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334 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,847 Views
21 Pages

Manufacturing Process Development for Bison bison Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations

  • Alexandre Porcello,
  • Kim Girardet,
  • Basste Hadjab,
  • Kelly Lourenço,
  • Corinne Scaletta,
  • Philippe Abdel-Sayed,
  • Nathalie Hirt-Burri,
  • Lee Ann Applegate and
  • Alexis E. Laurent

Lyophilized organ extracts from livestock such as beef or elk are widely commercially proposed as animal-sourced nutraceuticals. Such preparations contain blends of vitamins and nutrients that may be employed for general or specific dietary supplemen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,246 Views
29 Pages

Digital Twin for Lyophilization by Process Modeling in Manufacturing of Biologics

  • Leon S. Klepzig,
  • Alex Juckers,
  • Petra Knerr,
  • Frank Harms and
  • Jochen Strube

21 October 2020

Lyophilization stabilizes formulated biologics for storage, transport and application to patients. In process design and operation it is the link between downstream processing and with final formulation to fill and finish. Recent activities in Qualit...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,399 Views
22 Pages

7 September 2021

Lyophilization is widely used in the preservation of thermolabile products. The main shortcoming is the long processing time. Lyophilization processes are mostly based on a recipe that is not changed, but, with the Quality by Design (QbD) approach an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
7,076 Views
23 Pages

18 January 2024

Digital twins have emerged as a powerful concept for real-time monitoring and analysis, facilitating Quality by Design integration into biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Traditionally, lyophilization processes are developed through trial-and-error, in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,461 Views
17 Pages

Lyophilization process design still relies mainly on empirical studies with high experimental loads. In the regulatory demanded Quality by Design approach, process modeling is a key aspect. It allows process design, optimization and process control t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,342 Views
16 Pages

A Precipitation-Based Process to Generate a Solid Formulation of a Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody: An Alternative to Lyophilization

  • Athanas A. Koynov,
  • Wei Lin,
  • Jameson R. Bothe,
  • Luke Schenck,
  • Bibek Parajuli,
  • Zhao Li,
  • Richard Ruzanski,
  • Natalie Hoffman,
  • Derek Frank and
  • Zachary VanAernum

Lyophilization, or freeze-drying, is the default technique for the manufacture of solid-state formulations of therapeutic proteins. This established method offers several advantages, including improved product stability by minimizing chemical degrada...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
11,596 Views
27 Pages

5 May 2023

Lyophilization is a widely used preservation method for thermosensitive products. It consists of three process steps: freezing, primary and secondary drying. One of the major drawbacks is the long processing time. The main optimization effort was put...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
9,247 Views
10 Pages

Effect of the Extraction Process on the Biological Activity of Lyophilized Apricot Extracts Recovered from Apricot Pomace

  • Dina Cheaib,
  • Nada El Darra,
  • Hiba N. Rajha,
  • Iman El-Ghazzawi,
  • Richard G. Maroun and
  • Nicolas Louka

14 January 2018

The preservation of polyphenols in fruits by lyophilization has gained great interest in the recent decades. The present study aims to assess the impact of the pre-treatment extraction methods heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and infrared (IR) on lyoph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,503 Views
19 Pages

A Four-Step Purification Process for Gag VLPs: From Culture Supernatant to High-Purity Lyophilized Particles

  • Irene González-Domínguez,
  • Elianet Lorenzo,
  • Alice Bernier,
  • Laura Cervera,
  • Francesc Gòdia and
  • Amine Kamen

9 October 2021

Gag-based virus-like particles (VLPs) have high potential as scaffolds for the development of chimeric vaccines and delivery strategies. The production of purified preparations that can be preserved independently from cold chains is highly desirable...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
11,092 Views
18 Pages

Gelatin is a principal excipient used as a binder in the formulation of lyophilized orally disintegrating tablets. The current study focuses on exploiting the physicochemical properties of gelatin by varying formulation parameters to determine their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
10,422 Views
16 Pages

Comprehensive Optimization of a Freeze-Drying Process Achieving Enhanced Long-Term Stability and In Vivo Performance of Lyophilized mRNA-LNPs

  • Teresa Alejo,
  • Alfonso Toro-Córdova,
  • Laura Fernández,
  • Andrea Rivero,
  • Andrei Mihai Stoian,
  • Luna Pérez,
  • Victor Navarro,
  • Juan Martínez-Oliván and
  • Diego de Miguel

1 October 2024

The success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has prompted interest in mRNA-based pharmaceuticals due to their rapid production, adaptability, and safety. Despite these advantages, the inherent instability of mRNA and its rapid degradation in vivo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,222 Views
23 Pages

Emerging PAT for Freeze-Drying Processes for Advanced Process Control

  • Alex Juckers,
  • Petra Knerr,
  • Frank Harms and
  • Jochen Strube

12 October 2022

Lyophilization is a widely used drying operation, but long processing times are a major drawback. Most lyophilization processes are conducted by a recipe that is not changed or optimized after implementation. With the regulatory demanded quality by d...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,899 Views
21 Pages

10 November 2025

Lyophilization (freeze-drying) has become a cornerstone pharmaceutical technology for stabilizing biopharmaceuticals, overcoming the inherent instability of biologics, vaccines, and complex drug formulations in aqueous environments. The appropriate l...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,002 Views
26 Pages

23 February 2026

Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a state-of-the-art method for preserving food, offering excellent retention properties for nutrients, structure, and taste compared to other drying processes. Freeze-drying yields a product visually sim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,430 Views
10 Pages

Effect of Lyophilization Process on Nutritional Value of Meat By-Products

  • Ignė Juknienė,
  • Gintarė Zaborskienė,
  • Agnė Jankauskienė,
  • Aistė Kabašinskienė,
  • Gintarė Zakarienė and
  • Saulius Bliznikas

17 December 2022

The meat industry generates large amounts of by-products, and their mass represents approximately one-third of the live weight of animals. Most by-products are disposed of and not used for processing, although they meet hygiene requirements and are s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,398 Views
13 Pages

Development of a Lyophilization Process for Campylobacter Bacteriophage Storage and Transport

  • Lu Liang,
  • Nicholas B. Carrigy,
  • Samuel Kariuki,
  • Peter Muturi,
  • Robert Onsare,
  • Tobi Nagel,
  • Reinhard Vehring,
  • Phillippa L. Connerton and
  • Ian F. Connerton

Bacteriophages are a sustainable alternative to control pathogenic bacteria in the post-antibiotic era. Despite promising reports, there are still obstacles to phage use, notably titer stability and transport-associated expenses for applications in f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,230 Views
18 Pages

Industrial Scale Manufacturing and Downstream Processing of PLGA-Based Nanomedicines Suitable for Fully Continuous Operation

  • Maria Camilla Operti,
  • Alexander Bernhardt,
  • Vladimir Sincari,
  • Eliezer Jager,
  • Silko Grimm,
  • Andrea Engel,
  • Martin Hruby,
  • Carl Gustav Figdor and
  • Oya Tagit

Despite the efficacy and potential therapeutic benefits that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanomedicine formulations can offer, challenges related to large-scale processing hamper their clinical and commercial development. Major hurdles for th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
81 Citations
13,475 Views
26 Pages

Polymeric nanocapsules have gained more and more interest in the medical sciences. Their core-shell structure offers numerous advantages, especially regarding their use as drug delivery systems. This review begins by presenting the different intrinsi...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,445 Views
11 Pages

Controlling Ice Nucleation during Lyophilization: Process Optimization of Vacuum-Induced Surface Freezing

  • Andrea Allmendinger,
  • Yuen Li Butt,
  • Raphael Mietzner,
  • Felix Schmidt,
  • Joerg Luemkemann and
  • Carmen Lema Martinez

8 October 2020

Biopharmaceuticals are often lyophilized to improve their storage stability. Controlling ice nucleation during the freezing step of the lyophilization process is desired to increase homogeneity of product properties across a drug product batch and sh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,582 Views
13 Pages

The Role of Lyophilized Xenodermotransplants in Repairing the Atria’s Structure and the Peculiarities of Regenerative Processes after Thermal Trauma in an Experiment

  • Adam Osowski,
  • Iryna Hetmaniuk,
  • Olena Fedchyshyn,
  • Mykhailo Sas,
  • Yuliia Lomakina,
  • Nataliia Tkachuk,
  • Olena Budarna,
  • Volodymyr Fik,
  • Larisa Fedoniuk and
  • Joanna Wojtkiewicz

29 June 2023

The effects of severe burn injuries on the cardiovascular system, specifically the atria and auricles of the heart, were investigated. The potential benefits of using lyophilized xenodermotransplants as a treatment option were also evaluated. The exp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,604 Views
15 Pages

Every day, thousands of patients receive erythrocyte concentrates (ECs). They are indispensable for modern medicine, despite their limited resource. Artificial oxygen carriers (AOCs) represent a promising approach to reduce the need for ECs. One form...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,826 Views
29 Pages

Freeze-Drying as a Stabilization Strategy for Natural Dyes Derived from Lawsonia inermis L. and Indigofera suffruticosa

  • Valvanuz Cahuantzi,
  • Rosalba Patiño Herrera,
  • Norma Verónica Zavala Alonso,
  • Daniela Salado Leza,
  • María Selene Berber Mendoza and
  • Elías Pérez

This study focuses on the stabilization of a natural hair dye derived from Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) and Indigofera suffruticosa (indigo). Although various formulations already exist, they are designed for immediate use and cannot be stored. Lawson...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,008 Views
28 Pages

4 September 2025

Ice nucleation temperatures and associated ice growth rates are critical parameters in defining the initial ice morphology template, which governs dry layer resistance during sublimation and therefore impacts primary drying kinetics and overall proce...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,074 Views
20 Pages

9 September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of different freeze-drying conditions on the process’s kinetics and the sorption properties of dried apples. Slices of apples were frozen and subjected to a freezing-drying process w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,346 Views
15 Pages

Experimental Study of the Impact of Pore Structure on Drying Kinetics and Sublimation Front Patterns

  • Maximilian Thomik,
  • Sebastian Gruber,
  • Anders Kaestner,
  • Petra Foerst,
  • Evangelos Tsotsas and
  • Nicole Vorhauer-Huget

Freeze-drying frozen maltodextrin solutions with solid contents of 5% and 30% (w/w) was experimentally investigated using neutron imaging at PSI Villigen/Switzerland. Different solid contents, as well as annealing at −5 °C for 11 h, were us...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,021 Views
16 Pages

Manufacture of a Stable Lyophilized Formulation of the Live Attenuated Pertussis Vaccine BPZE1

  • Marcel Thalen,
  • Anne-Sophie Debrie,
  • Loic Coutte,
  • Dominique Raze,
  • Ken Solovay,
  • Keith Rubin,
  • Nathalie Mielcarek and
  • Camille Locht

13 September 2020

Current pertussis vaccines protect against disease, but not against colonization by and transmission of Bordetella pertussis, whereas natural infection protects against both. The live attenuated vaccine BPZE1 was developed to mimic immunogenicity of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,994 Views
13 Pages

11 September 2023

Vacuum freeze-drying as a process for achieving high product quality has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. Particularly in the pharmaceutical field and food processing industries, lyophilization can produce high-quality products comp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
7,595 Views
19 Pages

Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Seawater: Prospects of Using Lyophilized Native Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

  • Rafaela Perdigão,
  • C. Marisa R. Almeida,
  • Catarina Magalhães,
  • Sandra Ramos,
  • Ana L. Carolas,
  • Bruno S. Ferreira,
  • Maria F. Carvalho and
  • Ana P. Mucha

This work aimed to develop a bioremediation product of lyophilized native bacteria to respond to marine oil spills. Three oil-degrading bacterial strains (two strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis and one Pseudomonas sp.), isolated from the NW Portugue...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,048 Views
16 Pages

A Traffic Light System to Maximize Carbohydrate Cryoprotectants’ Effectivity in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers’ Lyophilization

  • Helena Rouco,
  • Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez,
  • Alba Guillin,
  • Carmen Remuñán-López and
  • Mariana Landin

Lyophilization is often employed to transform nanoparticle suspensions to stable solid forms. This work proposed Neurofuzzy Logic (NFL) to better understand the lyophilization process of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers’ (NLCs) dispersions and the carbo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,940 Views
15 Pages

Lyoprotectant Formulation and Optimization of the J-Aggregates Astaxanthin/BSA/Chitosan Nanosuspension

  • Yingyuan Zhao,
  • Zhaoxuan Wang,
  • Shuxian Liu,
  • Shiying Xie,
  • Yinchun Xie,
  • Ruifang Li and
  • Hiroaki Oda

8 March 2023

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with excellent antioxidant activity. However, this small lipid-soluble molecule is insoluble in water and has low stability. Although this situation can be improved when astaxanthin is prepared as a nanosuspension, the aqu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,178 Views
21 Pages

Untargeted Plant Metabolomics: Evaluation of Lyophilization as a Sample Preparation Technique

  • Christina Maisl,
  • Maria Doppler,
  • Bernhard Seidl,
  • Christoph Bueschl and
  • Rainer Schuhmacher

Lyophilization is a common method used for stabilizing biological samples prior to storage or to concentrate extracts. However, it is possible that this process may alter the metabolic composition or lead to the loss of metabolites. In this study, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,017 Views
13 Pages

In Vitro Assessment of Lyophilized Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin from Dogs in Promotion of Growth Factor Release and Wound Healing

  • Ravisa Warin,
  • Preeyanat Vongchan,
  • Witaya Suriyasathaporn,
  • Ratchadaporn Boripun and
  • Wanna Suriyasathaporn

15 October 2022

Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) induces more proliferation and migration of fibroblasts compared with standard PRF, but it being freshly prepared prior to it being applied is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of lyo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,781 Views
28 Pages

Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide

  • Sawittree Sahakijpijarn,
  • Chaeho Moon,
  • John J. Koleng and
  • Robert O. Williams

Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,529 Views
15 Pages

29 January 2022

Trehalose is known for its effect of improving the stability of freeze-dried foods. In this work, vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) technology was employed to prepare northeast black bee royal jelly into lyophilized powder and a novel method mixing trehalos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
860 Views
14 Pages

Lyophilization of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes for Storage and Global Distribution

  • Erin B. McGlinch,
  • Haley E. Mudrick,
  • Christopher H. Evans and
  • Michael A. Barry

Background: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used vectors for in vivo gene therapy, but their standard storage at −80 °C limits deployment in regions lacking ultracold infrastructure. Strategies enabling stable AAV storage at high...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,096 Views
20 Pages

Unraveling Lyophilization and Redispersion Effects on Miktoarm Polymer-Based Nanoformulations

  • Samaneh Yousefi Adlsadabad,
  • Gabriel Théberge-Julien,
  • Fatima Fernanda Portillo Gutierrez,
  • Ricardo Beltran Medina,
  • Ximena Matias Mercado,
  • Éric Rhéaume,
  • Jean-Claude Tardif and
  • Ashok Kakkar

15 October 2025

To enhance the scope of therapeutic interventions using star polymeric nanoparticles of desired concentrations, an understanding of the effect of converting aqueous formulations into stable redispersible dry powders by freeze drying on their physicoc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,383 Views
11 Pages

Allogenic tendons grafts sourced from intrasynovial tendons are often used for tendon reconstruction. Processing is achieved through repetitive freeze–thaw cycles followed by lyophilization. Soaking the lyophilized tendon in saline (0.9%) for 2...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2 Citations
599 Views
5 Pages

Radical Scavenging Activity of Silymarin Encapsulated in Liposomal Vesicles: Impact of UV Irradiation and Lyophilization

  • Amjed Karkad,
  • Milena Milošević,
  • Andrea Pirković,
  • Aleksandar Marinković and
  • Aleksandra Jovanović

The radical scavenging activity of silymarin-loaded liposomes after different technological processes (UV irradiation and lyophilization) was investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. Using the DPPH method, the antioxidant capacity of pure silymarin w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
10,008 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Superfine Grinding on Antidiabetic Activity of Bitter Melon Powder

  • Ying Zhu,
  • Ying Dong,
  • Xiwen Qian,
  • Fengjie Cui,
  • Qin Guo,
  • Xinghua Zhou,
  • Yun Wang,
  • Yi Zhang and
  • Zhiyu Xiong

2 November 2012

The antidiabetic activities of bitter melon powders produced with lyophilization/superfine grinding and hot air drying/normal grinding were investigated in vivo for selecting a suitable bitter melon processing procedure. After a five-week treatment,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,496 Views
11 Pages

28 February 2021

Recently, increasing numbers of researchers are becoming interested in 3D bioprinting because it provides customizability and structural complexity, which is difficult for traditional subtractive manufacturing to achieve. One of the most critical fac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,105 Views
10 Pages

Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

  • Neda Javadi,
  • Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei,
  • Nasser Hamdan and
  • Edward Kavazanjian

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,706 Views
12 Pages

Nanoencapsulation as a General Solution for Lyophilization of Labile Substrates

  • Girish Vallerinteavide Mavelli,
  • Samira Sadeghi,
  • Siddhesh Sujit Vaidya,
  • Shik Nie Kong and
  • Chester Lee Drum

Protein macromolecules occur naturally at the nanoscale. The use of a dedicated nanoparticle as a lyophilization excipient, however, has not been reported. Because biopolymeric and lipid nanoparticles often denature protein macromolecules and commonl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,625 Views
15 Pages

3 December 2019

In order to match the solid food oxidation during logistics and storage process under severe high temperature, a double-switch temperature-sensitive controlled release antioxidant film embedded with lyophilized nanoliposomes encapsulating rosemary es...

  • Review
  • Open Access
386 Citations
45,407 Views
27 Pages

18 October 2020

Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a process in which water in the form of ice under low pressure is removed from a material by sublimation. This process has found many applications for the production of high quality food and pharmaceuti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,749 Views
15 Pages

Functional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Morus alba L. Leaves var. Zolwinska Wielkolistna (WML-P)—The Effect of Controlled Conditioning Process

  • Monika Przeor,
  • Ewa Flaczyk,
  • Dominik Kmiecik,
  • Maciej S. Buchowski,
  • Halina Staniek,
  • Aneta Tomczak-Graczyk,
  • Joanna Kobus-Cisowska,
  • Anna Gramza-Michałowska and
  • Joanna Foksowicz-Flaczyk

This study evaluated the effect of adding a new step, termed conditioning, to the traditional processing of leaves from Morus alba var. zolwinska wielkolistna grown in Poland (WML-P). This step, modeled on tea leaves processing, was conducted in a co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
8,298 Views
15 Pages

Effect of the Freeze-Drying Process on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Mexican Kefir Grains

  • Alicia Águeda Conde-Islas,
  • Maribel Jiménez-Fernández,
  • Denis Cantú-Lozano,
  • Galo Rafael Urrea-García and
  • Guadalupe Luna-Solano

1 March 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the properties of Mexican kefir grains (MKG) are affected by the operating parameters used in the freeze-drying process. The factors investigated were the freezing time (3–9 h), freezing temperat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
608 Views
13 Pages

Plasma-Depleted Lyophilized Porcine Platelet Lysate as an Alternative to Fetal Bovine Serum in Cell Culture

  • Kuo-Chung Cheng,
  • Hung-Maan Lee,
  • Yi-Ting Shu,
  • Yi-Chieh Chu,
  • Jui-Ting Hsiao,
  • Ming-Fa Hsieh and
  • Yi-Ho Hsieh

14 December 2025

Purpose: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used in cell culture due to its rich nutrient and growth factor content, but it poses ethical concerns, biosafety risks, and cost limitations. This study investigates plasma-depleted lyophilized (freeze-dri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,758 Views
15 Pages

Viability, Stability and Biocontrol Activity in Planta of Specific Ralstonia solanacearum Bacteriophages after Their Conservation Prior to Commercialization and Use

  • Belén Álvarez,
  • Laura Gadea-Pallás,
  • Alejandro Rodríguez,
  • Begonya Vicedo,
  • Àngela Figàs-Segura and
  • Elena G. Biosca

19 January 2022

Ralstonia solanacearum is a pathogen that causes bacterial wilt producing severe damage in staple solanaceous crops. Traditional control has low efficacy and/or environmental impact. Recently, the bases of a new biotechnological method by lytic bacte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,835 Views
11 Pages

4 September 2023

Lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) are unique nanocarriers that efficiently deliver antimicrobials through biological barriers. Yet, their wide application as an antimicrobial delivery system is hindered by their poor stability in aqueous...

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