Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lateral branch elongation is influenced by a variety of environmental signals, including light [e.g., far-red (FR) light] and hormones. In this experiment, the effect of FR light on the lateral branch elongation of cucum...
Background The growth habit (GH), also named the branching habit, is an important agronomic trait of peanut and mainly determined by the lateral branch angle (LBA). The branching habit is closely related to peanut mechanized farming, pegging, yield,...
The early flowering and less lateral branches in watermelon hold significant agricultural value. The synergistic effects of these traits provide an ideal template for watermelon plant architecture improvement. However, the molecular regulatory networ...
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), as one of the four major cut flowers in the world, occupies a large position in the world’s fresh cut flower market. The RAX2 gene is an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that is associated with the develop...
Agricultural robots operating in greenhouse environments face substantial challenges in detecting tomato stems, including fluctuating lighting, cluttered backgrounds, and the stems’ inherently slender morphology. This study introduces Efficient...
Lateral branch angle (LBA), or branch habit, is one of the most important agronomic traits in peanut. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBA have not been elucidated in peanut. To acquire the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related...
Background: Breast reconstruction post-mastectomy has increasingly emphasized the importance of sensory restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of anterior versus lateral cutaneous intercostal nerve branches in neurotizatio...
Plant architecture is a major motif of plant diversity, and shoot branching patterns primarily determine the aerial architecture of plants. In this study, we identified an inbred pepper line with fewer lateral branches, 20C1734, which was free of lat...
F-box proteins are a large gene family in plants, and play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. To date, a comprehensive investigation of F-box family genes in peanuts, and their expression pattern in lateral branch develo...
Grasses have a segmental morphology. Compared to leaf development, data on root development at the phytomer level are scarce. Leaf appearance interval was recorded over time to allow inference about the age of segmental sites that later form roots. H...
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is an emerging high-grade cut flower worldwide, which is usually used in wedding bouquets and known as the “wedding flower”. However, abundant lateral branches appear frequently in some excellent cultivars,...
Pinus yunnanensis is an important component of China’s economic development and forest ecosystems. The growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings experienced a slow growth phase, which led to a long seedling cultivation period. However, asexual reprodu...
Much research in forest ecology has been devoted to examining the effect of gap formation on regeneration dynamics. However, comparatively little research has examined the process of gap closure, in which larger trees bordering the gap grow laterally...
This study was carried out to balance the production and consumption of assimilates according to crop conditions as a basis to reduce the waste of assimilation through leaf and fruit control. There were four treatments: one fruit and two leaves (F1L2...
Tomatoes are a rich source of nutrients that are essential for human health. However, in greenhouse environments, the complex growth patterns of tomatoes and stems often result in mutual obstruction and overlapping, posing significant challenges for...
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth and productivity, and human and animal diets rely on Fe from plant sources. Despite the large number of studies on plants’ Fe deficiency responses, considerably less is known about the morphological...
The architecture of the root system is fundamental to plant productivity. The rate of root growth, the density of lateral roots, and the spatial structure of lateral and adventitious roots determine the developmental plasticity of the root system in...
Focusing on the dynamic improvement of the underlying service network configuration, this paper aims to address a specific challenge of redesigning a multi-echelon city logistics distribution network. By considering the intra-echelon connection of fa...
To address the dangerous driving behaviors prevalent among current car drivers, it is necessary to provide real-time, accurate warning and correction of driver’s driving behaviors in a small, movable, and enclosed space. In this paper, we propo...
The branching angle of tea plants is a key factor in determining their branching structure, which significantly affects yield, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and overall plant architecture. However, the mechanisms underlying branching angle f...
Background and Objectives: Despite its advantages, lateral close-wedge high tibial osteotomy (LCWHTO) requires proximal tibiofibular joint detachment (PTFJD) or fibular shaft osteotomy for gap closing. These fibula untethering procedures are technica...
Background/Objectives: Stroke is a serious neurological disorder that significantly affects patients’ quality of life and overall health. The severity of a stroke can vary widely and is influenced by multiple factors, such as clinical presentat...
Background: Anatomical variations and, in particular, arterial variations constitute an important chapter in the learning of Clinical Anatomy. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe a rare bilateral anatomical variation in the internal th...
The architecture of spray cut chrysanthemum is crucial for the quality and quantity of cut flower production. However, the mechanism underlying plant architecture still needs to be clarified. In this study, we measured nine architecture-related trait...
Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a musculoskeletal pain condition capable of impairing physical or sport activities. Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of percutaneous electrolysis (PE) in reducing pain and related disability in patients...
Bud-notching in pear varieties with weak-branches enhances branch development, hormone distribution, and germination, promoting healthier growth and improving early yield. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous hormones on lateral bud ger...
Increased auxin levels in root primordia are important in controlling root branching, while their interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) likely regulates lateral root development in water-deficient plants. The role of ABA accumulation in regulating roo...
We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of heme containing peroxygenases that are known as very versatile biocatalysts. These oxidoreductases capable of mainly oxyfunctionalizations constitute the peroxidase–peroxygenase superfamily. Our repre...
Background: As an unwanted side effect, lateral thermal expansion in bipolar tissue sealing may lead to collateral tissue damage. Materials and Methods: Our investigations were carried out on an ex vivo model of porcine carotid arteries. Lateral ther...
Petunia hybrida is an economically important ornamental plant species. Branching in ornamental plants is closely associated with their ornamental traits, and branching is a significant agronomic trait in petunia, which shapes plant architecture and p...
Creating automated methods for detecting branches in images is crucial for applications like harvesting robots and forest monitoring. However, the tree images encountered in real-world scenarios present significant challenges for branch detection tec...
High-quality nursery stock ensures the dynamic development of orchard crops. The most desirable by orchardists is a tree with a strongly developed crown, which makes it possible to shorten the investment period of newly planted orchards. The quality...
The m-method is a commonly used method to calculate the internal force and deformation of pile foundations under lateral loads. However, for squeezed branch piles, the increase in the load-bearing plate leads to changes in the pile section and the ge...
To address the needs of mechanized tomato leaf pruning, this paper presents the design of an end-effector capable of adaptive positioning at the base of the branch. This design effectively prevents infection at the cut sites of a residual branch and...
The likelihood of branch union failure often needs to be assessed in tree risk assessment. Most of the guidance used in practice is based on the shape of these forks, specifically the shape (“U” or “V”), the angle between the...
The development of branching plays a pivotal role in the cultivation of ornamental chrysanthemums, as it dictates the ultimate morphology and quality of the plants. Strigolactones (SLs) are associated with apical dominance to indirectly inhibit shoot...
Nursery material intended for establishing intensive apple orchards should be characterised by a dominant and straight leader with an appropriate number of shoots that develop at the right height and are regularly spaced along the leader. The use of...
The solidification of alloys is a key physical phenomenon in advanced material-processing techniques including, but not limited to, casting and welding. Mastering and controlling the solidification process and the way in which microstructure evolutio...
Cutaneous nerve entrapment plays an important role in neuropathic pain syndrome. Due to the advancement of ultrasound technology, the cutaneous nerves can be visualized by high-resolution ultrasound. As the cutaneous nerves course superficially in th...
Examining the ramet system in bamboo forests can provide an important theoretical basis for strategic management. Moso bamboo is an economically important species in China, and implementing the correct management measures can play a key role in impro...
To investigate the sensitivity and significance of different morphological characteristics of plant root systems on vertical pullout resistance, this study considered four main influencing factors: the number of lateral roots, taproot length, the bra...
Background: Deep inferior epigastric perforator and muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominis muscle flaps are commonly used flaps for autologous breast reconstruction. CT-angiography allows to analyse the perforator course preoperatively. Our aim w...
To investigate the molecular mechanism of the mutation of a multiple-branches birch mutant (br), we explored genes that were genome-wide differentially expressed in the main and lateral branches’ apical buds of br. The plant architecture not on...
10 September 2020
Background: The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) is a large caliber artery which branches laterally from the external iliac artery (EIA), directly opposite the origin of the inferior epigastric artery (IEA). Population variations have been reporte...
The branching characteristics of plants represent crucial agronomic traits that significantly influence both yield and economic value. The formation of branches involves several stages, including the initiation of axillary meristems and the activatio...
In recent years, with the gradual expansion of the planting area for Chinese crab apple trees, the traditional method of picking crab apples has become inadequate due to its large workload, low efficiency, and high cost. To address this issue, this p...
The Opuntioideae include iconic cacti whose lateral branch–branch junctions are intriguing objects from a mechanical viewpoint. We have compared Opuntia ficus-indica, which has stable branch connections, with Cylindropuntia bigelovii, whose side bran...
The on-chip nano-integration of large-scale optical phased arrays (OPAs) is a development trend. However, the current scale of integrated OPAs is not large because of the limitations imposed by the lateral dimensions of beam-splitting structures. Her...
Warming and persistent droughts may exacerbate drought stress in water-scarce areas, thereby negatively affecting tree growth. When riparian plants in arid regions experience severe drought stress, they sacrifice non-dominant branches with less compe...
The establishment of plant architecture requires coordination of distinct processes including shoot branching and apical dominance (AD). AD involves the bud apical shoot, mainly through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthetized by the cells of the meris...
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