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  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,024 Views
15 Pages

A Study on the Estimation Method of Risk Based Area for Jetty Safety Monitoring

  • Byeong-Wook Nam,
  • Kyung-Ho Lee,
  • Jung-Min Lee,
  • Dae-Seok Kim,
  • Bon-Jae Ku,
  • Runqi Li and
  • Seong-Sang Yu

25 September 2015

Recently, the importance of safety-monitoring systems was highlighted by the unprecedented collision between a ship and a jetty in Yeosu. Accordingly, in this study, we introduce the concept of risk based area and develop a methodology for a jetty...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,730 Views
28 Pages

Nonlinear Soil–Pile–Structure Interaction Behaviour of Marine Jetty Structures

  • Marios Koronides,
  • Constantine Michailides and
  • Toula Onoufriou

Nonlinear soil–pile–structure interaction (SPSI) phenomena are known to play a vital role in the response of bottom-fixed marine structures. For such structures, these phenomena are commonly considered by the imposition of p-y, τ-z, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,089 Views
18 Pages

Breaking waves constitute one of the main environmental stressors on coastal structures as well as a leading hazard to navigation in nearshore regions. In this paper, we use camera-based methods to measure wave breaking over two jetty systems in the...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,379 Views
30 Pages

1 December 2015

The protection of a boat canal at the western entrance of Tangier Island, Virginia, located in the lower Chesapeake Bay, is investigated using different structural alternatives. The existing entrance channel is oriented 45 deg with respect to the loc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,503 Views
16 Pages

Emerging Downdrift Erosion by Twin Long-Range Jetties on an Open Mesotidal Muddy Coast, China

  • Yu-Hai Wang,
  • Yan-Hong Wang,
  • An-Jun Deng,
  • Hao-Chuan Feng,
  • Dang-Wei Wang and
  • Chuan-Sheng Guo

Downdrift shoreline recession associated with the construction of a shore-crossing hard structure represents one of coastal erosional hotspots that must be addressed for an integrated, sustainable coastal zone management. To prevent siltation within...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,924 Views
27 Pages

16 November 2020

Coastal infrastructure alterations, such as jetty expansions, are designed to provide improvements to natural dredging and safety of marine access and to maximize the management and efficiency of ports. Furthermore, these alterations have the potenti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,311 Views
27 Pages

Numerical Study of the Nonlinear Soil–Pile–Structure Interaction Effects on the Lateral Response of Marine Jetties

  • Marios Koronides,
  • Constantine Michailides,
  • Panagiotis Stylianidis and
  • Toula Onoufriou

17 November 2024

This study presents three-dimensional finite element analyses of two marine structures subjected to lateral loading to approximate environmental forces (e.g., wind, waves, currents, earthquakes). The first structure is a marine jetty supported by twe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,300 Views
22 Pages

28 February 2024

Globally, due to climate change and increased rates of coastal erosion, along with the need to protect sensitive habitats, there is an increasing requirement for a sustainable approach which considers both the effect of the marine environment on crit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,169 Views
19 Pages

Spatio-Temporal Variability in Coastal Sediment Texture in the Vicinity of Hydrotechnical Structures Along a Sandy Coast: Southeastern Baltic Sea (Lithuania)

  • Donatas Pupienis,
  • Aira Dubikaltienė,
  • Dovilė Karlonienė,
  • Gintautas Žilinskas and
  • Darius Jarmalavičius

Hydrotechnical structures reshape sandy coasts by altering hydrodynamics and sediment transport, yet their long-term effects on sediment texture remain underexplored, particularly in the Baltic Sea. This study investigates the spatial and temporal va...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,261 Views
11 Pages

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands on Primary Healthcare Use and Clinical Outcomes in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes

  • Jesse M. van den Berg,
  • Marieke T. Blom,
  • Karin M. A. Swart,
  • Jetty A. Overbeek,
  • S. Remmelzwaal,
  • Petra J. M. Elders and
  • Ron M. C. Herings

3 November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare systems worldwide, including the postponing or canceling of appointments and procedures for type 2 diabetes (T2D) care by general practitioners (GPs) in the Netherlands. The aim of this...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
12,277 Views
16 Pages

Vitamin E: Where Are We Now in Vascular Diseases?

  • Anahita Garg and
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee

18 February 2022

Vitamin E is one of the most popular fat-soluble vitamins in pathological research and has been under scrutiny since the 1980s as a vital dietary component of food. The antioxidant effect of vitamin E has been widely studied due to its benefits in th...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
1,607 Views
13 Pages

Initial Examinations of the Diastereoselectivity and Chemoselectivity of Intramolecular Silyl Nitronate [3+2] Cycloadditions with Alkenyl/Alkynyl Nitroethers

  • Katelyn Stevens,
  • Shik Ki Li,
  • Emily Kaufman,
  • Annika Schull,
  • Katie Hassebroek,
  • Joseph Stevens,
  • Matthew Grandbois,
  • Arlen Viste and
  • Jetty Duffy-Matzner

10 December 2024

This study examined the chemoselectivity and diastereoselectivity of silyl nitronate alkenyn-nitroethers in Intramolecular Silyl Nitronate Cycloadditions (ISNCs) to produce isoxazole derivatives with interesting medicinal properties. These reactions...

  • Review
  • Open Access
129 Citations
34,339 Views
27 Pages

Lutein Supplementation for Eye Diseases

  • Long Hin Li,
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee,
  • Ho Hang Leung,
  • Wai Ching Lam,
  • Zhongjie Fu and
  • Amy Cheuk Yin Lo

9 June 2020

Lutein is one of the few xanthophyll carotenoids that is found in high concentration in the macula of human retina. As de novo synthesis of lutein within the human body is impossible, lutein can only be obtained from diet. It is a natural substance a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,943 Views
21 Pages

Prostate Cancer—PET Imaging Update

  • Sankarsh Jetty,
  • James Ryan Loftus,
  • Abhinav Patel,
  • Akshya Gupta,
  • Savita Puri and
  • Vikram Dogra

28 January 2023

Prostate cancer is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in men, and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of prostate cancer increases precipitously after the age of 65 and demonstrates variable aggressiveness, depen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,587 Views
14 Pages

Isoprostanoid Plasma Levels Are Relevant to Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy Disease

  • Cinzia Signorini,
  • Claudio De Felice,
  • Thierry Durand,
  • Jean-Marie Galano,
  • Camille Oger,
  • Silvia Leoncini,
  • Joussef Hayek,
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee,
  • Troy C. Lund and
  • Paul J. Orchard

20 January 2022

Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by progressive demyelination. Mutations within the ABCD1 gene result in very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation within the peroxisome, particularly in the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
8,489 Views
30 Pages

Lead/Drug Discovery from Natural Resources

  • Zhihong Xu,
  • Barrett Eichler,
  • Eytan A. Klausner,
  • Jetty Duffy-Matzner and
  • Weifan Zheng

28 November 2022

Natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be effective drug candidates against various diseases for many years. Over a long period of time, nature has produced an abundant and prosperous source pool for novel therapeutic agents with d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,197 Views
14 Pages

Circulating 4-F4t-Neuroprostane and 10-F4t-Neuroprostane Are Related to MECP2 Gene Mutation and Natural History in Rett Syndrome

  • Cinzia Signorini,
  • Silvia Leoncini,
  • Thierry Durand,
  • Jean-Marie Galano,
  • Alexandre Guy,
  • Valérie Bultel-Poncé,
  • Camille Oger,
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee,
  • Lucia Ciccoli and
  • Claudio De Felice
  • + 1 author

Neuroprostanes, a family of non-enzymatic metabolites of the docosahexaenoic acid, have been suggested as potential biomarkers for neurological diseases. Objective biological markers are strongly needed in Rett syndrome (RTT), which is a progressive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,797 Views
17 Pages

Twelve Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training Alters Adipose Tissue Gene Expression but Not Oxylipin Levels in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

  • Susanne Csader,
  • Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah,
  • Tiina Kuningas,
  • Merja Heinäniemi,
  • Janne Suhonen,
  • Ville Männistö,
  • Heikki Pentikäinen,
  • Kai Savonen,
  • Milla-Maria Tauriainen and
  • Ursula Schwab
  • + 5 authors

Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hyd...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,211 Views
13 Pages

Pentiptycene-Derived Fluorescence Turn-Off Polymer Chemosensor for Copper(II) Cation with High Selectivity and Sensitivity

  • Anting Chen,
  • Wei Wu,
  • Megan E. A. Fegley,
  • Sherryllene S. Pinnock,
  • Jetty L. Duffy-Matzner,
  • William E. Bernier and
  • Wayne E. Jones

24 March 2017

Fluorescent conjugated polymers (FCPs) have been explored for selective detection of metal cations with ultra-sensitivity in environmental and biological systems. Herein, a new FCP sensor, tmeda-PPpETE (poly[(pentiptycene ethynylene)-alt-(thienylene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,162 Views
11 Pages

Dietary Habits, Fatty Acids and Carotenoid Levels Are Associated with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Chinese

  • Alex L.-K. Ng,
  • Ho Hang Leung,
  • Ryo Kawasaki,
  • Wing-Lau Ho,
  • Loraine L.-W. Chow,
  • Sharon S.-W. Chow,
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee and
  • Ian Y.-H. Wong

25 July 2019

The role of diet and circulatory carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) but not well studied in Chinese. However, other fatty acids were not comprehensively...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,571 Views
10 Pages

Limited Antioxidant Effect of Rosemary in Lipid Oxidation of Pan-Fried Salmon

  • Kin Sum Leung,
  • Ho Hang Leung,
  • Ching Yu Wu,
  • Jean-Marie Galano,
  • Thierry Durand and
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee

Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) rich fatty fish is known to provide an array of health benefits. However, high temperature in food preparation, such as pan-frying, potentially degrades eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and do...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,650 Views
13 Pages

Isoprostanoids in Clinical and Experimental Neurological Disease Models

  • Cinzia Signorini,
  • Claudio De Felice,
  • Jean-Marie Galano,
  • Camille Oger,
  • Silvia Leoncini,
  • Alessio Cortelazzo,
  • Lucia Ciccoli,
  • Thierry Durand,
  • Joussef Hayek and
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee

Isoprostanoids are a large family of compounds derived from non-enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Unlike other oxidative stress biomarkers, they provide unique information on the precursor of the targeted PUFA. Although they...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
7,310 Views
13 Pages

Consumption of food containing n-3 PUFAs, namely EPA and DHA, are known to benefit health and protect against chronic diseases. Both are richly found in marine-based food such as fatty fish and seafood that are commonly cooked prior to consumption. H...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,926 Views
27 Pages

Coupling of Petri Net Models of the Mycobacterial Infection Process and Innate Immune Response

  • Rafael V. Carvalho,
  • Jeroen Van den Heuvel,
  • Jetty Kleijn and
  • Fons J. Verbeek

Computational and mathematical modeling is important in support of a better understanding of complex behavior in biology. For the investigation of biological systems, researchers have used computers to construct, verify, and validate models that desc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,328 Views
18 Pages

Hyperoxia Elevates Adrenic Acid Peroxidation in Marine Fish and Is Associated with Reproductive Pheromone Mediators

  • Ming Long Sirius Chung,
  • Jean-Marie Galano,
  • Camille Oger,
  • Thierry Durand and
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee

14 April 2015

The development of oxidative stress in the marine ecosystem is a concurring concern in fish reproductive behavior. Marine fish being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of prostaglandin pheromone mediators but also vulnerable to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,261 Views
12 Pages

F4-Neuroprostanes: A Role in Sperm Capacitation

  • Cinzia Signorini,
  • Elena Moretti,
  • Daria Noto,
  • Simona Mattioli,
  • Cesare Castellini,
  • Nicola Antonio Pascarelli,
  • Thierry Durand,
  • Camille Oger,
  • Jean-Marie Galano and
  • Giulia Collodel
  • + 2 authors

5 July 2021

F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs), derived from the oxidative metabolization of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are considered biomarkers of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurons and spermatozoa display a high DHA content. NeuroPs might po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,371 Views
11 Pages

Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Single Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Infrainguinal Endovascular Treatment for Peripheral Arterial Disease

  • Jetty Ipema,
  • Rutger H. A. Welling,
  • Olaf J. Bakker,
  • Reinoud P. H. Bokkers,
  • Jean-Paul P. M. de Vries and
  • Çagdas Ünlü

30 October 2020

After infrainguinal endovascular treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), it is uncertain whether single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) should be preferred. This study investigated major adverse limb events (M...

  • Review
  • Open Access
100 Citations
14,081 Views
20 Pages

Interaction of Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Brain–Liver–Gut Axis

  • Amritpal Singh,
  • Yu Fung Yau,
  • Kin Sum Leung,
  • Hani El-Nezami and
  • Jetty Chung-Yung Lee

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset as well as the progression of inflammation. Without proper intervention, acute inflammation could progress to chronic inflammation, resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. Antioxida...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,989 Views
20 Pages

7 August 2024

Recycling production waste in the reactive injection molding (RIM) process is a step towards sustainability and efficient material usage. The recycled thermoset composite (RTC) material obtained by shredding the production waste is reused with a virg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
8,618 Views
17 Pages

30 September 2024

Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-secti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,103 Views
15 Pages

Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection or Severe COVID-19 and Associated Risk Factors After Primary and Booster Vaccination Against COVID-19 in the Netherlands

  • Jesse M. van den Berg,
  • Marieke T. Blom,
  • Jetty A. Overbeek,
  • Sharon Remmelzwaal,
  • Ron M. C. Herings and
  • Petra J. M. Elders

Background: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines appears to decline rapidly over time due to waning immunity and immune evasion by emerging variants of concern, and may be reduced in high-risk populations. We aimed to evaluate the rates of SARS-CoV...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,236 Views
11 Pages

Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

  • Jesse M. van den Berg,
  • Sharon Remmelzwaal,
  • Marieke T. Blom,
  • Beryl A. C. E. van Hoek,
  • Karin M. A. Swart,
  • Jetty A. Overbeek,
  • George L. Burchell,
  • Ron M. C. Herings and
  • Petra J. M. Elders

22 December 2022

Persons with diabetes mellitus may have an increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19 compared to persons without diabetes. Prior studies indicate that immune response and thus vaccine effectiveness might be lower in persons with diabete...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,189 Views
10 Pages

Study of Transverse-Spherocity Biased pp Collisions at the LHC Energies Using the PYTHIA 8 Event Generator

  • Antonio Ortiz,
  • Lizardo Valencia Palomo and
  • Victor Manuel Minjares Neriz

11 January 2024

The ALICE collaboration recently reported the mean transverse momentum as a function of charged-particle multiplicity for different pp-collision classes defined based on the “jettiness” of the event. The event “jettiness” is q...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,535 Views
22 Pages

The 11 mile (1.6 km) Swinomish Federal Navigation Channel provides a safe and short passage to fishing and recreational craft in and out of Northern Puget Sound by connecting Skagit and Padilla Bays, US State abbrev., USA. A network of dikes and jett...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,066 Views
18 Pages

Collapse of a Coastal Revetment Due to the Combined Effect of Anthropogenic and Natural Disturbances

  • Jong Dae Do,
  • Jae-Youll Jin,
  • Weon Mu Jeong,
  • Byunggil Lee,
  • Jin Yong Choi and
  • Yeon S. Chang

26 March 2021

Coastal structures, such as revetments, are built to protect specific areas and facilities from the attack of extreme waves. However, unexpected environmental damage could be induced from these structures when inappropriately applied. Here, we presen...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,391 Views
20 Pages

Application of Shore Sediments Accumulated in Navigation Channel for Restoration of Sandy Beaches around Pärnu City, SW Estonia, Baltic Sea

  • Hannes Tõnisson,
  • Rain Männikus,
  • Are Kont,
  • Valdeko Palginõmm,
  • Victor Alari,
  • Sten Suuroja,
  • Tiit Vaasma and
  • Kadri Vilumaa

24 February 2024

Sandy beaches high in recreation value make up 16% of the over 4000 km long shoreline of Estonia. The shore processes associated with climate change have remarkably accelerated over recent decades. Many sandy shores have suffered from strong erosion,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,796 Views
16 Pages

10 December 2020

The event-shape and multiplicity dependence of the chemical freeze-out temperature (Tch), freeze-out radius (R), and strangeness saturation factor (γs) are obtained by studying the particle yields from the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generator in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,924 Views
22 Pages

Evaluation of Cua Lo Estuary’s Morpho-Dynamic Evolution and Its Impact on Port Planning

  • Dinh Nhat Quang,
  • Nguyen Quang Duc Anh,
  • Ho Sy Tam,
  • Nguyen Xuan Tinh,
  • Hitoshi Tanaka and
  • Nguyen Trung Viet

Coastal erosion and accretion along the Quang Nam coast in Vietnam have been increasing in recent years, causing negative impacts on the inhabitants and local ecology. The Cua Lo estuary in Nui Thanh district has a complex hydrodynamic regime owing t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,954 Views
13 Pages

29 November 2017

Excessive sediment is a major pollutant to surface waters worldwide. In some watersheds, streambanks are a significant source of this sediment, leading to the expenditure of billions of dollars in stabilization projects. Although costly streambank st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,198 Views
20 Pages

9 September 2024

Beach erosion and coastal protection are complex and interconnected phenomena that have a substantial impact on coastal environments worldwide. Among the various coastal protection measures, seawalls have been widely implemented to mitigate erosion a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,423 Views
22 Pages

Hydrodynamic Analysis-Based Modeling of Coastal Abrasion Prevention (Case Study: Pulau Baai Port, Bengkulu)

  • Mudji Irmawan,
  • Muhammad Hafiizh Imaaduddiin,
  • Rizki Robbi Rahman Alam,
  • Afif Navir Refani and
  • Anissa Nur Aini

22 January 2024

Pulau Baai Port, located strategically in the Indian Ocean and considered a vital maritime hub in Indonesia, grapples with persistent challenges related to abrasion and sedimentation, which negatively impact its maritime infrastructure. One of the af...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,153 Views
23 Pages

25 July 2021

This paper aims to identify the causes and sources of erosion and deposition at small estuaries in southern central Vietnam under human intervention. The jetty built at the Tam Quan river mouth (Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam) serves as the base for the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,954 Views
30 Pages

6 October 2024

Shipping impact and wave loads impose dynamic loads on jetties and platforms in the sea, which cause the vibration of structures. Recently, many advanced viscous damper devices have been developed for implementation in structures to diminish structur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,981 Views
12 Pages

The employment of the maritime medium by Southern Levantine societies is examined here through its engagement with coastline facilitation and the building of artificial harbors where natural bays are insufficient or non-existent. The development and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,201 Views
34 Pages

Under the dual pressures of global climate change and anthropogenic activities, enhancing the ecological functions of hydraulic structures has become a critical direction for sustainable watershed management. While traditional spur dike designs prima...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,557 Views
14 Pages

The Need for an Environmental Notification System in the Lithuanian Coastal Area

  • Ilona Šakurova,
  • Vitalijus Kondrat,
  • Eglė Baltranaitė and
  • Vita Gardauskė

The Lithuanian coastal area is divided by the jetties of the Port of Klaipėda and represents two geomorphologically distinct parts. Local companies and institutions contribute to shaping the coastal area through infrastructure development. Aware...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,426 Views
19 Pages

20 November 2022

The Damietta Promontory is a distinct coastal region in the Nile Delta Egypt, which comprises several communities with strategic economic projects. The promontory has experienced numerous inundation crises due to anthropogenic intervention and/or sea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
8,432 Views
17 Pages

An X-Band Radar System for Bathymetry and Wave Field Analysis in a Harbour Area

  • Giovanni Ludeno,
  • Ferdinando Reale,
  • Fabio Dentale,
  • Eugenio Pugliese Carratelli,
  • Antonio Natale,
  • Francesco Soldovieri and
  • Francesco Serafino

14 January 2015

Marine X-band radar based systems are well tested to provide information about sea state and bathymetry. It is also well known that complex geometries and non-uniform bathymetries provide a much bigger challenge than offshore scenarios. In order to t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,373 Views
16 Pages

Assessment of Coastal Morphology on the South-Eastern Baltic Sea Coast: The Case of Lithuania

  • Ilona Šakurova,
  • Vitalijus Kondrat,
  • Eglė Baltranaitė,
  • Erika Vasiliauskienė and
  • Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė

26 December 2022

The Port of Klaipėda, located at the Klaipėda strait, divides the Lithuanian coast into two different geomorphological parts: southern—the coast of the Curonian Spit, and northern—the mainland coast. Port jetties interrupt the m...

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