

13 April 2021

A solidification microstructure is formed under high cooling rates and temperature gradients in powder-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a non-equilibrium multi-phase field method (MPFM), based on a finite interface dissipation model, coup...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,118 Views
14 Pages

Phase Equilibrium and Austenite Decomposition in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Bainitic Steels

  • Adam Grajcar,
  • Władysław Zalecki,
  • Wojciech Burian and
  • Aleksandra Kozłowska

20 October 2016

The work addresses the phase equilibrium analysis and austenite decomposition of two Nb-microalloyed medium-Mn steels containing 3% and 5% Mn. The pseudobinary Fe-C diagrams of the steels were calculated using Thermo-Calc. Thermodynamic calculations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,428 Views
22 Pages

27 March 2023

Pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) is a new natural gas liquefaction solution proposed in recent years for reducing the construction and operating costs of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG). For natural gas, the liquefaction temperature is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,778 Views
16 Pages

Physicochemical Characterization and Simulation of the Solid–Liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagram of Terpene-Based Eutectic Solvent Systems

  • Maha M. Abdallah,
  • Simon Müller,
  • Andrés González de Castilla,
  • Pavel Gurikov,
  • Ana A. Matias,
  • Maria do Rosário Bronze and
  • Naiara Fernández

23 March 2021

The characterization of terpene-based eutectic solvent systems is performed to describe their solid–liquid phase transitions. Physical properties are measured experimentally and compared to computed correlations for deep eutectic solvents (DES) and t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,702 Views
12 Pages

31 July 2018

This article presents gas hydrate experimental measurements for mixtures containing methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) with the aim to better understand the impact of water (H2O) on the phase equilibrium. Some of these phase equili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,639 Views
14 Pages

1 September 2015

Cryogenic CO2 capture is considered as a promising CO2 capture method due to its energy saving and environmental friendliness. The phase equilibrium analysis of CO2-mixtures at low temperature is crucial for the design and operation of a cryogenic sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,843 Views
41 Pages

13 May 2024

Accurately predicting the phase behavior and physical properties of carbon dioxide (CO2) in pure water/NaCl mixtures is crucial for the design and implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology. However, the prediction t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,160 Views
22 Pages

19 July 2022

Since 1980, one of the most promising solutions for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs was found to be the replacement of methane with carbon dioxide in order to improve the efficiency of methane recovery and, at the same time, perman...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,095 Views
13 Pages

3 March 2016

On some regular and non-regular topologies, we studied the critical properties of models that present up-down symmetry, like the equilibrium Ising model and the nonequilibrium majority vote model. These are investigated on networks, like Apollonian (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,082 Views
16 Pages

21 June 2022

In this study, we analyzed the quaternary Fe-C-Mn-B system to create new eutectic cast alloys for coating deposition and additive manufacturing. Experimental samples were fabricated via the wire arc manufacturing method with argon shielding using Kem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,472 Views
17 Pages

Two-Phase Equilibrium Conditions in Nanopores

  • Michael T. Rauter,
  • Olav Galteland,
  • Máté Erdős,
  • Othonas A. Moultos,
  • Thijs J. H. Vlugt,
  • Sondre K. Schnell,
  • Dick Bedeaux and
  • Signe Kjelstrup

26 March 2020

It is known that thermodynamic properties of a system change upon confinement. To know how, is important for modelling of porous media. We propose to use Hill’s systematic thermodynamic analysis of confined systems to describe two-phase equilib...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,238 Views
26 Pages

13 November 2015

Dynamical symmetries are of considerable importance in elucidating the complex behaviour of strongly interacting systems with many degrees of freedom. Paradigmatic examples are cooperative phenomena as they arise in phase transitions, where conformal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,215 Views
12 Pages

Phase Equilibrium, Morphology, and Physico-Mechanics in Epoxy–Thermoplastic Mixtures with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures

  • Alexey V. Shapagin,
  • Nikita Yu. Budylin,
  • Anatoly E. Chalykh,
  • Vitaliy I. Solodilov,
  • Roman A. Korokhin and
  • Arkadiy A. Poteryaev

24 December 2020

The mutual solubility of epoxy oligomer with polysulfone (PSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) was studied by optical interferometry. Additionally, phase diagrams (PDs) were plotted and their evolution during the curing process was shown. The phase struct...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,011 Views
16 Pages

Extraction constants (Kex & Kex±) for the extraction of silver picrate (AgPic) by benzo-18-crown-6 ether (B18C6) into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) were determined at 298 K and various ionic strength (I)-values of a water phase with or without excess...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,743 Views
16 Pages

Detecting Phase Transitions through Non-Equilibrium Work Fluctuations

  • Matteo Colangeli,
  • Antonio Di Francesco and
  • Lamberto Rondoni

20 January 2024

We show how averages of exponential functions of path-dependent quantities, such as those of Work Fluctuation Theorems, detect phase transitions in deterministic and stochastic systems. State space truncation—the restriction of the observations...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,659 Views
21 Pages

19 April 2023

More and larger blast furnaces have been constructed for ironmaking across the world in recent years due to the advantages of high productivity, high energy efficiency and low cost. Slag plays important role in a blast furnace to produce high-quality...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,645 Views
13 Pages

Prediction of Phase Equilibrium Conditions and Thermodynamic Stability of CO2-CH4 Gas Hydrate

  • Haoran Ma,
  • Jiaqi Liu,
  • Yunyi Zhang,
  • Jingming Li,
  • Jingyu Kan and
  • Nan Li

9 March 2024

With the large-scale promotion and application of CO2 flooding, more and more engineering problems have emerged. Due to the high CO2 mole fraction, the associated gas of CO2 flooding very easily forms solid hydrates, compared to conventional natural...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,634 Views
19 Pages

9 April 2025

We generalize Liouville’s theorem to incorporate entropy gradients in phase space, demonstrating that non-equilibrium systems exhibit compressible phase-space dynamics (dρ/dt≠0). This framework bridges Hamiltonian mechanics and thermodyn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,014 Views
22 Pages

Evaluation of a Simplified Model for Three-Phase Equilibrium Calculations of Mixed Gas Hydrates

  • Panagiotis Kastanidis,
  • George E. Romanos,
  • Athanasios K. Stubos,
  • Georgia Pappa,
  • Epaminondas Voutsas and
  • Ioannis N. Tsimpanogiannis

16 January 2024

In this study, we perform an extensive evaluation of a simple model for hydrate equilibrium calculations of binary, ternary, and limited quaternary gas hydrate systems that are of practical interest for separation of gas mixtures. We adopt the model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,318 Views
15 Pages

The Equilibrium Phase Formation and Thermodynamic Properties of Functional Tellurides in the Ag–Fe–Ge–Te System

  • Mykola Moroz,
  • Fiseha Tesfaye,
  • Pavlo Demchenko,
  • Myroslava Prokhorenko,
  • Nataliya Yarema,
  • Daniel Lindberg,
  • Oleksandr Reshetnyak and
  • Leena Hupa

28 February 2021

Equilibrium phase formations below 600 K in the parts Ag2Te–FeTe2–F1.12Te–Ag2Te and Ag8GeTe6–GeTe–FeTe2–AgFeTe2–Ag8GeTe6 of the Fe–Ag–Ge–Te system were established by the electromotive force (EMF) method. The positions of 3- and 4-phase regions relat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,055 Views
12 Pages

3 December 2019

Following on from two previous JETC (Joint European Thermodynamics Conference) presentations, we present a preliminary report of further advances towards the thermodynamic description of critical behavior and a supercritical gas-liquid coexistence wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
92 Citations
12,882 Views
18 Pages

4 March 2015

Fe-Al intermetallic alloys with aluminum content over 60 at% are in the area of the phase equilibrium diagram that is considerably less investigated in comparison to the high-symmetry Fe3Al and FeAl phases. Ambiguous crystallographic information and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,068 Views
15 Pages

14 January 2021

We consider the out-of-thermal-equilibrium Casimir-Polder interaction between atoms of He*, Na, Cs, and Rb and a cavity wall made of sapphire coated with a vanadium dioxide film which undergoes the dielectric-to-metal phase transition with increasing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,894 Views
23 Pages

7 November 2024

This paper presents equations derived from thermodynamic equations for calculating the liquidus and solidus temperatures, the liquidus slope, and the partition ratio for solidification simulations. The constants of these equations can be easily deter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,931 Views
18 Pages

22 October 2020

The phase state diagram of the poly(vinyl methyl ether)-water system in a wide concentration range was obtained by the optical interferometry method. It was shown that this system was characterized by a complicated phase equilibrium with two lower cr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,974 Views
13 Pages

10 August 2023

The Yanshan intraplate tectonic belt is a tectonic-active area in the central part of the North China Craton that has undergone long-term orogenic evolution. Detailed studies on magmatic activity and metamorphism of this belt are significant for rest...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,511 Views
25 Pages

25 January 2023

Present society challenges, including metal scarcity, recycling, and environmental restrictions, resulted in the increased complexity and variability of metallurgical feed streams. Metallurgical processes involving complex lead and copper-containing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,726 Views
20 Pages

9 April 2021

Understanding of CO2 hydrate–liquid water two-phase equilibrium is very important for CO2 storage in deep sea and in submarine sediments. This study proposed an accurate thermodynamic model to calculate CO2 solubility in pure water and in seawater at...

  • Article
  • Open Access
592 Views
23 Pages

8 May 2025

2-Methyl-2-cyclopentenone (MCP) is the main by-product of the newly developed heterogeneous catalysis process for producing crotonaldehyde, which serves as an important intermediate for drug synthesis. However, how to recover and purify MCP from the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,208 Views
18 Pages

Direct Measurement of the Four-Phase Equilibrium Coexistence Vapor–Aqueous Solution–Ice–Gas Hydrate in Water–Carbon Dioxide System

  • Anton Semenov,
  • Rais Mendgaziev,
  • Andrey Stoporev,
  • Vladimir Istomin,
  • Timur Tulegenov,
  • Murtazali Yarakhmedov,
  • Andrei Novikov and
  • Vladimir Vinokurov

Precise data on the non-variant equilibrium of the four phases (vapor–aqueous solution–ice–gas hydrate) in P–T coordinates are highly desired for developing accurate thermodynamic models and can be used as reference points (si...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,339 Views
13 Pages

18 February 2023

Concentration scaling on linear viscoelastic properties of cellular suspensions has been studied by rheometric characterisation of Phormidium suspensions and human blood in a wide range of volume fraction under small amplitude oscillatory shear exper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,044 Views
13 Pages

The Effect of Salinity on the Strength Behavior of Hydrate-Bearing Sands

  • Shi Shen,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Yang Ge,
  • Jiawei Chu and
  • Huiyong Liang

The first prerequisite for the efficient and safe exploitation of gas hydrate resources is to accurately analyze the primary mechanical performance of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBSs). The mechanical performance of HBSs is complex and affected by man...

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